Effects on Meloidogyne incognita of chitinase, glucanase and a secondary metabolite from Streptomyces cacaoi GY525

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geun Young Yoon ◽  
Yong Seong Lee ◽  
So Yeon Lee ◽  
Ro Dong Park ◽  
Hae Nam Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Stage Juvenile

Streptomyces cacaoi GY525, isolated from liquid compost containing crab shell powder, produced a secondary metabolite 3-benzyl-1,4-diaza-2,5-dioxobicyclo[4.3.0]nonane (BDDB) and lytic enzymes including chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. To examine the effect of the bacterial culture filtrate (CF) and BDDB on mortality of second-stage juvenile (J2) and hatch inhibition of Meloidogyne incognita, different concentrations of them were added in 24-well plates containing ca 250 eggs and 250 J2, respectively. With increasing concentrations of CF and BDDB mortality of J2 increased while hatch decreased. In pot trials, tomato plants were treated with the GY525 culture (SC), culture medium (CM), commercial nematicide (5% ethoprophos) (CN) and combination of CN and SC (CN+SC). Tap water (TW) was used as a control. During the experimental periods, growth of tomato plants treated with SC markedly increased compared with TW and CN treatments. After 7 weeks the number of egg masses in TW was over 220, while that in SC was around 40 per plant. Population of J2 in soil and the number of egg masses in plant roots in SC, CN+SC and CN were significantly lower than those in TW and CM. Our results suggest that S. cacaoi GY525 has potential as a biological control agent against root-knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Efficacy of Paecilomyces Lilacinus as Biological Control Agent of Meloidogyne Incognita Attacking Tomato

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Oclarit ◽  
Christian Cumagun
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Paecilomyces Lilacinus ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Root Sample ◽  
Gall Index

Evaluation of Efficacy of Paecilomyces Lilacinus as Biological Control Agent of Meloidogyne Incognita Attacking Tomato The efficacy of Paecilomyces lilacinus strain UP1 as biological control agent of Meloidogyne incognita attacking tomato was evaluated under screenhouse condition pot experiments. P. lilacinus was formulated on rice substrate in powder form. Root weight, gall index rating, number of galls, egg masses and nematodes per one gram root sample were determined and per cent reduction in gall number was computed. Root weight and gall index ratings were significantly higher in untreated plants than those with P. lilacinus and with the commercial fungicide Nemacur. Number of galls, nematodes and egg masses per one gram root sample were significantly reduced by the application of P. lilacinus at all levels and this was comparable with Nemacur. However, egg mass count in plants treated with the lowest concentration of the biocontrol agent was not significantly different from the uninoculated control. Per cent reduction in gall number was the highest at treatment with 7.92 × 106 spores per ml of P. lilacinus.

scholarly journals Isolation and effect of Trichoderma citrinoviride Snef1910 for the biological control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Fan ◽  
Meiling Yao ◽  
Haiming Wang ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Trichoderma Citrinoviride

Abstract Background Root-knot nematode is one of the most significant diseases of vegetable crops in the world. Biological control with microbial antagonists has been emerged as a promising and eco-friendly treatment to control pathogens. The aim of this study was to screen and identify novel biocontrol agents against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Results A total of 890 fungal isolates were obtained from rhizosphere soil of different crops and screened by nematicidal activity assays. Snef1910 strain showed high virulence against second stage juveniles (J2s) of M. incognita and identified as Trichoderma citrinoviride by morphology analysis and biomolecular assay. Furthermore, T. citrinoviride Snef1910 significantly inhibited egg hatching with the hatching inhibition percentages of 90.27, 77.50, and 67.06% at 48, 72, and 96 h after the treatment, respectively. The results of pot experiment showed that the metabolites of T. citrinoviride Snef1910 significantly decreased the number of root galls, J2s, and nematode egg masses and J2s population density in soil and significantly promoted the growth of tomato plants. In the field experiment, the biocontrol application showed that the control efficacy of T. citrinoviride Snef1910 against root-knot nematode was more than 50%. Meanwhile, T. citrinoviride Snef1910 increased the tomato plant biomass. Conclusions T. citrinoviride strain Snef1910 could be used as a potential biological control agent against root-knot nematode, M. incognita.

Biocontrol potential of Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, causing disease in tomato

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Seong Lee ◽  
Muhammad Anees ◽  
Hae Nam Hyun ◽  
Kil Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid

Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 is an antagonistic bacterial strain that was previously isolated from the rhizosphere soil of pepper and showed an enhanced ability to produce lytic enzymes as well as an antibiotic that was identified as 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPAA). In the present study, nematicidal activity of the strain and 4-HPAA against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, causing disease in tomato was investigated in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. For this purpose, adding different concentrations of culture filtrate, crude extract collected from extraction with ethyl acetate and 4-HPAA, in 24-well plates containing ca 500 eggs or 300 second-stage juveniles (J2), significantly decreased the rate of nematode hatch and caused higher mortality of J2 compared with the control treatments. Nematicidal activity of the bacterial strain was further confirmed by conducting pot experiments in which tomato plants were inoculated with M. incognita and the HS124 culture (BC). The control pots were treated with commercial nematicide (CN, 5% Ethoprophos), tap water (TW) or the non-inoculated bacterial culture medium (BCM). In these pot experiments, results demonstrated a strong antagonistic potential of L. antibioticus HS124 against M. incognita where the disease was significantly reduced in the pots treated with BC as compared to TW or BCM. Furthermore, the shoot fresh weight was also increased significantly, which may be attributed to the disease control ability of the strain. Hence, L. antibioticus HS124 may be further developed as a potential biocontrol of root knot nematode in the field.

