scholarly journals The Integration of TLS and Continuous GPS to Study Landslide Deformation: A Case Study in Puerto Rico

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wang ◽  
D. Philips ◽  
J. Joyce ◽  
F. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Landslide Deformation ◽  
Continuous Gps

The Integration of TLS and Continuous GPS to Study Landslide Deformation: A Case Study in Puerto RicoTerrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies provide comprehensive information on ground surface deformation in both spatial and temporal domains. These two data sets are critical inputs for geometric and kinematic modeling of landslides. This paper demonstrates an integrated approach in the application of TLS and continuous GPS (CGPS) data sets to the study of an active landslide on a steep mountain slope in the El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico. Major displacements of this landslide in 2004 and 2005 caused the closing of one of three remaining access roads to the national forest. A retaining wall was constructed in 2009 to restrain the landslide and allow the road reopen. However, renewed displacements of the landslide in the first half of 2010 resulted in deformation and the eventual rupture of the retaining wall. Continuous GPS monitoring and two TLS campaigns were performed on the lower portion of the landslide over a three-month period from May to August 2010. The TLS data sets identified the limits and total volume of themoving mass, while the GPS data quantified the magnitude and direction of the displacements. A continuous heavy rainfall in late July 2010 triggered a rapid 2-3 meter displacement of the landslide that finally ruptured the retaining wall. The displacement time series of the rapid displacement is modeled using a fling-step pulse from which precise velocity and acceleration time series of the displacement are derived. The data acquired in this study have demonstrated the effectiveness and power of the integrating TLS and continuous GPS techniques for landslide studies.

scholarly journals GPS measurements on pre-, co- and post-seismic surface deformation at first multi-parametric geophysical observatory, Ghuttu in Garhwal Himalaya, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
P.K. Gautam ◽  
S. Rajesh ◽  
N. Kumar ◽  
C.P. Dabral
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Translational Motion ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Deformation Pattern ◽  
Local Earthquakes ◽  
Position Time Series ◽  
Continuous Gps ◽  
Gps Time Series ◽  
Gps Station

Abstract We investigate the surface deformation pattern of GPS station at MPGO Ghuttu (GHUT) to find out the cause of anomalous behavior in the continuous GPS time series. Seven years (2007-2013) of GPS data has been analyzed using GAMIT/GLOBK software and generated the daily position time series. The horizontal translational motion at GHUT is 43.7 ± 1 mm/yr at an angle of 41°± 3° towards NE, while for the IGS station at LHAZ, the motion is 49.4 ±1 mm/yr at 18 ± 2.5° towards NEE. The estimated velocity at GHUT station with respect to IISC is 12 ± 1 mm/yr towards SW. Besides, we have also examined anomalous changes in the time series of GHUT before, after and during the occurrences of local earthquakes by considering the empirical strain radius; such that, a possible relationship between the strain radius and the occurrences of earthquakes have been explored. We considered seven local earthquakes on the basis of Dobrovolsky strain radius condition having magnitude from 4.5 to 5.7, which occurred from 2007 to 2011. Results show irrespective of the station strain radius, pre-seismic surface deformational anomalies are observed roughly 70 to 80 days before the occurrence of a Moderate or higher magnitude events. This has been observed for the cases of those events originated from the Uttarakashi and the Chamoli seismic zones in the Garhwal and Kumaun Himalaya. Occurrences of short (< 100 days) and long (two years) inter-seismic events in the Garhwal region plausibly regulating and diffusing the regional strain accumulation.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional deformation time series of glacier motion from multiple-aperture DInSAR observation

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 2651-2660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Samsonov
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
The North ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Deformation Component ◽  
3D Deformation

AbstractThe previously presented Multidimensional Small Baseline Subset (MSBAS-2D) technique computes two-dimensional (2D), east and vertical, ground deformation time series from two or more ascending and descending Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) data sets by assuming that the contribution of the north deformation component is negligible. DInSAR data sets can be acquired with different temporal and spatial resolutions, viewing geometries and wavelengths. The MSBAS-2D technique has previously been used for mapping deformation due to mining, urban development, carbon sequestration, permafrost aggradation and pingo growth, and volcanic activities. In the case of glacier ice flow, the north deformation component is often too large to be negligible. Historically, the surface-parallel flow (SPF) constraint was used to compute the static three-dimensional (3D) velocity field at various glaciers. A novel MSBAS-3D technique has been developed for computing 3D deformation time series where the SPF constraint is utilized. This technique is used for mapping 3D deformation at the Barnes Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada, during January–March 2015, and the MSBAS-2D and MSBAS-3D solutions are compared. The MSBAS-3D technique can be used for studying glacier ice flow at other glaciers and other surface deformation processes with large north deformation component, such as landslides. The software implementation of MSBAS-3D technique can be downloaded from http://insar.ca/.

