Evaluating the impact of changes in human capital structure on Russia's economic growth dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-222
Author(s):  
Roman M. MEL'NIKOV ◽  
Valentina A. TESLENKO
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article explores the impact of changes in the educational structure of the employed population on the dynamics of economic growth. Objectives. The purpose is to evaluate the impact of changes in the share of employed persons, having secondary vocational and higher education, and researchers with academic degree on the growth rates of the Russian economy. Methods. The study employs the regression analysis of panel data of Russian regions, the specification with a quadratic dependence of economic growth rates on the share of employed persons, having the higher education and secondary vocational education. A fixed-effects model is used to analyze the short-term effects, the sustainability of results, and long-term effects, using the pool models and random effects models. Results. The increase in the share of researchers with academic degree has a positive and significant effect on economic growth, but only if adequate R&D funding is provided. The increase in the share of employed persons with higher education up to thirty percent is accompanied by an increase in the growth rate of real GRP in the long run, however, further expansion of higher education has no positive effect on economic growth. Conclusions. A powerful form of personnel training for Russian high-tech companies is a special model of ‘industrial postgraduate training’, which involves the collaboration of universities with industrial partners.

What precipitates growth in CO2 emissions?

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abimelech Paye Gbatu ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Presley K. Wesseh ◽  
Vamuyan A. Sesay
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Real Output ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The degradation of the natural habitat at the expense of economic development is a harmful growth that warrants environmental policy actions. For instance, the economic impacts of environmental pollution are quite visible in developed and developing economies, where human health is compromised by rapid economic growth and energy induced pollution. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of CO2 emissions on economic development. Design/methodology/approach This paper investigates the correlation between pollutant emissions and key economic variables within the economic community of West African states (ECOWAS) region by applying fixed effects model to unbalanced time-series panel data for the period 1980-2014. This paper examines the full ECOWAS panel and sub-panels with export-and-import-dependent countries. Findings The authors argue that energy consumption (EC) and real output exert causal influences on CO2 emissions for the full ECOWAS panel and the sub-panels with export-and-import-dependent countries. Practical implications The results imply that increase in EC is the main factor that promotes economic growth in the region. Additionally, growth in EC and real output stimulates CO2 emissions growth. Originality/value Therefore, it is argued that technological innovations that increase energy efficiency through new carbon-free technologies that minimize CO2 emissions growth without impairing economic growth and development must be introduced in the region.

scholarly journals The Consequences of Corruption on Economic Growth in Mediterranean Countries: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hicham Boussalham
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This study attempts to assess the impact of corruption on economic growth in the Mediterranean countries, during the period from 1998 to 2007. Econometric analysis using panel regression has been adopted to test this effect. Individual effects models such as random effects model and fixed effects model were applied to the study sample of 160 observations, and to choose the suitable model, we implemented several tests. For our analysis, we used a basic model that includes the dependent variable GDP per capita as a factor of economic growth and the corruption perception index as the independent variable concerned. Then we completed the model with several standardized macroeconomic control variables mentioned above and applied the individual effects models. The outcomes illustrate that corruption has a negative impact on the selected Mediterranean countries’ economic growth.

scholarly journals The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Capital Formation, Inflation, Money Supply and Trade Openness on Economic Growth of Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Xiuyun Yang ◽  
Muhammad Nouman Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Impact

Economic growth is currently an essential phenomenon for emerging countries worldwide and has gained the researchers' intentions. Thus, the current study aims to examine the role of foreign direct investment (FDI), capital formation, inflation, money supply, and trade openness on the economic growth of Asian countries. The data has been extracted from the twenty emerging Asian countries from 2007 to 2018 using the most popular database named World Development Indicators (WDI). The fixed-effects model, along with the robust standard error, has been used for checking the impact of predictors on the economic growth of Asian countries. The results revealed that the predictors such as FDI, capital formation, money supply, and trade openness have positive association with economic growth, while inflation has a negative association with the economic growth of Asian countries. These findings are suitable for the new arrivals who want to examine this area in the future and for the regular traders who want to develop policies related to economic growth.

scholarly journals The Consequences of Corruption on Economic Growth in Mediterranean Countries: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hicham Boussalham
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This study attempts to assess the impact of corruption on economic growth in the Mediterranean countries, during the period from 1998 to 2007. Econometric analysis using panel regression has been adopted to test this effect. Individual effects models such as random effects model and fixed effects model were applied to the study sample of 160 observations, and to choose the suitable model, we implemented several tests. For our analysis, we used a basic model that includes the dependent variable GDP per capita as a factor of economic growth and the corruption perception index as the independent variable concerned. Then we completed the model with several standardized macroeconomic control variables mentioned above and applied the individual effects models. The outcomes illustrate that corruption has a negative impact on the selected Mediterranean countries’ economic growth.

scholarly journals Medium- and High-Tech Export and Renewable Energy Consumption: Non-Linear Evidence from the ASEAN Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4419
Author(s):  
Cong Khai Dinh ◽  
Quang Thanh Ngo ◽  
Trung Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The Impact

Sustaining economic growth while reducing dependence on fossil fuels remains a challenge for our world to fight against climate change and therefore finding a way to promote economic growth and increase renewable energy use is needed. This paper uses a 22-year panel dataset (1994–2015) of 9 countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations provided by the World Bank World Development Indicators to examine the impact of medium- and high-tech export on renewable energy use. We employ a fixed-effects regression model with the Driscoll–Kraay nonparametric covariance matrix estimator to account for sectoral and temporal dependence. We also control for inflation, employment, population growth, and gross domestic product per capita in our estimations. Our results demonstrate a U-shaped association between medium- and high-tech export and renewable energy consumption of these economies. The results propose that enhancing medium- and high-tech export could be a feasible solution for promoting renewable energy consumption.

