scholarly journals Les plaies de la Grande Guerre dans la Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung, un imaginaire de papier sous la République de Weimar

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bérénice Zunino

Abstract Auch nach dem Waffenstillstand wird der Erste Weltkrieg in der Berliner Illustrirten Zeitung (BIZ) – einem der ersten illustrierten Massenblätter – weiter thematisiert. Bei der Untersuchung dieses mediatisierten Krieges wird der Frage nachgegangen, was diese Bilderwelt über die fortschrittlichen Erwartungen, Ängste und Hoffnungen in der Weimarer Republik aussagt. Dabei geht hervor, dass die BIZ nach der anfänglichen Bekundung eines gewissen Wohlwollens gegenüber den ehemaligen Feinden zu Beginn des Jahres 1919 bald in einen bitteren Ton umschlägt, als die Friedensbedingungen bekannt gegeben werden. Diese enttäuschten Hoffnungen haben die kulturelle Demobilisierung der BIZ erschwert. Eine Zeit lang werden Themen der Kriegspropaganda weiter behandelt, bevor diese illustrierte Zeitschrift im Laufe der 1920er Jahre zum künstlerischen Ausdrucksort der Trauer um die Opfer des Krieges wird und dabei versucht, die Wunden des Krieges zu heilen. Letztlich zielt die BIZ aber weniger darauf ab, die Erinnerung an den Krieg wach zu halten, als vielmehr als Sprachrohr eines pazifistischen und republikanischen Diskurses zu fungieren. Après l’armistice, la Première Guerre mondiale continue à être traitée dans la revue illustrée d’actualité générale, politique et culturelle qu’est la Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung (BIZ). Sur la trace de cette médiatisation de la guerre, nous interrogeons ce que ces représentations « disent » des attentes, des peurs et des espoirs des contemporains progressistes de Weimar. Il ressort qu’après avoir diffusé une certaine bienveillance à l’égard des anciens ennemis début 1919, la BIZ s’aigrit à la suite de l’officialisation des conditions de paix. Sans doute ces espoirs déçus ont-ils compliqué la démobilisation culturelle de la BIZ, qui continue un temps à se faire le relais du discours de guerre, puis tente par l’expression artistique, tout au long des années 1920, de panser les plaies du deuil. Finalement, la BIZ ne cherche pas tant à entretenir la mémoire de la guerre qu’à promouvoir un discours pacifiste et républicain. After the armistice, World War One remained an important topic in the Berliner Ilustrirte Zeitung – an illustrated magazine devoted to general, political and cultural news. Analyzing its coverage of the war allows us to address what these representations have to say about the expectations, fears and hopes of Weimar progressives at the time. After showing some benevolence towards former enemies at the beginning of 1919, the BIZ grew more acrimonious when the terms of the peace treaty became official. These disappointed hopes certainly made the cultural demobilization of the BIZ more difficult. The magazine continued to relay the war rhetoric for some time, before trying to tend to the wounds and ease the mourning through artistic means. Eventually, the BIZ did not seek to preserve the memory of the war, but rather to promote a pacifist and republican way of thinking.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Ablonczy ◽  

The signing of the peace treaty between the winners of World War One and the defeated Austria-Hungary in the Grand Trianon Chateau in the suburbs of Paris in 1920 was one of the most dramatic events in twentieth-century Hungarian history. It left traces in the mass consciousness and political culture of Hungary, and is still a controversial historical topic. According to recent opinion polls, the vast majority of the population believes that the treaty signed in Versailles was unjust. This book explores the mythical nature of this popular conviction, legends born around the signing of this document, and conspiracy theories that are still used to plausibly explain the past. The book is intended for the reader who wants to go beyond a mere reconstruction of the formal sequence of events, who searches for deeper explanations of the non-evident interdependences of the present day with the past, and who does not take “hot” news, journalistic speculations, and gossip at face value.