scholarly journals THE COMBINATION OF THE IMAGE AND RANGE-BASED 3D ACQUISITION IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH IN THE ROYAL CASTLE IN WARSAW

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W15 ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
A. Bocheńska ◽  
J. Markiewicz ◽  
S. Łapiński
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Close Range ◽  
3D Acquisition ◽  
Architectural Research

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The paper presents archaeological and architectural research in the Royal Castle in Warsaw where a combination of image- and range-based 3D acquisition was applied. The area examined included excavations situated inside the Tower and near its outer western wall. The work was carried out at various periods and in different weather conditions. As part of the measurements, laser scanning was performed (with a Z+F 5006h scanner) and a series of close-range images were taken. It was important to integrate the data acquired to create a comprehensive documentation of archaeological excavations. When data was acquired from TLS together with photogrammetric data (in different measurement periods), the points' displacements were controlled and analysed. The process of orienting and processing the terrestrial images included photographs taken during the inventory of the tower (Canon 5D Mark II) and photographs provided by the Castle's employees (Canon PowerShot G5 X). Agisoft PhotoScan software was used to orient and process the terrestrial images, and LupoScan for the TLS data. In order to integrate the TLS data and the clouds of points from the photographs from the various stages, they were processed into a raster form; our own software (based on the OpenCV library and the Structure-from-Motion method) and LupoScan software were used to interconnect the multi-temporal and multi-sensor data sets. As a result of processing photographs and TLS data, point clouds in an external reference system were obtained. This data was then used to study the thickness of the walls of the Justice Court Tower, to analyse the course of the retaining wall, and to generate the orthoimages necessary for chronological analysis.</p>

scholarly journals PUTTING ROMAN DAMS IN CONTEXT: A VIRTUAL APPROACH

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W5 ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Decker ◽  
J. P. Du Vernay ◽  
J. B. Mcleod
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Remarkable Case ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
The Mediterranean

Water resources and management have become a critical global issue. During the half-millennium of its existence, the Roman Empire developed numerous strategies to cope with water management, from large-scale urban aqueduct systems, to industrial-scale water mills designed to cope with feeding growing city populations. Roman engineers encountered, adopted, and adapted indigenous hydraulic systems, and left lasting imprints on the landscape of the Mediterranean and temperate Western Europe by employing a range of water technologies. A recent academic study has enabled the identification of remains of and references to seventy-two dams from the Roman era, constructed in Spain between the 1st and 4th century AD. Such unique heritage, without comparisons in the Mediterranean makes Spain an emblematic case study for the analysis of Roman hydraulic engineering and water management policies. Fifty dams have been located and detailed. The twenty-two outstanding, although identified on the ground, have not been able to be acceptably characterized, due in some cases to their being ruins in a highly degraded state, others due to their being masked by repairs and reconstructions subsequent to the Roman era. A good example of such neglected dams is the buttress dam of Consuegra , in Toledo province (Castilla-La Mancha). Dating to the 3rd - 4th century AD, the Dam of Consuegra, on the basin of the Guadiana, with its over 600 metres length and 4,80 metres height, is a remarkable case of Roman engineering mastery. It had a retaining wall upstream, numerous buttresses and perhaps an embankment downstream, of which no remains are left. The application of 3D digital imaging technique to create a high quality virtual model of such monuments has proved to be successful especially for the study of the technological aspects related its construction. The case study of the Roman dam of Muel (Zaragoza) has shown, in fact, as best practices in digital archaeology can provide an original and innovative perspective on a long time studied monument. In this paper it will be explored how deploying recent computer technologies to the Roman dam at Consuegra can advance our understanding of the history of local and regional landscape change and the technology of water management. In summer 2016, the dam has been documented with terrestrial laser scanning with two FARO Focus 3D x330 and aerial photogrammetry image capturing with a DJI Phantom 4 drone. Data was processed in various 3D software applications to generate 3D representations of the dam including 3D point clouds, animations, and meshed models.

scholarly journals Historic maps as a data source for socio-hydrology: a case study of the Lake Balaton wetland system, Hungary

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4589-4606 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zlinszky ◽  
G. Timár
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Wetland Loss ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Lake Balaton ◽  
Hydrological Data ◽  
Historic Maps

