scholarly journals Evaluation of Efficacy of Paecilomyces Lilacinus as Biological Control Agent of Meloidogyne Incognita Attacking Tomato

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Oclarit ◽  
Christian Cumagun
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Paecilomyces Lilacinus ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Root Sample ◽  
Gall Index

Evaluation of Efficacy of Paecilomyces Lilacinus as Biological Control Agent of Meloidogyne Incognita Attacking Tomato The efficacy of Paecilomyces lilacinus strain UP1 as biological control agent of Meloidogyne incognita attacking tomato was evaluated under screenhouse condition pot experiments. P. lilacinus was formulated on rice substrate in powder form. Root weight, gall index rating, number of galls, egg masses and nematodes per one gram root sample were determined and per cent reduction in gall number was computed. Root weight and gall index ratings were significantly higher in untreated plants than those with P. lilacinus and with the commercial fungicide Nemacur. Number of galls, nematodes and egg masses per one gram root sample were significantly reduced by the application of P. lilacinus at all levels and this was comparable with Nemacur. However, egg mass count in plants treated with the lowest concentration of the biocontrol agent was not significantly different from the uninoculated control. Per cent reduction in gall number was the highest at treatment with 7.92 × 106 spores per ml of P. lilacinus.

Oviposition Site Preferences ofGalerucella calmariensisandG. pusilla, Biological Control Agents of Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory John Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Oviposition Site ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Biological Weed Control ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Site Preferences

Oviposition site preferences forGalerucella calmariensisandG. pusilla, biological weed control agents against purple loosestrife, were examined in 1994 and 1995. The leaves, stems, axils, and flower buds (G. pusilladid not oviposit on flower buds) were found to be the preferred oviposition sites. Oviposited egg masses may be used as a parameter within a biological control monitoring plan, providing information onGalerucellaestablishment and/or presence, estimating future population size, and providing biological control agent dispersal information. Monitoring for egg masses should concentrate on host plant leaves, where over 56% of all egg masses were oviposited.

A case of ecological specialization in ladybirds:Iberorhyzobius rondensis(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), potential biocontrol agent ofMatsucoccus feytaudi(Hemiptera: Matsucoccidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tavares ◽  
H. Jactel ◽  
I. van Halder ◽  
Z. Mendel ◽  
M. Branco
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
The North ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent

AbstractSpecialization is an important attribute of a biological control agent. The maritime pine bast scale,Matsucoccus feytaudiDucasse (Hemiptera Matsucoccidae), is an invasive species in Southeast France and the North of Italy.Iberorhyzobius rondensisEizaguirre (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is a recently described ladybird species. Both adults and larvae are predaceous, feeding on egg masses ofM. feytaudi, and are strongly attracted toM. feytaudi’s sex pheromone. To evaluate the potential ofI. rondensisas a biocontrol agent of the scale, we studied its niche breadth and prey range with emphasis on pine forests and hemipterans as tested prey. In this study,I. rondensiswas found to achieve complete development only when fed onM. feytaudiegg masses (92.9% survival) and an artificial prey: eggs ofEphestia kuehniellaZeller (27.6% survival). From the 2nd instar onwards, complete development could be achieved using other prey species, although larvae had significantly higher mortality and slower development. In choice tests,M. feytaudiwas the preferred prey. Surveys of the ladybird populations in the Iberian Peninsula revealed that it was found exclusively onPinus pinasterAiton, the sole host ofM. feytaudi. The unusual specialization ofI. rondensis, among other predaceous ladybirds, makes it an appropriate candidate for classical biological control ofM. feytaudi.

scholarly journals First detection of the samurai wasp, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Abram ◽  
Elijah J. Talamas ◽  
Susanna Acheampong ◽  
Peter G. Mason ◽  
Tara D. Gariepy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Regulatory Review

We report the first detection of Trissolcusjaponicus, an exotic Asian egg parasitoid and the primary candidate for classical biological control of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorphahalys, in Canada. Twenty-eight Trissolcusjaponicus emerged from an H.halys egg mass from a site heavily infested by H.halys in Chilliwack, British Columbia, in 2018. This egg mass was deployed and retrieved as part of ongoing sentinel egg mass surveys for natural enemies of H.halys from 2017–2018 in coastal and interior British Columbia (total of 1,496 egg clusters at 16 sites). The identification of T.japonicus was based on biology (high levels of successful emergence from H.halys eggs), morphology, and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Trissolcusjaponicus was not detected at any other survey sites in 2017–2018; however, three species of indigenous egg parasitoids were found attending or emerging from H.halys egg masses at low levels (<4%) at several sites. The origin of the detected T.japonicus, the extent of its establishment in British Columbia, and its ultimate impact on H.halys populations remain to be determined. Nonetheless, the detection of this exotic biological control agent in Canada concurrently with regulatory review of its intentional importation and release is emblematic of the current uncertainty around regulatory control on the movement of biological control agents across borders.