2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Bell

Religion and science, war and peace, love and hate, chance and determinacy – these are a few of the many topics Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften (Vol. 1, 1931 / Vol. 2 Part 1, 1933)1 – an unfinished philosophic and poetic masterpiece spanning more than one thousand pages – addresses, as it communicates the narrator’s efforts to think more precisely and more accurately about elemental aspects of the human experience. In his monumental tome, Robert Musil presents numerous figures who espouse a broad range of ideas proliferating within the society of “Kakanien”, representative of the Habsburg Empire in 1913/1914. Musil’s fictional rendition of this milieu focuses particularly on the intellectual mood pulsating throughout Austro-Hungarian society during the twelve months preceding the outbreak of World War One; the novel’s first paragraph ends with the following statement: “Es war ein schöner Augusttag des Jahres 1913” (9). In July of the following year, mayhem breaks out. What were people thinking before the violence erupted? What influential ideas were proliferating and, indeed, may have been adopted prior to the catastrophe known as the Great War? Meticulously and perspicaciously, Musil textually articulates – and experiments with – those concepts permeating throughout the pre-war Austro-Hungarian empire, in order to investigate which of them may have been fallaciously used and, consequently, led to the ensuing disaster. Simultaneously, through his narration, he offers an aesthetic framework for considering the possibilities of more refined thinking, which, if embraced and actualized, may have brought about a more intellectually consistent society that would have been able to stave off the horrific crisis that occurred. Contextually, it is important to keep in mind that he writes about 1913/1914 from the perspective of 1931/1933: the “Weimarer Republik” and the “Erste Republik Österreich” are both on the verge of dissolution; fascism in Germany and Austria is on the rise; and the “Militarisierung Deutschlands” is readily evident.2 Musil is keenly aware of the similarity in circumstances. For this reason, he projects the failures apparent in the late 1920’s and early 1930’s back onto 1913/1914, when the Habsburg Monarchy and the German Empire could not provide a counterforce to the developing war machine.3 Writing in the shadow of a past war and with the looming sense of imminent danger, Musil generates impassioned essays,4 endeavoring to think in an informed, dynamic, and new manner about the situation in which he finds himself, hoping that his exploration of ideas will actualize the dissemination of peace.5


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-203
Author(s):  
Roy Jones ◽  
Tod Jones

In the speech in which the phrase ‘land fit for heroes’ was coined, Lloyd George proclaimed ‘(l)et us make victory the motive power to link the old land up in such measure that it will be nearer the sunshine than ever before … it will lift those who have been living in the dark places to a plateau where they will get the rays of the sun’. This speech conflated the issues of the ‘debt of honour’ and the provision of land to those who had served. These ideals had ramifications throughout the British Empire. Here we proffer two Antipodean examples: the national Soldier Settlement Scheme in New Zealand and the Imperial Group Settlement of British migrants in Western Australia and, specifically, the fate and the legacy of a Group of Gaelic speaking Outer Hebrideans who relocated to a site which is now in the outer fringes of metropolitan Perth.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Miloš Jagodić

This paper deals with Kingdom of Serbia’s plans on roads and railways construction in the regions annexed 1913, after the Balkan Wars. Plans are presented in detail, as well as achievements until 1915, when the country was occupied by enemy forces in the World War One. It is shown that plans for future roads and railways network were made according to the changed geopolitical conditions in the Balkan Peninsula, created as the consequence of the Balkan Wars 1912-1913. The paper draws mainly on unpublished archival sources of Serbian origin.


Author(s):  
Patricia O'Brien

This is a biography of Ta’isi O. F. Nelson, the Sāmoan nationalist leader who fought New Zealand, the British Empire and the League of Nations between the world wars. It is a richly layered history that weaves a personal and Pacific history with one that illuminates the global crisis of empire after World War One. Ta’isi’s story weaves Sweden with deep histories of Sāmoa that in the late nineteenth century became deeply inflected with colonial machinations of Germany, Britain, New Zealand and the U. S.. After Sāmoa was made a mandate of the League of Nations in 1921, the workings and aspirations of that newly minted form of world government came to bear on the island nation and Ta’isi and his fellow Sāmoan tested the League’s powers through their relentless non-violent campaign for justice. Ta’isi was Sāmoa’s leading businessman who was blamed for the on-going agitation in Sāmoa; for his trouble he was subjected to two periods of exile, humiliation and a concerted campaign intent on his financial ruin. Using many new sources, this book tells Ta’isi’s untold story, providing fresh and intriguing new aspects to the global story of indigenous resistance in the twentieth century.


Author(s):  
C. L. Innes

This chapter discusses migrant fiction in British and Irish literature. The end of the Second World War and the closing stages of the British empire brought significant changes, making more complex the ambivalent attitudes of the British towards the peoples of what now became (in 1948) the British Commonwealth of Nations. As it was gradually acknowledged that the expatriate professional and administrative classes in the former empire would be replaced by indigenous persons, increasingly large numbers were sent from the colonies to acquire the British professional training and higher education often required for an appointment in their home countries. It is in this context that migrant fiction, both by and about immigrant communities, was created in Britain in the decades immediately following the Second World War. One response to the disorientation experienced in Britain was to recreate the community back home, to rediscover and understand what one had left.


1989 ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Stephane Audoin-Rouzeau ◽  
Jay M. Winter
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-192
Author(s):  
Jean Mary Walker
Keyword(s):  

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