Abstract. Socio-hydrology is the science of human influence on hydrology and the influence of the water cycle on human social systems. This newly emerging discipline inherently involves a historic perspective, often focusing on timescales of several centuries. While data on human history is typically available for this time frame, gathering information on the hydrological situation during such a period can prove difficult: measured hydrological data for such long periods are rare, while models and secondary data sets from geomorphology, pedology or archaeology are typically not accurate enough over such a short time. In the first part of this study, the use of historic maps in hydrology is reviewed. Major breakthroughs were the acceptance of historic map content as valid data, the use of preserved features for investigating situations earlier than the map, and the onset of digital georeferencing and data integration. Historic maps can be primary quantitative sources of hydro-geomorphological information, they can provide a context for point-based measurements over larger areas, and they can deliver time series for a better understanding of change scenarios. In the second part, a case study is presented: water level fluctuations of Lake Balaton were reconstructed from maps, levelling logs and other documents. An 18th century map system of the whole 5700 km2 catchment was georeferenced, integrated with two 19th century map systems, and wetlands, forests and open water digitized. Changes in wetland area were compared with lake water level changes in a 220 yr time series. Historic maps show that the water level of the lake was closer to present-day levels than expected, and that wetland loss pre-dates drainage of the lake. The present and future role of historic maps is discussed. Historic hydrological data has to be treated with caution: while it is possible to learn form the past, the assumption that future changes will be like past changes does not always hold. Nevertheless, old maps are relatively accessible data sets and the knowledge base for using them is rapidly growing, and it can be expected that long-term time series will be established by integrating georeferenced map systems over large areas. In the Appendix, a step-by-step guide to using historic maps in hydrology is given, starting from finding a map, through georeferencing and processing the map to publication of the results.

scholarly journals Scale Features of a Network Echo Mechanism: Case Study for the Different Internet Paths

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Teimuraz Matcharashvili ◽  
Archil Prangishvili ◽  
Zurab Tsveraidze ◽  
Levan Laliashvili
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Internet Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Scaling Features ◽  
Detrended Fluctuation

We have investigated dynamics of the Internet performance through the assessment of scaling features of a network ICMP echo mechanism or pinging. Time series of round-trip times (RTT) from the host computer to 5 destination hosts and back, recorded during three consecutive days and nights, have been used. To assess correlation and scaling features of network echo mechanism, we used method of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) for RTT data sets. It was shown that for different, 10 minute long periods of day and night observations, RTT data sets mostly fluctuate within a narrow range, though sometimes we observe strong sharp spikes. RTT variations mostly reveal persistent behavior. DFA fluctuation curves often are characterized by crossovers indication stronger or lesser changes in the dynamics of network performance. Distribution function of DFA scaling exponents of considered RTT time series mostly was asymmetric with long tail on the right hand side. Dynamical changes occurring in the scaling features of Internet network as assessed by RTT fluctuations do not depend on the location of the host and destination nodes. Larger delays in round-trip time responses make the scaling behavior of the RTT series complicated and strongly influence their long range correlation features.

scholarly journals CLUSTERING TIME SERIES OF REPEATED SCAN DATA OF SANDY BEACHES

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W13 ◽  
pp. 1039-1046
Author(s):  
R. Lindenbergh ◽  
S. van der Kleij ◽  
M. Kuschnerus ◽  
S. Vos ◽  
S. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Spatially Correlated ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Year 2000

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Sandy beaches are highly dynamic areas affected by different natural and anthropogenic effects. Large changes, caused by a storm for example, are in general well-understood and easy to measure. Most times, only small changes, at the centimeter scale, are occurring, but these changes accumulate significantly over periods from weeks to months. Laser scanning is a suitable technique to measure such small signals, as it is able to obtain dense 3D terrain data at centimeter level in a time span of minutes. In this work we consider two repeated laser scan data sets of two different beaches in The Netherlands. The first data set is from around the year 2000 and consists of six consecutive yearly airborne laser scan data sets of a beach on Texel. The second data set is from 2017 and consists of 30 consecutive daily terrestrial scans of a beach near The Hague. So far, little work has been done on time series analysis of repeated scan data. To obtain a first grouping of morphologic processes, we propose to use a simple un-supervised clustering approach, k-means clustering, on de-leveled, cumulative point-wise time series. The results for both regions of interest, obtained using k=5 and k=10 clusters, indicate that such clustering gives a meaningful decomposition of the morphological laser scan data into clusters that exhibit similar change patterns. At the same time, we realize that the chosen approach is just a first step in a wide open topic of clustering spatially correlated long time series of morphological laser scan data as are now obtained by permanent laser scanning.</p>

scholarly journals Surface Deformation Retrieving Over Soft Clay Based on an Improved Time Series InSAR Model: A Case Study of Dongting Lake Area, China

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 195703-195720
Author(s):  
Yikai Zhu ◽  
Xuemin Xing ◽  
Zhihui Yuan ◽  
Liang Bao ◽  
Lingjie Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Dongting Lake ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Dongting Lake Area
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