Clusters and special economic zones as factors of regional innovation development: A St. Petersburg case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1418-1429
Author(s):  
V.A. Degtereva
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
State Support ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
Economic Zones

Subject. This article discusses the directions and problematic issues of institutional development of special economic zones and clusters in the context of Russia's transition to the digital economy. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the current state and justify the need for institutional development of special economic zones and clusters, considering global trends. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis and synthesis, logical and systems approaches, and theoretical generalization. Results. The article justifies the need for State support for the development of industry and entrepreneurship within clusters and special economic zones. It defines the main problems of institutional development of the areas with special legal status, and their role in stimulating regional innovative development. Conclusions. The cluster approach requires systemic State support. Special economic zones are factors in the development of high-tech industries. This takes on a special urgency in the context of building a digital economy in Russia.

scholarly journals The modern concept of special economic zones in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (52) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Liashenko ◽  
Iryna Pidorycheva ◽  
Ivan Mytsenko ◽  
Nataliia Chebotarova
Keyword(s):  
Modern Concept ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Technological Diversification ◽  
Smart Specialisation ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Economic Zones

Abstract The article deals with special economic zones as a tool of state policy of countries seeking to attract foreign investment and ensure economic growth. The aim of the article is to substantiate the new concept of special economic zones of Ukraine as stimulating regulatory regimes aimed at attracting innovative investments and developing new industries based on the smart specialisation of regions and trends in the world economy. The regime is presented as a system of incentives and benefits, mandatory conditions and restrictions, and seeks to increase the investment attractiveness and technological diversification of the economy of the regions and the country as a whole. Each component of the regime has been classified, taking into account best practices of other countries and the strategic goals of Ukraine regarding the need to ensure sustainable and innovative development and to enter the world markets as a manufacturer of high-tech innovative products.

Upgrading the Chinese Economy by Overhauling Special Economic Zones

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Gebhardt
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Innovation Model ◽  
Economic Zones

In the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011–2015), the Chinese Committee of Science, Technology and Education, the main body for the central government's innovation policy, highlights the strengthening of the scientific–technological base and the upgrading of domestic innovative competences, and places the industrial focus on seven new strategic industries. Available data show that the transition is underway, from a Chinese growth model based on the availability of inexpensive land, investments, exports and a very large low-cost workforce to science-based and innovation-driven growth. However, the poor outcomes from public S&T expenditures suggest that future growth will depend on a different growth formula and that the greatest impact will come from an innovative innovation model. This paper focuses on an emerging Chinese innovation model that applies elements of cluster theory and the regional innovation systems approach to the next development stage of Chinese Special Economic Zones. The model also adopts features of the Triple Helix model of university–industry–government relations such as ‘systemness’ and entrepreneurial universities to enforce regional innovativeness. The author outlines the management and governance challenges associated with the policy objective of moving from imitation to innovation. The paper is based on a study on cluster management for the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) 2009–2013 and on empirical research in collaboration with the Chinese Association of Developmental Zones (CADZ) in 2012. The study used 15 expert interviews with managers of Tianjin Wuqing Development Zone in the Beijing–Tianjin Corridor and with senior officials of CADZ, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Science and Technology, at the Second China German Innovation Forum held in Berlin on 26 and 27 November 2012.

scholarly journals MAIN DIRECTIONS OF STATE SUPPORT IN INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES RESIDENT ORGANIZATIONS OF TECHNOPOLIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Evgenevna Panfilova
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
State Support ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Economic Zones

The article is devoted to the consideration of the principles, methods and mechanisms of state support for industry in "points of growth" - special economic zones. The issues of state innovation policy in relation to small and medium-sized businesses are considered, key features of state support for resident companies are highlighted.

scholarly journals FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE GROWTH POINTS OF ECONOMY: THE EXPERIENCE OF CHINA AND RUSSIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
E. V. Shavina
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
System A ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Innovation Sector ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Innovation Clusters

The article discusses the Chinese and Russian experience in the transition to an innovative economy.Chinais the most successful example in stimulating innovation in the country, effective public administration of the innovation sector and the rapid growth of high-tech industries and number of companies in these industries. The author analyzes the mechanisms by whichChinawas able to reach a new level of technological development. The creation of special economic zones, industrial and innovation clusters, as well as high-tech zones in which technoparks, haxpaces and unicorns were located, served as the basis for the formation ofChina's national innovation system. A well-developed knowledge transfer system in technology based on the «triple helix» model of Henry Izkowitz, which is based on the integration of universities with government and business, has enabledChinato become a leader in science and high technology. Special attention is paid to the Russian practice. The author identifies such rivers of innovative growth of the Russian economy as innovative territorial clusters and technoparks created primarily in special economic zones and territories of advanced socioeconomic development. It is innovative clusters that can be the points of growth of the national economy that will make it possible to effectively use the innovative potential ofRussiato increase its competitiveness in the world.