Can foreign aid contribute to sustained growth? A comparison of selected African and Asian countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-270
Author(s):  
John Adams ◽  
Ola Elassal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Growth Divergence ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

PurposeIdentifying if aid flows have contributed to economic growth or growth divergence between a sample of Asian and African countries is the purpose of this paper. Using data over the period of 1980–2015, the paper attempts to establish whether aid, in any of its forms, has played a role in economic growth in these countries.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive literature analysis over the past 70 years sets the scene for the paper. A panel data fixed-effects model is applied for each sample (Africa and Asia) between 1980 and 2015. Both theoretical predictions and empirical studies are used to derive the independent variables selected for modelling.FindingsThe findings strongly suggest that aid flows in both the Asian and African samples have no relation at all to either long-run growth paths or growth divergence. However, there is a suggestion in the case of the Africa sample that governance decline may well be the primary source of growth divergence.Research limitations/implicationsThis result cannot be generalised because it only focuses on six countries but as demonstrated in the paper, other possible samples (from both regions) actually make no difference to the results. It could also be argued (given the comprehensive literature analysis presented here) that it is not essential to have a theoretical relationship between aid and growth because aid is given to different countries with very different characteristics, needs, governance and policy environments.Practical implicationsDonor countries must play a more supervisory role to ensure aid flows are directed to the right channels in recipient countries. Aid should be given to countries which have a certain degree of macroeconomic stability and “good” policy to ensure effectiveness. They also need to pay attention to the sectoral distribution of aid as do recipient countries to better allocate aid flows to productive sectors that contribute to both short- and long-term growth.Social implicationsThese are not given much emphasis in this paper.Originality/valueMost aid–growth studies are based on a large number of countries from different regions with different characteristics or on a single country case. This paper compares between two samples of countries sharing the same characteristics to overcome the heterogeneity problem. This paper is based on a more protracted time series from 1980 to 2015 to capture more accurately the impact of foreign aid on economic growth.

scholarly journals The Role of Remittances on Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation Of 12 CEE Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altin Gjini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the role of remittances on economic growth in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. The main concern of CEE countries after the collapse of Communism has been to develop strategies for increasing their standard of living to the level of Western countries. Economic growth experienced after 1991 has been impressive for these countries. Factors that have influenced economic growth in developing countries vary from capital investment, to labor surplus, technological change, trade, foreign aid, foreign direct investment, research and development, and institutional factors. This papers main objective is to examine the impact of remittances on economic growth in 12 CEE developing countries[1] using balanced panel data covering the period from 1996?2010. We do this by using a fixed-effects model with heteroscedasticity corrected standard errors. We find that remittances have had negative effects on growth in this area for the period analyzed. Thus, an increase in remittances by 10% decreases the output by about 0.9%. [1] Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia.

The Consequences of Corruption on Economic Growth in Mediterranean Countries: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hicham Boussalham
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This study attempts to assess the impact of corruption on economic growth in the Mediterranean countries, during the period from 1998 to 2007. Econometric analysis using panel regression has been adopted to test this effect. Individual effects models such as random effects model and fixed effects model were applied to the study sample of 160 observations, and to choose the suitable model, we implemented several tests. For our analysis, we used a basic model that includes the dependent variable GDP per capita as a factor of economic growth and the corruption perception index as the independent variable concerned. Then we completed the model with several standardized macroeconomic control variables mentioned above and applied the individual effects models. The outcomes illustrate that corruption has a negative impact on the selected Mediterranean countries’ economic growth.

Heterogeneity perspective effect of environmental regulation on enterprise export products switching: Evidence from Chinese firm-level data

2020 ◽  
pp. 002072092098349
Author(s):  
Yuegang Song ◽  
Xiazhen Hao ◽  
Xin Shen ◽  
Yang Jing
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Chinese Firm ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

Under the constraint of enterprise heterogeneity, environmental regulation will affect the re-allocation of resources among products. Appropriate product switching can make China’s export trade powerful, promote the high-quality development of export trade, and realize the win-win situation between environmental protection and export trade. Based on the related theories of environmental economics and international trade, this paper uses the matching data of China’s industrial enterprises and customs import and export trade in 2000–2013, then uses the fixed-effects model to test a total of 410,326 samples of 114,897 enterprises. We empirically analyzed the impact of environmental regulations on the export products switching from the perspective of heterogeneity. We found that: the intensity of environmental regulations is positively correlated with the total switching rate of export products, the increase rate of export products and the export product obsolescence rate. Environmental regulations have a greater impact on the export products switching of general trade enterprises than on processing trade; the impact on private and foreign enterprises is greater than that on state-owned enterprises; the impact on high-tech enterprises is greater that than on low and medium-tech enterprises; through theoretical analysis and empirical test, this paper reveals the mechanism and its promotion effect of environmental regulations on the export products switching of heterogeneous Chinese enterprises, which provides theoretical and practical support for the enhancement of China’s export products international competitiveness and environmental improvement.

Dampak Kebijakan Moneter Pada Output Di Negara-Negara ASEAN Tahun 1980-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Nur Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
State Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of monetary Policy on Ouput is an ambiguous. The results of previous empirical studies indicate that the impact can be a positive or negative relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of monetary policy on Output more detail. The variables to estimatate monetery poicy are used state and board interest rate andrate. This research is conducted by Ordinary Least Square or Instrumental Variabel, method for 5 countries ASEAN. The state data are estimated for the period of 1980 – 2014. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the impact of monetary policy on Output shown are varied.Keyword: Monetary Policy, Output, Panel Data, Fixed Effects Model

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