Sub-lethal effects of the anticoagulant rodenticides bromadiolone and chlorophacinone on breeding performances of the barn owl (Tyto alba) in oil palm plantations

Abstract This study investigated the effects of the first generation anticoagulant rodenticide chlorophacinone and the second generation rodenticide bromadiolone on the population and breeding performances of barn owls at oil palm plantations. Three treatment plots were established: one baited with chlorophacinone, one with bromadiolone, and the third kept rodenticide-free. Four rat-baiting campaigns which coincided with barn owl breeding season were carried in the rodenticide-treated plots. The occupancy rate of nest boxes, clutch size, brood size and fledging rates of the barn owls in each plot were monitored weekly throughout the study. Freshly regurgitated pellets from barn owls were collected from all occupied nest boxes at weekly intervals during the development of nestlings in each breeding season. The results show that the occupancy rate of the nest boxes was significantly higher in the rodenticide-free area compared with both rodenticide-treated areas. Similarly, the breeding performances, such as clutch size, brood size and fledging success, were higher in the rodenticide-free area compared with the rodenticide-treated areas. Results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that 20.56% (mean residue: 1 .335 ± 0.073 lg/g) and 28.89% (mean residue: 0.777 ± 0.032 lg/g) of the collected regurgitated pellet samples from the rodenticide-treated areas contained bromadiolone and chlorophacinone residue, respectively. The mean brood size and fledging success of the barn owls showed a strong negative correlation with the mean concentration of rodenticide residues present in the regurgitated pellets and with the percentages of pellets detected having such residues (R2 k 0.44, P < 0.05). Similarly, the mean clutch size of barn owls was negatively correlated with the mean concentration of rodenticide residues and with the percentages of pellets detected with these residues. However, the correlation was not significantly different (R2 k 0.34, P > 0.05). In general, the higher the amount of residues detected, the lower the breeding performance parameters measured in this study

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ECOLOGY AND BREEDING BIOLOGY OF CHESTNUT-TAILED STARLING, STURNUS MALABARICUS (GMELIN 1789)

Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology ◽

10.3126/eco.v11i1.142 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. F. Jaman ◽

N. Sahreen

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Clutch Size ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Breeding Success ◽

Brood Size ◽

Nest Building ◽

Breeding Biology ◽

Egg Incubation ◽

The Mean

Studies on the ecology and breeding biology of Chestnut-tailed Starling, Sturnus malabaricus (Gmelin) were carried out from June 1997 to July 1998 in Dhaka and Nilphamari districts. This bird mainly found in parties and small flocks on the upper canopy and leaf of the trees to feed on insects. Breeding season of this bird started from the early February and ended to last July. A total of 30 nests were studied those were found in 5 species of trees and in the ventilation of buildings in five study areas. The peak nesting period was in March. Both sexes took part in nest building, egg incubation, brooding and feeding of nestlings. The mean clutch size was 3 ± 0.63 eggs. Out of 30 eggs belonged to 10 nests, 20 (66.67%) were hatched and the rest 10 (33.33%) were lost and infertile. The mean incubation period was 17 ± 1.3 days. Brood size varied from 1-3 nestlings. Out of 20 nestlings hatched, 10 (50%) were fledged successfully. The breeding success was 33.33% in relation to the number of eggs laid and 50% in relation to the nestlings hatched. The fledging period varied from 19 to 21 days. Key words: Ecology, breeding biology, Chestnut-tailed Starling, Sturnus malabaricus. Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.

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Breeding biology of Bengal eyed turtle Morenia petersi (Anderson 1879) in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Zoology ◽

10.3329/bjz.v42i2.23353 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 169-181

Author(s):

Md Lokman Hossain ◽

Shorab Uddin Sarker ◽

Noor Jahan Sarker

Keyword(s):

Incubation Period ◽

Clutch Size ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Gravid Female ◽

Gonad Development ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Nesting Sites ◽

