Reproductive success and variation in floral traits in the Iberian Peninsula endemic white campion Silene marizii (Caryophyllaceae)

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica García-Barriuso ◽  
Eva Ávila ◽  
M. Sánchez-Anta ◽  
Antonio Crespí ◽  
Sonia Bernardos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
The West ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
Number Of Seeds

AbstractSilene marizii (Caryophyllaceae) is a schizoendemism of the west Iberian Peninsula. The correlation between the evolution of reproductive success (as measured in terms of fruit set and seed production) and five floral traits (peduncle length, calyx length, calyx width, petal limb length, and petal limb width) was investigated in five populations of S. marizii, taking into account both intra-populational and inter-populational variability. The populations studied represented the different habitats of S. marizii over its area of distribution. None of the five traits examined was significantly and positively correlated with the number of seeds produced by the flower. An analysis was also made of how floral morphology varies with the position of the flower in the inflorescence in the five populations. The populations from higher altitudes (Caramulhino, Puerto de Menga and Peña de la Cruz) had larger peduncles, calices and petal limbs than those living at lower altitudes (Sabugal and Mangualde) All five morphometric traits, plus the number of ovules per ovary, varied significantly between flower positions on the same plant and among populations.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of Amasonia obovata Gleason (Laminaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thays de Assis Schvinn ◽  
Anderson Fernandes de Miranda ◽  
Celice Alexandre Silva
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Self Fertilization

Floral mechanisms that ensure seed production via autogamy are more likely to occur in species growing in environments where pollination is scarce. Amasonia obovata was studied in the State of Mato Grosso-Brazil, from 2009 to 2012, to analyze the morphological and reproductive characteristics, aside from investigating the association of the reproductive success with the pollinator frequency and identity. The flowering and fruiting of A. obovata was concentrated in a period of five months during the rainy season. The dichogamy in flowers of A. obovata is not clearly defined, since the sexual functions were overlapped in the male and female phases. The species is self-compatible and not apomictic. The fruiting percentage obtained by hand self-pollination did not differ from cross-breeding (F = 0.74, P =0.39). In the observations from 2010 to 2012, a hummingbird (Thalurania furcata) legitimate visited 20-100% of the flowers in the male and female phases on different A. obovata plants. Due to the high frequency, this hummingbird was considered the single potential pollinator of the species. These findings show that a limited availability of pollinators may select for floral traits and plant mating strategies that lead to a system of self-fertilization.

Population trends and reproductive success of the European shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis on the Iberian Peninsula following the Prestige oil spill

2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Velando ◽  
David �lvarez ◽  
Jorge Mouri�o ◽  
Francisco Arcos ◽  
�lvaro Barros
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Prestige Oil Spill ◽  
The Prestige

scholarly journals A comparative study on the reproductive success of two rewarding Habenaria species (Orchidaceae) occurring in roadside verge habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenliu Zhang ◽  
Jiangyun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Pollinator Behaviour ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Viable Embryo

Abstract Background Most orchid species have been shown to be severely pollination limited, and the factors affecting reproductive success have been widely studied. However, the factors determining the reproductive success vary from species to species. Habenaria species typically produce nectar but exhibit variable fruit set and reproductive success among species. Here, we investigated the influence of the flowering plant density, inflorescence size, breeding system, and pollinator behaviour on the reproductive success of two rewarding Habenaria species. Results Our observations indicated that Habenaria limprichtii and H. petelotii co-occur in roadside verge habitats and present overlapping flowering periods. Both species were pollination limited, although H. limprichtii produced more fruits than H. petelotii under natural conditions during the 3-year investigation. H. petelotii individuals formed distinct patches along roadsides, while nearly all H. limprichtii individuals clustered together. The bigger floral display and higher nectar sugar concentration in H. limprichtii resulted in increased attraction and visits from pollinators. Three species of effective moths pollinated for H. limprichtii, while Thinopteryx delectans (Geometridae) was the exclusive pollinator of H. petelotii. The percentage of viable seeds was significantly lower for hand geitonogamy than for hand cross-pollination in both species. However, H. limprichtii may often be geitonogamously pollinated based on the behaviours of the pollinators and viable embryo assessment. Conclusions In anthropogenic interference habitats, the behaviours and abundance of pollinators influence the fruit set of the two studied species. The different pollinator assemblages in H. limprichtii can alleviate pollinator specificity and ensure reproductive success, whereas the more viable embryos of natural fruit seeds in H. petelotii suggested reducing geitonogamy by pollinators in the field. Our results indicate that a quantity-quality trade-off must occur between species with different breeding strategies so that they can fully exploit the existing given resources.

