scholarly journals Characterization of PVC-based polymer inclusion membranes with phosphonium ionic liquids

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 4437-4443
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Witt ◽  
Elżbieta Radzymińska-Lenarcik
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cyphos Il 101 ◽  
Cyphos Il 104 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Phosphonium Ionic Liquids

Abstract Membrane techniques can be used to separate different compounds, i.e., toxic metal ions from waste waters. As any other method of separation, also this one, based on polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), has certain limitations. One of them is the stability of membranes. In the present paper, the dependence of the physical and chemical properties on composition of PVC-based polymer inclusion membranes doped with phosphonium ionic liquids (CYPHOS IL 101, CYPHOS IL 104, CYPHOS IL 105 and CYPHOS IL 109) was studied. The thermal stability of investigated membranes was examined by thermogravimetry together with differential thermogravimetry analysis. Obtained results showed that studied PIMs are stable to the temperature of about 170 °C. The membrane morphology was examined by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The visibility of all characteristic bands in the ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of individual components in the membranes: a polymer, a plasticizer and the carriers. It also suggested that there were no signs of the covalent bond formation between the polymer, the plasticizer and the carrier. Only van der Waals or hydrogen bonds could be present. Moreover, in the SEM images of the investigated PIMs a rough surface without pores was observed.

Phosphonium ionic liquids as new, reactive extractants of lactic acid

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marták ◽  
Š. Schlosser
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Reverse Micelles ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Cyphos Il 101 ◽  
Cyphos Il 104 ◽  
Phosphonium Ionic Liquids

AbstractSolvent properties of ionic liquids with trihexyltetradecylphosphonium cation and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate anion (Cyphos IL-104) or chloride anion (Cyphos IL-101) were studied. IL-104 effectively extracted lactic acid (LA) with distribution coefficients above 40 at low acid concentrations. IL-104 extracted only undissociated acid (LAH) what supported the coordination mechanism of lactic acid extraction via H-bonding. In the extraction of lactic acid by phosphonium chloride (IL-101) an ion-exchange mechanism contributed remarkably to the extraction especially at basic pH where anionic form of this acid predominated. A high solubility of water in hydrophobic IL-104 up to 14.4 mass % was connected with the formation of reverse micelles. A dual mechanism of water extraction to phosphonium ionic liquids was identified, which consisted of water incorporation into reverse micelles and the inclusion of water into the hydrated complex of lactic acid with ionic liquid (IL). The extraction of lactic acid caused splitting of reverse micelles with liberation of water from the solvent. In the saturated solvent only hydration water remained in the complex of lactic acid with phosphonium ionic liquid, with the suggested structure (LAH)p(IL)(H2O)2, where the value of p ranged from 1 to 3.

Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Dicationic Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-464
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javaherian ◽  
Seyyed Jafar Saghanezhad
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Dicationic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Reaction Media ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Dicationic ionic liquids are an emerging group of Ionic Liquids (ILs) that are currently receiving much attention as green reaction media and catalysts. Because of a great number of possible combinations of cations and anions, the physical and chemical properties of dicationic ionic liquids are more tunable and broader than monocationic ILs. Therefore, their unique properties have made them the target of many applied and fundamental researches. Actually, dicationic ionic liquids are more effective and rather fascinating than traditional monocationic ILs. So, due to greater versatility and diversity, their applications in organic synthesis have been extensively grown. In this review, we have focused on the synthesis, characterization and applications of dicationic ionic liquids, especially, in organic synthesis.

Ionic Liquids in Analytical Chemistry: Applications and Recent Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Maria Merone ◽  
Angela Tartaglia ◽  
Enrica Rosato ◽  
Cristian D’Ovidio ◽  
Abuzar Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Background: Ionic liquids (ILs) are a unique class of compounds consisting exclusively of cations and anions that possess distinctive properties such as low volatility, high thermal stability, miscibility with water and organic solvents, electrolytic conductivity and non-flammability. Ionic liquids have been defined as "design solvents", because it is possible to modify their physical and chemical properties by appropriately choosing cations and anions, in order to meet the specific characteristics based on their potential application. Introduction: Due of their tunable nature and properties, ILs are considered as the perfect candidates for numerous applications in analytical chemistry including sample preparation, stationary phases in liquid or gas chromatography, additives in capillary electrophoresis, or in mass spectrometry for spectral and electrochemical analysis. In the last years, the number of publications regarding ILs has rapidly increased, highlighting the broad applications of these compounds in various fields of analytical chemistry. Results: This review first described the main physico-chemical characteristics of ionic liquids, and subsequently reported the various applications in different subdisciplines of analytical chemistry, including the extraction procedure and separation techniques. Furthermore, in each paragraph the most recent applications of ionic liquids in the food, environmental, biological, etc. fields have been described. Conclusion: Overall, the topic discussed highlights the key role of ionic liquids in analytical chemistry, giving hints for their future applications in chemistry but also in biology and medicine.

