Assessing the Suitability of Morphological and Phenological Traits to Screen Sesame Genotypes for Fusarium Wilt and Charcoal Rot Disease Resistance

Since sesame accessions differ significantly in many morphological and phenotypical traits, some of these traits could be suitable for direct selection for resistance to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot diseases. Forty-eight sesame accessions that originated from different countries were screened for their reaction to infection by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami (FOS) and Macrophomina phaseolina (MPH), the Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot pathogens, respectively, in 2005 and 2006. The level of infection and seed yield were measured. Number of branches and days to maturity as morphological traits and seed color as phenotypical trait, which represent some of the diversity among the accessions, were tested for possible correlation with infection percentage. We found that 57, 67 and 67% in 2005, and 77, 77 and 62% in 2006 of the accessions resistant to FOS, and 68, 77 and 64% in 2005, and 80, 76 and 60% in 2006 of the accessions resistant to MPH had a medium branch number, medium maturity and creamy seed colour. According to the analysis of regression, branch number and seed colour were significantly correlated with infection percentages by FOS and/or MPH. Therefore, these traits may be used for direct selection of sesame accessions that are resistant to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot disease. However, no significant correlations were found between days to maturity and infection percentage by both fungi. Linear regression between infection percentage and three groups of branch number and seed colour indicated that the accessions with medium branch number and creamy or white seed colour were the only covariate which significantly correlated with the infection percentage by FOS and/or MPH.

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The Mechanism of Sesame Resistance Against Macrophomina Phaseolina Was Revealed via Comparison of Transcriptomes of Resistant and Susceptible Sesame Genotypes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-117879/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wenqing Yan ◽

Yunxia Ni ◽

Xintao Liu ◽

Hui Zhao ◽

Yanhua Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Molecular Mechanism ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Mechanism Of Interaction ◽

Sesame Genotypes ◽

Core Genes

Abstract Background: Sesame (sesamum indicum) charcoal rot, a destructive fungal disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid (MP), is a great threat to the yield and quality of sesame. However, there is a lack of information revealing gene-for-gene relationship between sesame and MP, and the molecular mechanism in the interaction is not yet clear. The aim of this study is to interpret the molecular mechanism of sesame resistance against MP in disease-resistant (DR) and disease-susceptible (DS) genotypes based on transcriptomes, which is the first report on the interaction between sesame and MP from the transcriptomes.Results: A set of core genes that function in sesame disease resistance were revealed in our investigation by comparative transcriptomics, which preferentially associate with GO terms such as ribosome-related processes, fruit ripening, regulation of jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway and cell-cell signaling. In addition, 52 potential resistance-related genes differentially and persistently expressed all through were obtained in sesame. Furthermore, we preliminarily studied the immune response mechanism of sesame against MP and found that auxin signal pathway shows negative regulation in the process. Also, the most highlighted pathway JA/ET signal transduction plays a negative regulatory role in sesame resistance against MP. Finally, a JAZ gene (LOC105168467) and an ERF transcription factor (LOC105171710) that may be related to disease resistance were screened. Conclusions: In our investigation, the mechanism of resistance against MP from the transcriptomes were illustrated, which is a complex bioprocess involved in many phytohormones and disease resistance-related genes. The findings not only shed more light on mechanism of interaction between sesame and MP, but also help us identify key genes and transcription factors (TFs) associated with charcoal rot resistance in sesame.