Oviposition Site Preferences ofGalerucella calmariensisandG. pusilla, Biological Control Agents of Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory John Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Oviposition Site ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Biological Weed Control ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Site Preferences

Oviposition site preferences forGalerucella calmariensisandG. pusilla, biological weed control agents against purple loosestrife, were examined in 1994 and 1995. The leaves, stems, axils, and flower buds (G. pusilladid not oviposit on flower buds) were found to be the preferred oviposition sites. Oviposited egg masses may be used as a parameter within a biological control monitoring plan, providing information onGalerucellaestablishment and/or presence, estimating future population size, and providing biological control agent dispersal information. Monitoring for egg masses should concentrate on host plant leaves, where over 56% of all egg masses were oviposited.

Integrated approach for the management of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, on eggplant under field conditions

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyandra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Natural Infestation

A 2-year field study was conducted to develop an eco-friendly field application method for controlling root-knot disease of eggplant (Solanum melongena). The test sites were heavily infested with the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The efficacy of neem cake (1.5 t ha−1), talc-based preparations of Pseudomonas fluorescens (10 kg ha−1) and Trichoderma harzianum (10 kg ha−1) as soil application and seed treatment (10 g (kg seed)−1) were tested to develop an integrated nematode management module against M. incognita infecting eggplant. Neem cake, P. fluorescens and T. harzianum alone and in combinations significantly reduced the incidence of root-knot disease of eggplant. Fresh and dry weight of shoots were higher in the plant where neem cake, P. fluorescens and T. harzianum had been applied, than in both M. incognita-infected plants and other treatments. The best protection of disease, in terms of reduction in number of galls (81%) and reproductive factor (Pf∕Pi < 0.5) of the nematode, was achieved through this treatment. It also enhanced yield of eggplant by up to 70%. It is suggested that integrated approach using organic amendment with bio-control agents to manage root-knot disease of eggplant under natural infestation is not only environmentally friendly but also more beneficial to growers. This approach also has potential for overcoming some of the efficacy problems that occur with application of individual biological control agent.

scholarly journals Dispersal of Spores of Fusarium culmorum in Aquatic Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Smither-Kopperl ◽  
R. Charudattan ◽  
R. D. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Water Movement ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Electrostatic Charges ◽  
Lateral Dispersal

The dispersal of spores of Fusarium culmorum, a biological control agent for the aquatic weed Hydrilla verticillata, was investigated in aquatic systems. Macroconidia and chlamydospores that were applied to the surface of the liquid settled rapidly in deionized water, tap water, 5% Hoagland's solution, natural spring water, or river water held in glass containers. The rate of fall, as measured for 50% of the spores, was determined to be 9 cm h-1. Rapid lateral dispersal of spores from a point source occurred in still water. This initial spore movement occurred at a rate of >9 m h-1 (15 cm min-1), approximately 100 times faster than the rate of settlement. The spores attained an even lateral distribution in a still, closed system. Spores dispersed rapidly in moving water and were transported with the water current. Spores were determined to carry positive electrostatic charges as they migrated towards the negative pole during electrophoresis. The physical components of dispersal of F. culmorum spores were defined in a still aquatic system to consist of rapid lateral dispersal and sinking due to gravity. In moving water, the dynamics of water movement was superimposed over the other two factors.

scholarly journals Aphanocladium album by via sub-irrigation in the control of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici and Meloidogyne incognita on tomato in a plastic-house

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sasanelli ◽  
F. Ciccarese ◽  
I. Papajová
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Aphanocladium Album ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Metham Sodium ◽  
Pyrenochaeta Lycopersici

AbstractTwo experiments were carried out to assess the efficacy of different chemicals (azoxystrobin, fosthiazate, metham-sodium) and of the chitinolytic fungus Aphanocladium album (isolate MX-95), that could be alternatives to methyl bromide, against the soil borne pathogen Pyrenochaeta lycopersici and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on tomato in a plastic house in southern Italy. In the first trial, the treatments were azoxystrobin (1.25 l a.i. /ha), fosthiazate (1.5 l a.i. /ha) and biological control agent Aphanocladium album isolate MX-95 (2.5 l/plot at 2×107 CFU/ml; plot surface 96 m2). In the second experiment, treatments were metham-sodium (1000 l c.p./ha) and A. album (5 l/plot at 1×107 CFU/ml). In both trials, chemicals and the fungus were applied by via sub-irrigation. Satisfactory control of the corky root and the root-knot nematode attack and a significant yield increase were obtained by application of azoxystrobin, fosthiazate and metham-sodium. A significant reduction of M. incognita soil population density occurred in plots treated with A. album. Also, high positive correlations were found between the symptoms caused on tomato roots by M. incognita and P. lycopersici.

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