Synthesis and Kinetic Investigations for the Isomerization Process of 2–Hydroxy Chalcone Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1046
Author(s):  
Omar A Shareef Omar A Shareef ◽  
Said A Said and Ali Y Abdulrazaq Said A Said and Ali Y Abdulrazaq
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽  
First Order ◽  
Steric Factors ◽  
Kinetic Investigations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The wide biological activities of flavanones are mainly depends on their physical and chemical properties, thus a number of substituted 2-Hydroxy chalcones have been synthesized, and their isomerization to their corresponding flavanones was studied. In order to determine the rate constant, kinetic experiments were performed using HPLC technique in (9:1) (CH3CN:H2O) medium at different temperature (298-318) K. The obtained results were interpreted by four steps mechanism, which considered the existence of phenoxide ion as the key intermediate. This study performed with a pseudo first order ( reaction in which the rate for the studied compounds follow the sequence 5 andgt; 2 andgt; 1 andgt; 4 andgt; 3, the activation energy have the same sequence for these compounds .The effect of substituents on the rate showed that electronic and steric factors play reasonable role on the stability of the product .

The Establishment of the 3rd National Reference Standard for Tachypleus Tridentatus Lysate

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Tong Cai ◽  
Guolai Zhang ◽  
Yusheng Pei ◽  
Hua Gao
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Tachypleus Tridentatus ◽  
National Reference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

<p><strong>Objective</strong>  To establish the 3rd national reference standard for Tachypleus Tridentatus Lysate Reagent. <strong>Method</strong> <strong>and Results</strong>  The candidates of reference standard were studied for the physical and chemical properties, and the stability. To determined its sensitivity by collaboration calibration. <strong>Conclusions</strong>  The sensitivity of the 3rd national reference standard for TAL is 0.06EU / ml, lot number is 150603-201003.</p>

Salting-out and salting-in experiments with lignosulfonates (LSs)

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt O. Myrvold
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Common Ion ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Ion Effect ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The solubility of lignosulfonates (LSs) in water is strongly dependent on other ions present in the water phase. The differences in the solubility might strongly influence the measurements of the physical and chemical properties of the LS molecules. A reduced solubility of the LS might also affect its utility in many practical applications. The understanding of the interaction between LSs and various salts is important for both practical and theoretical reasons. Therefore, the effect of salt concentrations on the LS has been investigated for 41 different salts with 14 different cations and 16 different anions. The observations cannot be explained by the common ion effect or the screening effects. On the contrary, it was found that the stability of LS solutions follows the Hofmeister series, with the exception of those ions that will chemically interact with the LS molecule. Moreover, the positions of phosphate (HPO42-) and sulfate (SO42-) ions were reversed.

The Fabrication and Progress of Core-Shell Composite Materials

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsheng Cao ◽  
Juanrong Chen ◽  
Jie Hu
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Shell Particles ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Shell Composite ◽  
Organic Particle

Core-shell materials, in which a layer or multilayer of inorganic or organic material surrounds an inorganic or organic particle core, have been investigated both as a means to improve the stability and surface chemistry of the core particle and as a way of accessing unique physical and chemical properties that are not possible from one material alone. As a result, the fabrication of core-shell particles is attracting a great deal of interest because of their unique properties and potential applicability in catalysis, semiconductors, drug delivery, enzyme immobilization, molecular recognition, chemical sensing, etc. As evidenced by the literature described and discussed in this review, a basic understanding of the mechanism and recent progress in production methods have enabled the fabrication of core-shell particles with unique and tailored properties for various applications in materials science.

scholarly journals COMPLEXATION OF APPLE PECTIN, MODIFIED TO PHARMACOPHORE, WITH THE CATIONS MANGANESE (II) IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Roza Khanifovna Mudarisova ◽  
Alina Failovna Sagitova ◽  
Ol'ga Sergeyevna Kukovinets
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Thermodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Standard Thermodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Anthranilic Acids ◽  
Drug Compound ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Polymer Ligand