Fallow Lands ◽

The Mean ◽

Second Clutch

This study was conducted to determine the breeding season, gonad development, egg laying period, clutch size and other biological aspects of Bengal Eyed Turtle, Morenia petersi of Bangladesh. The egg-laying period was found between November and February. The nesting sites were elevated fallow lands in secluded areas. The female turtle laid all the mature eggs at a time for each clutch at night. A gravid female turtle laid two clutches of eggs in each breeding season and the mean clutch size was 9.7 ± 1.5 eggs and mean weight of each egg was 8.9 ± 1.3 g. The eggs are elongated in shape and whitish in colour. The mean incubation period was 119 ± 30 days. The incubation period of first clutch was the longer than the second clutch. The hatchlings emerged out between April and May. Hatchery success was found 56.8%. The percentage of weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) by weight of hatchlings in the first year was greater than second and third year. Present investigation was made to explore the possibility to raise turtle farming in captive condition.Bangladesh J. Zool. 42(2): 169-181, 2014

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Breeding Biology of the Savannah Sparrow on Kent Island

The Auk ◽

10.1093/auk/95.2.235 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 235-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Clara L. Dixon

Keyword(s):

New Brunswick ◽

Clutch Size ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Nesting Success ◽

Breeding Biology ◽

Passerculus Sandwichensis ◽

Herring Gulls ◽

Savannah Sparrow ◽

The Mean

Abstract I studied the breeding biology of the Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) on Kent Island, New Brunswick, Canada from 1964 through 1968. I estimated the breeding population to be 125-135 pairs $(412-445\ \text{individuals}/{\rm km}^{2})$. The mean number of nests produced per female, including those destroyed by predators, was 2.97. Clutch size ranged from 2 to 5. The mean clutch size based on 1,142 eggs in 284 nests of known clutch size was 4.02. Not only was the four-egg clutch most numerous but a greater percentage of eggs in the four-egg clutches hatched and the mean number of young fledged per nest was also highest. The mean incubation period was 12.2 days, the mean duration of nestling life was 9 days, and the approximate length of the breeding season as 52 days. The daily mortality rate of eggs was 11.9% and of nestlings 2.1%. Predation was the major factor affecting reproductive success; 50.5% of all nests located were destroyed by predators. The main nest predators were Common Crows and Herring Gulls. Of the nests destroyed by predators, 87.8% contained eggs rather than nestlings. The intense predation necessitated high nest replacement. The mean interval between the termination of one nest and the appearance of the first egg in the succeeding nest was 6.3 days. If successive nests are destroyed on the day incubation begins, it is hypothetically possible for a pair to produce four nests during a single breeding season; many birds in the population produce at least three. Although enough time was available for birds to fledge two broods in a season, few of them fledged more than one. Thus, the nesting success was low (success from egg to hatching 18.1%). High nest replacement compensated for high egg mortality, and an average of 2.16 young per pair were fledged per season.

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Great tit (Parus major) breeding in fire-prone oak woods: differential effects of post-fire conditions on reproductive stages

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf09129 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 605 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Enrico Bellia ◽

Daniela Campobello ◽

Maurizio Sarà

Keyword(s):

Brood Size ◽

Parus Major ◽

Great Tit ◽

Nesting Success ◽

Avian Species ◽

Occupancy Rate ◽

Reproductive Parameters ◽

Nest Boxes ◽

Successional Stages ◽

In Fire

Wildfires negatively affect the overall reproductive success of several woodland avian species, but there is scarce information about which stages of the nesting cycle are specifically affected. We conducted a 3-year study to identify the effects of fire on the reproductive parameters of the great tit (Parus major) and the survival of its nests at different stages of the nesting cycle. We recorded the occupancy rate, clutch and brood size, hatching, fledging and nesting success in nest boxes placed on study plots with different post-fire age. By examining the post-fire succession, we analysed the survival of eggs and nestlings under predation risks. As the forest matured after a wildfire, tits occupied more nest boxes and laid more eggs that suffered less predation than in earlier successional stages. Although the incubation fate improved at each step of succession, the conditions to fully raise nestlings seemed to be suitable only in the oldest woods. Our findings indicate that the population dynamics of a reputed generalist avian species may be affected by fire. Furthermore, the effects of wildfires on stage-specific reproductive parameters show that an avian species that inhabits woodlands regains its full productivity only when its habitat has completely recovered from fire.