scholarly journals Local Hegemony: China’s Special Economic Zones in Mauritius and Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Alexander Dmitrievich Nesmashnyi ◽  
Yulia Aleksandrovna Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Development ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Hegemonic Stability ◽  
The Belt And Road

Chinese Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Africa are part of the Belt and Road Initiative. They account for a fledgling research area in International Relations, with not much research on the topic. The authors regard traditional approaches in research of SEZs as incapable of grasping the difference between domestic (designed by the state on its own territory) and foreign (designed by a foreign state) SEZs. The concept of territoriality, though applicable only to foreign SEZs, has little to offer in terms of generating new knowledge. The research paper endeavours to offer new theoretical and conceptual frameworks for the study of foreign SEZs. The research is based on concepts of hegemony by different schools of thought, including Hegemonic Stability Theory, the three types of hegemony by Yan Xuetong and Neo-Gramscianism. The authors introduce the concept of “local hegemony”. The authors also highlight the fact that most foreign SEZs emerge in territories of limited statehood (or create them). In order to prove vitality of the concept, comparative research of China’s SEZs in Mauritius and Zambia is conducted. The authors point out relatively poor institutional development of Zambia and the existence of stable democratic institutions in Mauritius. The success of the Chinese SEZ in Zambia is also partially attributed to copper mining. Deriving from economic and institutional empirical data the authors try to detect success conditions of SEZs and analyze the related spillover effects that contribute to the development of African nations. The reasons behind the failure of the Chinese SEZ in Mauritius are traced. Authors conclude that the concept of local hegemony is suitable for studying foreign SEZs and suggest that zones of local hegemony could be sustainable and effective in terms of development.

scholarly journals Some Aspect of Legal Regulation of Special Economic Zones in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Tarasova ◽  
S.A. Kozhevnikova ◽  
T.S. Bobkova ◽  
O.G. Porunova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Economic Zones

The authors analyze the Russian and international experience of functioning of territories with special legal status. The multiple advantages of establishing and developing of such territories in the country in the short-term and long term are noted. On the basis of the analysis of the Federal Law “About special economic zones in the Russian Federation” and the other normative legal acts, the advantages and the shortcomings of the legal regulation of the creation, management and closing of the special economic zones are revealed. The factors defining a set of privileges for the foreign investors in various territories with special legal status and also the conditions of the effective work of the special economic zone of industrial and production type are considered. The authors support their analysis of the legislation with the description and comparison of economic indicators of work of two special economic zones of industrial and production type in the Volga Federal District. The authors also consider jurisprudence on the controversial issues arising in the connection with the establishment of special economic zones. The article comes to the end with the consideration of possible prospects of the territories with special legal status transformation.

scholarly journals Formation of Scientific and Industrial Complexes in the Digital Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Aleksey G. Boev
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Industrial Complexes

The rapid development of the digital economy determines the need to increase the scientific potential and innovation activity of domestic enterprises. The purpose of the article is to study topical issues of scientific and innovative and institutional development of production in Russia, as well as to substantiate the feasibility of forming scientific and industrial complexes in the industrial sector of the country. The object of research is research and production associations, large industrial enterprises and complexes, elements of innovative infrastructure operating in the digital environment. The scientific novelty of the work consists in determining the content of the scientific and industrial complex as a set of integrated enterprises, scientific organizations, design institutes and service assets that function as a single structure and form a common production and engineering cycle in order to produce competitive high-tech products. The list of advantages of the scientific and practical complex in relation to independent (autonomous) enterprises and other forms of market cooperation of economic entities is defined and justified. The applied significance of the work is to identify and analyze systemic problems that hinder the implementation of the economic, scientific and innovative potential of Russian industry. These include the crisis of the state infrastructure approach to innovative industrial development; the weakening of economic ties between industrial complexes and scientific organizations; reduced investment in enterprise modernization; and the dynamic change in business conditions under the influence of the digital economy. As the results of the research, the article presents a model subject-functional structure and an algorithm for the formation of the scientific and industrial complex, which ensure the integration of the potential of industrial, scientific and infrastructure organizations. The research materials can be used by the management of industrial enterprises and research organizations as a theoretical and methodological, information and analytical base for preparing and implementing reforms in the real sector of the domestic economy.

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