Effects on Meloidogyne incognita of chitinase, glucanase and a secondary metabolite from Streptomyces cacaoi GY525

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geun Young Yoon ◽  
Yong Seong Lee ◽  
So Yeon Lee ◽  
Ro Dong Park ◽  
Hae Nam Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Stage Juvenile

Streptomyces cacaoi GY525, isolated from liquid compost containing crab shell powder, produced a secondary metabolite 3-benzyl-1,4-diaza-2,5-dioxobicyclo[4.3.0]nonane (BDDB) and lytic enzymes including chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. To examine the effect of the bacterial culture filtrate (CF) and BDDB on mortality of second-stage juvenile (J2) and hatch inhibition of Meloidogyne incognita, different concentrations of them were added in 24-well plates containing ca 250 eggs and 250 J2, respectively. With increasing concentrations of CF and BDDB mortality of J2 increased while hatch decreased. In pot trials, tomato plants were treated with the GY525 culture (SC), culture medium (CM), commercial nematicide (5% ethoprophos) (CN) and combination of CN and SC (CN+SC). Tap water (TW) was used as a control. During the experimental periods, growth of tomato plants treated with SC markedly increased compared with TW and CN treatments. After 7 weeks the number of egg masses in TW was over 220, while that in SC was around 40 per plant. Population of J2 in soil and the number of egg masses in plant roots in SC, CN+SC and CN were significantly lower than those in TW and CM. Our results suggest that S. cacaoi GY525 has potential as a biological control agent against root-knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Isolation and effect of Trichoderma citrinoviride Snef1910 for the biological control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Fan ◽  
Meiling Yao ◽  
Haiming Wang ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Trichoderma Citrinoviride

Abstract Background Root-knot nematode is one of the most significant diseases of vegetable crops in the world. Biological control with microbial antagonists has been emerged as a promising and eco-friendly treatment to control pathogens. The aim of this study was to screen and identify novel biocontrol agents against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Results A total of 890 fungal isolates were obtained from rhizosphere soil of different crops and screened by nematicidal activity assays. Snef1910 strain showed high virulence against second stage juveniles (J2s) of M. incognita and identified as Trichoderma citrinoviride by morphology analysis and biomolecular assay. Furthermore, T. citrinoviride Snef1910 significantly inhibited egg hatching with the hatching inhibition percentages of 90.27, 77.50, and 67.06% at 48, 72, and 96 h after the treatment, respectively. The results of pot experiment showed that the metabolites of T. citrinoviride Snef1910 significantly decreased the number of root galls, J2s, and nematode egg masses and J2s population density in soil and significantly promoted the growth of tomato plants. In the field experiment, the biocontrol application showed that the control efficacy of T. citrinoviride Snef1910 against root-knot nematode was more than 50%. Meanwhile, T. citrinoviride Snef1910 increased the tomato plant biomass. Conclusions T. citrinoviride strain Snef1910 could be used as a potential biological control agent against root-knot nematode, M. incognita.

scholarly journals Effect of Meloidogyne incognita Inoculum Density and Application Rate of Paecilomyces lilacinus Strain 251 on Biocontrol Efficacy and Colonization of Egg Masses Analyzed by Real-Time Quantitative PCR

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kiewnick ◽  
S. Neumann ◽  
R. A. Sikora ◽  
J. E. Frey
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Paecilomyces Lilacinus ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Biocontrol Efficacy

The fungal biocontrol agent, Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 (PL251), was evaluated for its potential to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on tomato at varying application rates and inoculum densities. Conversely to previous studies, significant dose-response relationships could not be established. However, we demonstrated that a preplanting soil treatment with the lowest dose of commercially formulated PL251 (2 × 105 CFU/g soil) was already sufficient to reduce root galling by 45% and number of egg masses by 69% when averaged over inoculum densities of 100 to 1,600 eggs and infective juveniles per 100 cm3 of soil. To determine the role of colonization of M. incognita egg masses by PL251 for biocontrol efficacy, a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with a detection limit of 10 CFU/egg mass was used. Real-time PCR revealed a significant relationship between egg mass colonization by PL251 and the dose of product applied to soil but no correlation was found between fungal density and biocontrol efficacy or nematode inoculum level. These results demonstrate that rhizosphere competence is not the key mode of action for PL251 in controlling M. incognita on tomato.

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