Reproductive success of Acacia longifolia (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) in native and invasive populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Correia ◽  
Sílvia Castro ◽  
Susana Rodríguez-Echeverría
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Reproductive Assurance ◽  
Acacia Species ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Selfing Ability

The reproductive biology of exotic species affects their capacity to become naturalised and invasive in non-native areas. Selfing is a common trait in many invasive plants probably because it provides reproductive assurance under low availability of pollination vectors and sexual partners. Nonetheless, the predominantly self-incompatible Australian Acacia species are among the most aggressive plants worldwide. To address whether there have been changes in selfing ability and natural reproductive success of A. longifolia during invasion, we compared one population in the invaded area (Portugal) with one population in the native range (Australia). We specifically assessed floral traits, fruit set and offspring traits for selfing and open-pollination treatments. Within each pollination treatment, no differences were found between areas, suggesting that the level of self-compatibility has not changed during invasion. However, the number of aborted seeds and seed size were significantly different between pollination treatments in Australia but not in Portugal. There were significant differences in the number of seeds per pod and in seed weight between ranges. A lower number of aborted seeds, a higher number of fully developed seeds and a greater seed size were found in the invaded area for both pollination treatments. In spite of the low selfing ability of A. longifolia in the invaded area, there was an increase in the quantity and size of the seeds produced in the new region, even for self-pollinated fruits, which might contribute to A. longifolia invasiveness.

The importance of recruitment patterns versus reproductive output in the persistence of a short-range endemic shrub in a highly fragmented landscape of south-western Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Gibson ◽  
Colin Yates ◽  
Margaret Byrne ◽  
Margaret Langley ◽  
Rujiporn Thavornkanlapachai
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Recruitment Failure ◽  
Degree Of Isolation ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Significant Mortality

Calothamnus quadrifidus subsp. teretifolius A.S.George & N.Gibson is a short-range endemic shrub whose habitat has been greatly reduced by clearing for agriculture. Reproductive output was high in all populations sampled, although there were large differences among populations in fruit set, the number of seeds per fruit and seed germination. These traits showed no relationship to population size, degree of isolation, or fragment size, which contrasts strongly with the patterns found in a widespread congener. Demographic studies in remnants with an intact understorey showed stable adult populations with continuous seedling recruitment. In contrast, there was consistent widespread failure of seedling and juvenile recruitment in degraded roadside remnants that also showed significant mortality of reproductive adults. In these degraded remnants, recruitment failure appears to be the primary cause of species decline.

scholarly journals Common Loon Reproductive Success in Canada: the West is Best but Not for Long

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Tozer ◽  
C. Myles Falconer ◽  
Debbie S. Badzinski
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Common Loon ◽  
The West

St Bernard of Clairvaux, The Low Countries and the Lisbon Letter of the Second Crusade

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
The West ◽  
Latin East ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The City

On 24 December 1144 'Imad ad-Din Zengi, the Muslim ruler of Aleppo and Mosul, captured the Christian city of Edessa. This was the most serious setback suffered by the Frankish settlers in the Levant since their arrival in the region at the end of the eleventh century. In reaction the rulers of Antioch and Jerusalem dispatched envoys to the west appealing for help. The initial efforts of Pope Eugenius in and King Louis VII of France met with little response, but at Easter 1146, at Vézelay, Bernard of Clairvaux led a renewed call to save the Holy Land and the Second Crusade began to gather momentum. As the crusade developed, its aims grew beyond an expedition to the Latin East and it evolved into a wider movement of Christian expansion encom-passing further campaigns against the pagan Wends in the Baltic and the Muslims of the Iberian peninsula. One particular group of men participated in two elements of the crusade; namely, the northern Europeans who sailed via the Iberian peninsula to the Holy Land. In thecourse of this journey they achieved the major success of the Second Crusade when they captured the city of Lisbon in October 1147. This article will consider how this aspect of the expedition fitted into the conception of the crusade as a whole and will try to establish when Lisbon became the principal target for the crusaders. St Bernard's preaching tour of the Low Countries emerges as an important, yet hitherto neglected, event.

The Northerly Summer Wind off the West Coast of the Iberian Peninsula

2015 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
N Rijo ◽  
A Semedo ◽  
D Lima ◽  
P Miranda ◽  
R Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The West

scholarly journals Researches on the Main Characteristics of Red Clover Seedlings and their Influence in

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marioara GREBENIȘAN ◽  
Doru PAMFIL ◽  
Dorottya Alice DOMOKOS
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Binding Process ◽  
Lower Variability ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Concerning the red clover breeding, it is essential to choose as genitors those varieties that possess good characteristics. In order to identify potential genitors, two red clover varieties were studied at Cluj-Napoca: Roxana, diploid variety and Napoca-tetra, tetraploid variety. The analyzed traits comprised the number of capitula/plant, number of seeds/capitulum and the binding process, under the aspect of their contribution to the seed crop and the interaction between those components, in order to provide important clues about di-and tetraploid red clover seed production, for plant breeding. The highest variability (s%=30) presented regarding the number of flowers/capitulum, diploid variety comparatively with a lower variability (s%=26) regarding the number of flowers number/capitulum, tetraploid varieties. Several traits were compared between di-and tetraploid red clover varieties in order to find genitors which can be used for creating new genotypes with high seed production level.

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