Effect of conventional and whole-tree clear-cutting on concentrations of some micronutrients in coniferous forest soil and plants

Effect of conventional and whole-tree clear-cutting on concentrations of some micronutrients in coniferous forest soil and plants Increasingly intensive and mechanized clear-cutting may deplete the forest ecosystem of essential nutrients. A clear-cut area near Växjö, southern Sweden, was investigated for changes in Mn, Cu and Zn in soil (NH4NO3 extractable and HNO3 soluble) and wavy hair grass (Deschampsia flexuosa) after conventional (CC) and whole-tree clear-cutting (WTC). The soil samples were mostly iron podzols. The area consisted of four clear-cut sites, respectively 2, 4, 6 and 8 years old, and an uncut forest reference stand. Each of the clear-cuts was split in two parts representing WTC and CC sites. Manganese showed the most definite trends after clear-cutting, exhibiting higher extractable concentrations in Oe, Oa and E horizons (4-8 years after clear-cutting) and B horizons (6-8 years after clear-cutting). The increase of exchangeable Mn in the E (2-8 years) and B (4-8 years) horizons was particularly strong. Zn concentrations tended to fluctuate with time. There was a tendency to higher Mn and Zn concentrations in the humus layer especially 2 years after CC-treatment compared with WTC, whereas the opposite trend was apparent for Cu. Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations decreased in Deschampsia flexuosa 2 years after clear-cutting, possibly due to increased soil pH.

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Effects of clear-cutting on the composition of bacterial populations of northern spruce forest soil

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m77-019 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 131-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Seppo Niemelä ◽

Veronica Sundman

Keyword(s):

Forest Soil ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Short Term ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Clear Cutting ◽

Humus Layer

This paper concerns the microbiological part of an investigation, the goal of which is to describe the biological changes in coniferous forest soil upon clear-cutting in a northern (66°20′ N) moraine area where reforestation after clear-cutting had been met with difficulty. The zoological part of the work has been published elsewhere. Clear-cut sites of increasing age (4, 7, and 13 years) were investigated and compared with a forest area where no cutting of timber had been done for 120 years.A total of 684 random isolates of heterotrophic bacteria from pooled samples of the sites investigated were passed through 36 biochemical tests. The data were condensed by the aid of factor analysis, and a comparison of the populations was based on squared Euclidean distances between population centroids in a seven-dimensional factor space.The most marked population changes followed a course in which frequencies of some population characteristics became increasingly different until 7 years after clear-cutting, with regression towards the control clearly evident after 13 years. Disturbances of shorter duration were also relatively common, with maximal changes observed in the 4-year samples, and with a complete recovery after 7 years.The mineral soil populations seemed to undergo greater changes than the humus populations.The most distinct changes believed to be due to clear-cutting were the short-term relative increase of organisms producing acid from sucrose and dissolving CaHPO4, and a long-term increase of lipolytic and caseolytic, rhamnose-negative organisms; both in the mineral soil layer. In the humus layer, a short-term increase of lipolytic and of rhamnose-positive organisms seemed to take place.

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Biomass and nutrient removals by conventional and whole-tree clear-cutting of a red spruce – balsam fir stand in central Nova Scotia

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x81-034 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 250-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

B. Freedman ◽

R. Morash ◽

A. J. Hanson

Keyword(s):

Nova Scotia ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Red Spruce ◽

Balsam Fir ◽

Soil Horizons ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Clear Cutting ◽

Total Pool ◽

Whole Tree

Data are presented of biomass and nutrient removals by conventional and whole-tree clear-cutting of 0.5-ha blocks of an all-aged Picearubens – Abiesbalsamea stand in central Nova Scotia. The biomass yield from the conventional clear-cut plot was 105 200 kg dry weight•ha−1, and the removals of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were 98.2, 16.3, 91.7, 180.9, and 17.0 kg•ha−1 respectively. Biomass removals from the whole-tree clear-cut plot were 152 500 kg dry weight•ha−1, and the removals of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were 239.1, 35.2, 132.6, 336.5, and 36.9 kg•ha−1, respectively. These removals of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg from the whole-tree harvested plot, expressed as percentages of the quantities of these nutrients in the "total" pool within the exploitable soil horizons, were 5.0, 2.8, 1.0, 5.9, and 2.1%, respectively. However, when these removals were expressed relative to the quantities in the "available" soil pools, they were much larger, i.e., 500, 34, 184, 306, and 95% for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively.

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IN SITU NUTRIENT EXTRACTION BY RESIN FROM FORESTED, CLEAR-CUT AND SITE-PREPARED SOIL

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss87-089 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 943-952 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

H. H. KRAUSE ◽

D. RAMLAL

Keyword(s):

Forest Soil ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Ion Exchange Resin ◽

Site Preparation ◽

Tree Planting ◽

Seasonal Effects ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Clear Cutting

Anion and cation resins were tested as sinks for nutrient ions under variable forest soil conditions. The resins, contained in nylon bags, were placed for periods of 4 wk below the forest floor of a softwood stand, and at approximately 7.5 cm depth on an adjacent clearcut with two different types of site preparation for tree planting. The soil was an Orthic Humo-ferric Podzol. Ion sorption below the forest floor, especially the sorption of ammonium, nitrate and phosphate, was strongly increased after clear-cutting of the forest. Sorption rates were generally lower in the mineral soil than immediately below the forest floor, except for nitrate and sulphate. Mixing of forest floor materials and fine logging debris into the mineral surface horizons generally increased resin sorption if compared to sorption in soil from which the forest floor had been removed. Resin sorption also revealed strong seasonal effects which may have been caused by changes in soil temperature and moisture. Key words: Ion exchange resin, forest soil fertility, seasonal nutrient fluctuation, site preparation

