Comparative cytogenetics in Cyclopogon (Orchidaceae)

AbstractA cytotaxonomical description of Cyclopogon (Spiranthinae, Orchidaceae) is carried out through a deep karyotype analysis of four species from NE Argentina. Distinctive karyotype parameters concerning the chromosomes number, morphology, size and symmetry and the genome size associate to each taxon. Cyclopogon calophyllus (2n = 2x =28; 18m + 10sm), C. congestus (2n = 2x = 32; 26m + 6sm), C. elatus (2n = 2x = 28; 18m + 10sm) and C. oliganthus (2n = 4x = 64; 40m + 24sm) possess symmetrical karyotypes (i-mean = 40.01–42.84; A 1 = 0.24–032; r>2 = 0.06–0.29) and excluding C. congestus (A 2 = 0.26; R = 2.62) unimodality is the rule (A 2 = 0.12–0.20; R = 1.73–1.92). Diploid taxa show a terminal macrosatellite in the m pair no. 2 (large arm) and share a comparable mean chromosome length (ca. 2.75 μm) and genome size (ca. 40 μm), superior to the tetraploid C. oliganthus (ca. 2 and 32 μm, respectively). The novel data added to preceding cytological, morphological and molecular approaches involving Cyclopogon and those related taxa of Spiranthinae largely based on x = 23 support the hypothesis that the unusual 2n and the karyotype morphology of Cyclopogon is an evolutionary advance within Spiranthinae with a basic reduction to x = 14 or 16 by chromosome fusions. A polyploid-dysploid series added to dibasic hybridization explain the extant 2n diversity though a paleopolyploid series on x = 7–8 is also possible.

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Karyotype analysis and chromosome number for two Cirsium taxa (Asteraceae) in Iran

Turczaninowia ◽

10.14258/turczaninowia.24.1.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 83-88

Author(s):

Zohreh Babaee ◽

Maryam Norouzi ◽

Samaneh Mosaferi ◽

Maryam Keshavarzi

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Mitotic Chromosome ◽

Karyotype Analysis ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

B Chromosomes ◽

Chromosome Type ◽

Population Total ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Class B ◽

Karyotype Analyses

Cirsium Mill. contains more than 250 species in the world mainly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. Different chromosome numbers with different ploidy levels were reported in this genus. In this study, karyotype details and chromosome numbers were established for two Cirsium taxa in Iran. C. ciliatum subsp. szovitsii and C. echinus had the mitotic chromosome numbers of 2n = 2x = 34. Karyotype analyses showed that chromosomes were generally metacentric and sub-metacentric. In C. echinus, Lowshan population had the longest chromosome (19.10 µm) and Heyran Canyon population (4.73 µm) the shortest one while in C. ciliatum, the longest chromosome was observed in Urmia to Salmas population (14.67 µm) and the shortest one (4.71 µm) in Doshanlu population. Total haploid chromosome length ranged from 275.29 to 376.42 µm in populations studied. Both taxa were grouped in 2B class. B-chromosomes were recorded for two taxa studied too. Chromosome type, mitotic chromosome numbers and occurrence of B-chromosomes were in agreement with previous results (Albers, Pröbsting, 1998; Lövkvist, Hultgård, 1999; Yüksel et al., 2013; Yildiz et al., 2016).

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Nuclear genome size and karyotype analysis in Papaver for BAC library construction

Biopolymers and Cell ◽

10.7124/bc.0006e5 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 145-150

Author(s):

T. K. Kyrylenko ◽

O. I. Martynenko ◽

O. G. Alkhimova

Keyword(s):

Genome Size ◽

Karyotype Analysis ◽

Bac Library ◽

Nuclear Genome ◽

Library Construction

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Comparative cytogenetics of Astyanax (Teleostei: Characidae) from the upper Paraguay basin

Neotropical Ichthyology ◽

10.1590/1982-0224-20170092 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thais K. S. S. Teixeira ◽

Paulo C. Venere ◽

Daniela C. Ferreira ◽

Sandra Mariotto ◽

Jonathan P. Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Mapping ◽

18S Rdna ◽

Diploid Number ◽

5S Rdna ◽

Neotropical Region ◽

Comparative Cytogenetics ◽

Karyotype Morphology ◽

Taxonomic Studies

ABSTRACT Astyanax is one of the most abundant and diverse taxa of fishes in the Neotropical region. In order to increase the amount of cytogenetic information for Astyanax as well as to exhibit data to subsidize future taxonomic studies, this work analyzed three species of Astyanax: two species are cryptic, and are here reported to live in syntopy (A. abramis and A. lacustris); the first karyotype description for A. pirapuan is also presented. Cytogenetic analyzes reveal a diploid number of 2n=50 chromosomes for three species, yet with differences in their karyotype morphology. The physical mapping of 18S rDNA showed up to thirteen sites in A. pirapuan and two in A. abramis and A. lacustris. The physical mapping of 5S rDNA has proven to be an effective marker for the characterization of species of Astyanax studied in this work.