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Association Analysis of Charcoal Rot Disease Resistance in Soybean

The Plant Pathology Journal ◽

10.5423/ppj.oa.12.2018.0283 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 189-199

Author(s):

Ali Ghorbanipour ◽

Babak Rabiei ◽

Siamak Rahmanpour ◽

Seyed Akbar Khodaparast

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Association Analysis ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Rot Disease

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Reaction and Performance of Some Sesame Genotypes for Resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina, the Incitant of Charcoal Rot Disease

Alexandria Science Exchange Journal An International Quarterly Journal of Science Agricultural Environments ◽

10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2019.26294 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (JANUARY- MARCH) ◽

pp. 12-18

Author(s):

Ismail Bedawy ◽

Moustafa Moharm

Keyword(s):

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Rot Disease ◽

And Performance ◽

Sesame Genotypes

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Toxin Production in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Plants with Charcoal Rot Disease and by Macrophomina phaseolina, the Fungus that Causes the Disease

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins11110645 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 645 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hamed K. Abbas ◽

Nacer Bellaloui ◽

Cesare Accinelli ◽

James R. Smith ◽

W. Thomas Shier

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Leaf Disc ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Wide Range ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Rot Disease

Charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, results in major economic losses in soybean production in southern USA. M. phaseolina has been proposed to use the toxin (-)-botryodiplodin in its root infection mechanism to create a necrotic zone in root tissue through which fungal hyphae can readily enter the plant. The majority (51.4%) of M. phaseolina isolates from plants with charcoal rot disease produced a wide range of (-)-botryodiplodin concentrations in a culture medium (0.14–6.11 µg/mL), 37.8% produced traces below the limit of quantification (0.01 µg/mL), and 10.8% produced no detectable (-)-botryodiplodin. Some culture media with traces or no (-)-botryodiplodin were nevertheless strongly phytotoxic in soybean leaf disc cultures, consistent with the production of another unidentified toxin(s). Widely ranging (-)-botryodiplodin levels (traces to 3.14 µg/g) were also observed in the roots, but not in the aerial parts, of soybean plants naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. This is the first report of (-)-botryodiplodin in plant tissues naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. No phaseolinone was detected in M. phaseolina culture media or naturally infected soybean tissues. These results are consistent with (-)-botryodiplodin playing a role in the pathology of some, but not all, M. phaseolina isolates from soybeans with charcoal rot disease in southern USA.

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Analysis of Environmental Variables and Carbon Input on Soil Microbiome, Metabolome and Disease Control Efficacy in Strawberry Attributable to Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9081638 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1638

Author(s):

Shashika S. Hewavitharana ◽

Emmi Klarer ◽

Joji Muramoto ◽

Carol Shennan ◽

Mark Mazzola

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Environmental Variables ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Soil Disinfestation ◽

Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation ◽

Input Type ◽

Incubation Duration

Charcoal rot and Fusarium wilt, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, respectively, are major soil-borne diseases of strawberry that have caused significant crop losses in California. Anaerobic soil disinfestation has been studied as an industry-level option to replace soil fumigants to manage these serious diseases. Studies were conducted to discern whether Gramineae carbon input type, incubation temperature, or incubation duration influences the efficacy of this disease control tactic. In experiments conducted using ‘low rate’ amendment applications at moderate day/night temperatures (24/18 °C), and carbon inputs (orchard grass, wheat, and rice bran) induced an initial proliferation and subsequent decline in soil density of the Fusarium wilt pathogen. This trend coincided with the onset of anaerobic conditions and a corresponding generation of various anti-fungal compounds, including volatile organic acids, hydrocarbons, and sulfur compounds. Generation of these metabolites was associated with increases in populations of Clostridium spp. Overall, carbon input and incubation temperature, but not incubation duration, significantly influenced disease suppression. All Gramineae carbon inputs altered the soil microbiome and metabolome in a similar fashion, though the timing and maximum yield of specific metabolites varied with input type. Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot suppression were superior when anaerobic soil disinfestation was conducted using standard amendment rates of 20 t ha−1 at elevated temperatures combined with a 3-week incubation period. Findings indicate that anaerobic soil disinfestation can be further optimized by modulating carbon source and incubation temperature, allowing the maximum generation of antifungal toxic volatile compounds. Outcomes also indicate that carbon input and environmental variables may influence treatment efficacy in a target pathogen-dependent manner which will require pathogen-specific optimization of treatment protocols.

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