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Impoverishment of vegetation in a coniferous forest polluted by copper and zinc

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b88-067 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 417-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Lennart Folkeson ◽

Ewa Andersson-Bringmark

Keyword(s):

Environmental Variables ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Dry Forest ◽

Ground Layer ◽

Hypogymnia Physodes ◽

Deschampsia Flexuosa ◽

Hylocomium Splendens ◽

Remote Sites ◽

Cu And Zn ◽

Successional Communities

Copper and Zn concentrations in raw humus were elevated > 400 and > 80 times, respectively, near an old and a new foundry emitting Cu and Zn but virtually no SO2. Effects on the vegetation were most evident in the ground layer. Four response stages were recognized. (i) Common mosses of mature coniferous forest (Pleurozium schreberi, Hylocomium splendens, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Dicranum polysetum) began to decrease in cover where the Cu and Zn levels in the tissues were 3–5 and 2 times those measured at remote sites, respectively, (ii) Lichens typical of mature dry forest communities (Cladonia subgen. Cladina and C. uncialis) were reduced in cover. (iii) Pioneers typical of successional communities (especially Cladonia subgen. Cladonia) increased slightly in cover, while tolerant mosses retained their cover, (iv) Even the tolerant mosses and lichens disappeared, except for Pohlia nutans. The occurrence of epiphytic lichens decreased. Hypogymnia physodes suffered a reduction in cover and thallus size. The grass Deschampsia flexuosa tended to increase somewhat towards the foundries, but the other field-layer species were unaffected. However, much dead Deschampsia flexuosa has been observed recently close to the new foundry. Environmental variables modified the response of the vegetation to the pollution. Deterioration of the ground layer makes the polluted, thin soil prone to erosion.

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Microfungi in a clear-cut pine forest soil in central Sweden

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b81-179 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 59 (7) ◽

pp. 1331-1337 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

E. Bååth

Keyword(s):

Coniferous Forest ◽

Soil Washing ◽

Principal Component ◽

Organic Soil ◽

Fungal Flora ◽

Atypical Form ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Clear Cutting ◽

Organic Horizons ◽

Pine Forest Soil

The soil microfungal flora was studied during the 3 years following a clear-cutting of a coniferous forest in Central Sweden. The influence of felling residues was also investigated. Fungi were isolated with a soil-washing technique. The most frequently isolated genera were Mortierella, found throughout the soil profile, and Penicillium, mostly isolated in the organic horizons. The fungal flora, as well as the number of isolates per plated particle, differed between the different horizons. Principal-component analysis indicated that the fungal flora was changing in the organic horizons in areas where slash had been removed after the clear-cutting. No obvious changes were found in areas with slash left on the ground or in the mineral horizons. An atypical form of Penicillium brevi-compactum was more often isolated after than before clear-cutting in the organic soil layers. This species was also isolated with high frequency in an adjacent 10-year-old clear-cut area.

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Dynamic and seasonal fluctuations of microarthropod complex in coniferous forest soil

Ekologija ◽

10.2478/v10055-008-0031-z ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 201-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Irena Eitminavičiūtė ◽

Audronė Matusevičiūtė ◽

Algirdas Augustaitis

Keyword(s):

Forest Soil ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Seasonal Fluctuations

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Spatially Continuous Land-Cover Reconstructions Through the Holocene in Southern Sweden

Ecosystems ◽

10.1007/s10021-020-00594-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robert O’Dwyer ◽

Laurent Marquer ◽

Anna-Kari Trondman ◽

Anna Maria Jönsson

Keyword(s):

Land Cover ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Reconstruction Algorithm ◽

Fossil Pollen ◽

Conifer Forest ◽

Southern Sweden ◽

The Holocene ◽

Simple Kriging ◽

Pollen Records

AbstractClimate change and human activities influence the development of ecosystems, with human demand of ecosystem services altering both land use and land cover. Fossil pollen records provide time series of vegetation characteristics, and the aim of this study was to create spatially continuous reconstructions of land cover through the Holocene in southern Sweden. The Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA) was applied to obtain quantitative reconstructions of pollen-based vegetation cover at local scales, accounting for pollen production, dispersal, and deposition mechanisms. Pollen-based local vegetation estimates were produced from 41 fossil pollen records available for the region. A comparison of 17 interpolation methods was made and evaluated by comparing with current land cover. Simple kriging with cokriging using elevation was selected to interpolate the local characteristics of past land cover, to generate more detailed reconstructions of trends and degree of variability in time and space than previous studies based on pollen data representing the regional scale. Since the Mesolithic, two main processes have acted to reshape the land cover of southern Sweden, originally mostly covered by broad-leaved forests. The natural distribution limit of coniferous forest has moved southward during periods with colder climate and retracted northward during warmer periods, and human expansion in the area and agrotechnological developments has led to a gradually more open landscape, reaching maximum openness at the beginning of the 20th century. The recent intensification of agriculture has led to abandonment of less fertile agricultural fields and afforestation with conifer forest.

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Soil acidity in 1970 and 1989 in a coniferous forest in southwest Finland

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s96-099 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 477-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. J. Westman ◽

S. Jauhiainen

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Acidity ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Water Suspension ◽

Ph Values ◽

Humus Layer ◽

Repeated Sampling

Forest soil pH in southwest Finland was measured with identical sampling and analysing methods in 1970 and 1989. The acidity of the organic humus layer increased significantly as pH values measured on water and on salt suspensions decreased between the two sampling dates. For the mineral soil layers, no unambiguous trend was found. pH values measured on salt suspension tended to be unchanged or lower, while pH on water suspension in some soil layers were even higher in 1989 than in 1970. Key words: pH, repeated sampling

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