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Karyotype analysis with orcein and CMA from leaf base cells of Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. et Kurz

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v38i1.5133 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 111-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Syeda Sharmeen Sultana ◽

ANM Rubaiyath Bin Rahman ◽

Sheikh Shamimul Alam

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Karyotype Analysis ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

Entire Length ◽

Leaf Base ◽

Interphase Nuclei ◽

Rich Region ◽

Rauvolfia Serpentina ◽

Fluorescent Banding ◽

Orcein Staining

Many prominent darkly stained heterochromatic blocks were found in the interphase nuclei of Rauvolfia serpentina following orcein staining. The prophase chromosomes of this species became stained homogeneously throughout the entire length. This species was found to possess 2n = 20 metacentric chromosomes revealing symmetric karyotype but if the chromosome length (6.67 - 3.17 μm) is considered, it indicates asymmetric karyotype. Total GC-rich region was 15.62% of the total chromatin length. Eight CMA-positive bands on different locus revealed the accumulation of GC-rich repeats. The two entirely CMA-banded chromosomes were so unique that could be used as marker for this species. Key words: Karyotype; Rauvolfia serpentina; Fluorescent banding DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i1.5133 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(1): 55-63, 2009 (June)

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Genome size and karyotype evolution in Tradescantia section Cymbispatha (Commelinaceae)

Genome ◽

10.1139/g90-089 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 604-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ann Kenton ◽

Andrew Drakeford

Keyword(s):

Genome Size ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Central American ◽

South American ◽

Basic Genome ◽

C Value ◽

Robertsonian Fusions ◽

Karyotype Morphology ◽

Dna Reduction

Karyotype morphology and nuclear DNA content are compared in species of Tradescantia section Cymbispatha from North and South America. Comparison of DNA amounts confirms the polyploid ancestry previously suggested for several cytotypes and shows that basic genome size has been unaffected by the Robertsonian fusions constituting a major evolutionary change in this group. The 2C-values of Mexican tetraploids are double those of their Central American diploid relative Tradescantia gracillima. The 2C-value of the South American tetraploid T. cymbispatha is comparatively lower as a result of a reduction in the size of some chromosomes. This reduction is most likely to have been achieved by Robertsonian fusions in a hybrid whose parental chromosome sets differed in size. The results provide evidence for selection of ancestral diploids with low C-value as mechanism for reduction of genome size in polyploids.Key words: Tradescantia, genome size, polyploidy, Robertsonian fusion, DNA reduction.

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Autopolyploidy versus Allopolyploidy and Low-density Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Linkage Maps of Sweetpotato

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.122.6.822 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 122 (6) ◽

pp. 822-828 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Kittipat Ukoskit ◽

Paul G. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Genetic Analysis ◽

Genome Size ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Rapd Marker ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

Low Density ◽

Linkage Maps ◽

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Genome Coverage

Low-density randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatus (L.) Lam.; 2n = 6x = 90] were constructed from 76 pseudotestcross progenies obtained from `Vardaman' × `Regal'. Of 460 primers, 84 generating 196 well-resolved repeatable markers were selected for genetic analysis. `Vardaman' and `Regal' testcross progenies were analyzed for segregation and linkages of RAPD markers. Type of polyploidy, autopolyploidy, or allopolyploidy is uncertain in sweetpotato and was examined in this study using the ratio of nonsimplex to simplex RAPD markers and the ratio of simplex RAPD marker pairs linked in repulsion to coupling. Both measures indicated autopolyploidy. Low-density RAPD linkage maps of `Vardaman' and `Regal' were constructed from simplex RAPD marker linkage analysis. Duplex and triplex markers were then mapped manually into the simplex marker map. Homologous linkage groups were identified using nonsimplex RAPD markers and three homologous groups were found in each of the parent maps. Use of nonsimplex markers increased mapping efficiency. The `Vardaman' map had a predicted coverage of 10.5% at a 25-cM interval of the genome size of 5024 cM. In `Regal', genome coverage was estimated to be 5.6% at a 25-cM interval of the genome size of 6560 cM. Therefore, average chromosome length was ≈56 to 73 cM.

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El cariotipo de Paspalum cromyorrhizon diploide y tetraploide (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae)

Darwiniana nueva serie ◽

10.14522/darwiniana.2021.92.987 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 375-386

Author(s):

A. Verena Reutemann ◽

Eric J. Martínez ◽

Julio R. Daviña ◽

Diego H. Hojsgaard ◽

Ana I. Honfi

Keyword(s):

Karyotype Analysis ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

Chromosome Count ◽

Feulgen Staining ◽

Chromosomal Complement ◽

Total Length

Paspalum cromyorrhizon Trin. ex Döll is a species adapted to low and humid fields, river and stream banks, throughout S Brazil, Uruguay and NE Argentine. Diploids (2n = 2x = 20) and tetraploids (2n = 4x = 40) from natural populations of P. cromyorrhizon from Corrientes (Argentina) were used to analyse the karyotype morphometry of both cytotypes. The chromosome count was performed using classical Feulgen staining. The karyotype of diploid P. cromyorrhizon has 20 metacentric chromosomes, while the tetraploid has a karyotype of 40 metacentric chromosomes. The total length of the chromosomal complement in diploids is 32.5 μm and in tetraploids 63.5 μm, the total monoploid chromosome length is 15.48 μm in diploids and 15.21 μm in tetraploids and both karyotypes are symmetrical. Karyotype analysis confirms the autopolyploid origin proposed for tetraploids.

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Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus paraplantarum OSY-TC318, a Producer of the Novel Lantibiotic Paraplantaracin TC318

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.00274-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (19) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Walaa E. Hussein ◽

En Huang ◽

Ismet Ozturk ◽

Ahmed E. Yousef

Keyword(s):

Genome Size ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Gc Content ◽

Peptide Sequencing ◽

Draft Genome Sequence ◽

The Novel ◽

Content Type ◽

A Genome ◽

Lactobacillus Paraplantarum

Lactobacillus paraplantarum OSY-TC318 was isolated from Turkish Tulum cheese and found to produce a potent anti-Gram-positive peptide. Sequencing of the OSY-TC318 genome revealed a genome size of 3,587,488 bp and an average GC content of 43.4%.

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