Complex formation in systems containing manganese (II), natural pectin and/or pectin modified by organic pharmacophores (nicotine, salicylic, 5-aminosalicylic, anthranilic acids) was studied by spectral (UV-, IR-, NMR 13C spectroscopy), potentiometric and viscometric methods. Method isomolar series and the molar relationship defined by the molar composition and the range of stability of metal complexes: pectin + nicotinic acid > pectin + acid 5-aminosalicylic > pectin + anthranilic acid > pectin + salicylic acid > native pectin. It is shown that the stability constant of metal complexes is significantly influenced by the reaction temperature and the structure of the pharmacophore. The presence of an amino group in the structure of an aromatic molecule increases the stability of metal complexes by 1.5–2 orders of magnitude. The standard thermodynamic characteristics (∆Hº; ∆Gº; ∆Sº) are calculated, which indicate that the processes of complexation in all cases are enthalpy-entropy favorable (∆Hº<0, ∆Sº>0) and proceed spontaneously (∆Gº<0). The influence of the structure of the drug compound in the polymer ligand on a number of physical and chemical properties of metal complexes was revealed. The data of NMR 13C and IR-spectra allow us to conclude that not only carboxyl groups but also hydroxyl functions of polymer matrices participate in the coordination interaction of pectin and/or pharmacophore-containing pectin with manganese (II) cations.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF EFFERVESCENT GRANULE OF CORN MILK, SUPPLEMENTED WITH PROBIOTICS LACTOBACILLUS STRAIN SHIROTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Reni Hiola ◽  
Robert Tungadi
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lactobacillus Strain ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Objective: One of the materials which can be formulated into probiotics drink is corn milk. It has nutrient contents such as vitamin A, B, C, minerals, and fibres. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the probiotic drink of corn milk which was formulated into an effervescent granule.Methods: The first step was carried out to make corn extract with the addition of Lactobacillus strain Shirota and incubated 24 h at 40 °C to gain corn milk. After that, corn milk was centrifuged to get filtrate and dried by oven 40 °C for 2 d to gain dry powder. Then corn milk powder was formulated into effervescent granule (3 formulas) using different ratio of acids. The method which used in making effervescent granule of corn milk was wet granulation. All formulas were done evaluations including physical and chemical properties of granule and hedonic test.Results: The results showed that formula 1 (only citric acid 23.84%) gave unsatisfactory results particularly on the evaluation tests such as LOD 9.64%, dissolution time 3.25 min, moisture content 10.67% and hedonic test which did not meet the requirements. Otherwise, formula 2 (only tartaric acid 23.84%) and formula 3 (citric acid 7.94% and tartaric acid 15.9% combination) showed satisfactory results for all evaluation tests of granules. Particularly formula 3 gave pH 5 on pH test which was the same as pH lactic acid for fermentation and LOD 4.34%, MC 4.53%, ρb 0.53 g/ml, ρt 0.62 g/ml and hedonic test around 80%.Conclusion: Formula 3 was the best formulation based on the evaluation and the stability of corn milk effervescent granule.

scholarly journals The Effect of pH on Stability of an Isolation Barrier Made of Dolomite Post-Floatation Waste

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Jolanta Sobik-Szołtysek
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Filtration Coefficient ◽  
Grain Composition ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Column Material ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Dolomite post-floatation waste has been proposed as an alternative material for the construction of separation barriers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the pH of leaching solutions on the stability of such barriers. The present research included the determination of selected physical and chemical properties of waste, i.e., density, grain composition, and filtration coefficient. Column tests of leaching by solutions of different pH values modeling varying environmental conditions were performed. Selected ions were determined in the eluates. Grain analyses were carried out for the column material after leaching to determine the changes in grain composition of dolomite due to washing with leaching solutions. The determined value of the filtration coefficient is 6.52 × 10−9 m∙s−1, which confirms the impermeability of the waste. The material is fine-grained, with a grain diameter of d ≤ 200 µm. During leaching, a decrease in the content of the analyzed ions and the diameter of grains and their movement down the barrier, resulting in its sealing, was observed. The central part of all columns showed more grains with a diameter of 7 μm, which is probably due to secondary precipitation of CaSO4. Irrespective of the initial pH of the leaching solution, the reaction of all eluates obtained was slightly alkaline (pH 7.52–8.20). Dolomite post-floatation waste has properties that ensure the tightness and durability of the separation barrier, which, combined with its ability to alkalize solutions and the sealing process, ensures its effectiveness.

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