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Multiple nesting attempts and long breeding seasons of Mimus gilvus (Aves: Mimidae) in southeastern Brazil

Zoologia (Curitiba) ◽

10.3897/zoologia.36.e25717 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rodrigo Morais ◽

Luiz Carlos Araújo ◽

Gleidson Ramos Silva ◽

Charles Duca

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Clutch Size ◽

Plant Species ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Good Choice ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Breeding Period ◽

Breeding Parameters ◽

The Mean ◽

Breeding Seasons

This study describes aspects of the life history of the Tropical MockingbirdMimusgilvus(Vieillot, 1808), including the breeding period, clutch size, nestlings and a list of plants used for nesting. Nests were monitored in an area of Restinga (sand-coastal plain) habitat in a protected area in southeastern Brazil. The data from 181 nests during five breeding seasons (2010-2014) showed that the Tropical Mockingbird has a long breeding season (26.1 ± 2.6 weeks) with up to two peaks of active nests from August to March. The breeding pairs made up to four nesting attempts in the same breeding season. The mean (± SD) clutch size was 2.4 ± 0.6 eggs (n = 169). The mean (± SD) incubation period was 14 ± 0.6 days, and the nestling remained in the nest for 14.5 ± 2.2 days. The nests were built on thirty plant species, andProtiumicicariba(DC.) Marchand. was the plant species most commonly used for nesting. The breeding parameters of the Tropical Mockingbird are similar to those of other Mimidae species. The knowledge gained from this study makes the Tropical Mockingbird a good choice for future studies, particularly for testing ecological and evolutionary hypotheses regarding life history attributes, habitat selection and parental investment.

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Instant 99mTc-Labelled Glucoheptonate Kit for Kidney Imaging

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1624139 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 22 (05) ◽

pp. 246-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Al-Hilli ◽

H. M. A. Karim ◽

M. H. S. Al-Hissoni ◽

M. N. Jassim ◽

N. H. Agha

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Organ Distribution ◽

Stable Complex ◽

Scintillation Camera ◽

Ph Adjustment ◽

The Mean ◽

The Stability ◽

Kidney Imaging ◽

Mean Concentration

Gelchromatography column scanning has been used to study the fractions of reduced hydrolyzed 99mTc, 99mTc-pertechnetate and 99mTc-chelate in a 99mTc-glucoheptonate (GH) preparation. A stable high labelling yield of 99mTc-GH complex in the radiopharmaceutical has been obtained with a concentration of 40-50 mg of glucoheptonic acid-calcium salt and not less than 0.45 mg of SnCl2 2 H2O at an optimal pH between 6.5 and 7.0. The stability of the complex has been found significantly affected when sodium hydroxide solution was used for the pH adjustment. However, an alternative procedure for final pH adjustment of the preparation has been investigated providing a stable complex for the usual period of time prior to the injection. The organ distribution and the blood clearance data of 99mTc-GH in rabbits were relatively similar to those reported earlier. The mean concentration of the radiopharmaceutical in both kidneys has been studied in normal subjects for one hour with a scintillation camera and the results were satisfactory.

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PROGESTERONE IN THE HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN THE PREOVULATORY PERIOD OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0550091 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 91-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Benno Runnebaum ◽

Josef Zander

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Corpus Luteum ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Human Peripheral Blood ◽

Progesterone Concentration ◽

Plasma Progesterone ◽

Progesterone Secretion ◽

Graafian Follicle ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT Progesterone was determined and identified in human peripheral blood during the preovulatory period of the menstrual cycle, by combined isotope derivative and recrystallization analysis. The mean concentration of progesterone in 1.095 ml of plasma obtained 9 days before ovulation was 0.084 μg/100 ml. However, the mean concentration of progesterone in 1.122 ml of plasma obtained 4 days before ovulation was 0.279 μg/100 ml. These data demonstrate a source of progesterone secretion other than the corpus luteum. The higher plasma-progesterone concentration 4 days before ovulation may indicate progesterone secretion of the ripening Graafian follicle of the ovary.

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Nidicolous beetle species richness is driven by Barn Owl’s nests occupancy and landscape structure

Journal of Ornithology ◽

10.1007/s10336-021-01875-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vivien Cosandey ◽

Robin Séchaud ◽

Paul Béziers ◽

Yannick Chittaro ◽

Andreas Sanchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Landscape Structure ◽

Barn Owl ◽

Arthropod Community ◽

Tyto Alba ◽

Nest Material ◽

Crop Fields ◽

Nest Boxes ◽

Bird Droppings ◽

Barn Owls

AbstractBird nests are specialized habitats because of their particular composition including nest detritus and bird droppings. In consequence, they attract a specialized arthropod community considered as nidicolous, which includes species only found in bird nests (strictly nidicolous) or sometimes found in bird nests (facultatively nidicolous). Because the factors influencing the entomofauna in bird nests are poorly understood, in autumn 2019, we collected nest material in 86 Barn Owl (Tyto alba) nest boxes. We investigated whether the invertebrate species richness was related to Barn Owl nest box occupancy, the density of available nest boxes and the landscape structure. We found 3,321 nidicolous beetle specimens belonging to 24 species. Species richness of strictly nidicolous beetles was 2.7 times higher in nest boxes occupied by a family of Barn Owls the previous spring compared to unoccupied nest boxes. It was also higher in sites that were more often occupied by Barn Owls in the five previous years and in areas surrounded by a higher proportion of crop fields. For facultatively nidicolous beetles, the density of Barn Owl nest boxes enhanced the species richness. In conclusion, our study suggests that the strictly nidicolous beetles benefit from occupied nest boxes of Barn Owls, whereas facultatively nidicolous beetles look for nest boxes independently of whether Barn Owls occupy them. Our study highlights the importance of bird nests for a suite of invertebrates.

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The Relationship between Inflammation Markers (CRP, IL-6, sCD40L) and Colorectal Cancer Stage, Grade, Size and Location

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11081382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1382

Author(s):

Olga Martyna Koper-Lenkiewicz ◽

Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska ◽

Anna Justyna Milewska ◽

Justyna Zińczuk ◽

Joanna Kamińska

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Tumor Size ◽

Distal Colon ◽

Proximal Colon ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Grade Group ◽

Who Grade ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Concentration

The aim of the study was the evaluation whether in primary colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (n = 55): age, sex, TNM classification results, WHO grade, tumor location (proximal colon, distal colon, rectum), tumor size, platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), mean platelet component (MCP), levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA 19-9), as well as soluble lectin adhesion molecules (L-, E-, and P-selectins) may influence circulating inflammatory biomarkers: IL-6, CRP, and sCD40L. We found that CRP concentration evaluation in routine clinical practice may have an advantage as a prognostic biomarker in CRC patients, as this protein the most comprehensively reflects clinicopathological features of the tumor. Univariate linear regression analysis revealed that in CRC patients: (1) with an increase in PLT by 10 × 103/μL, the mean concentration of CRP increases by 3.4%; (2) with an increase in CA 19-9 of 1 U/mL, the mean concentration of CRP increases by 0.7%; (3) with the WHO 2 grade, the mean CRP concentration increases 3.631 times relative to the WHO 1 grade group; (4) with the WHO 3 grade, the mean CRP concentration increases by 4.916 times relative to the WHO 1 grade group; (5) with metastases (T1-4N+M+) the mean CRP concentration increases 4.183 times compared to non-metastatic patients (T1-4N0M0); (6) with a tumor located in the proximal colon, the mean concentration of CRP increases 2.175 times compared to a tumor located in the distal colon; (7) in patients with tumor size > 3 cm, the CRP concentration is about 2 times higher than in patients with tumor size ≤ 3 cm. In the multivariate linear regression model, the variables that influence the mean CRP value in CRC patients included: WHO grade and tumor localization. R2 for the created model equals 0.50, which indicates that this model explains 50% of the variance in the dependent variable. In CRC subjects: (1) with the WHO 2 grade, the mean CRP concentration rises 3.924 times relative to the WHO 1 grade; (2) with the WHO 3 grade, the mean CRP concentration increases 4.721 times in relation to the WHO 1 grade; (3) with a tumor located in the rectum, the mean CRP concentration rises 2.139 times compared to a tumor located in the distal colon; (4) with a tumor located in the proximal colon, the mean concentration of CRP increases 1.998 times compared to the tumor located in the distal colon; if other model parameters are fixed.

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