High Accuracy Photogrammetry of Historic Rock Art

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marla MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
3D Models ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Heritage Recording

The petroglyphs of Petroglyph Park, Peterborough, created by the Algonquin Peoples between 900 and 1400 A.D., were documented in 1983 by the Heritage Recording Directorate of theGovernment of Canada. With the aim of rerecording the glyphs again at a later date to monitor the conditions and weathering, several sets of photogrammetric stereo pairs were taken of the site using Zeiss UMK and a Wild P-31 film cameras. After this project was completed, the site became designated as sacred and photography was no longer permitted, thus rendering the completion of a second recording of the site all but impossible. Therefore, the photographs taken of these magnificent petroglyphs in the 1980s are the most recent documentation available. Using the ADAMTech Mine Mapping Suite, developed in Perth Australia for the mining industry, I was able to bring these archival photos to life by creating dense 3D models that rival those produced by LiDAR. I used the photos, digitized in Ottawa on a Wehri RM-6 photogrammetric scanner, to create 3D models of the glyphs. A similar Federal project from Writing on Stone National Park in Alberta also used film photogrammetry to record the glyphs at that site in 1982. From these images as well I was able to compile 3D models. It is hoped that by scanning the original glass-plate negatives from the 1980s, and not the film copies, as we have done thus far for both projects, measurement data of even greater accuracy (down to 60um) and density can be achieved.

scholarly journals A cryptic new species of Chlidonoptera Karsch, 1892 from the south west protected zone of the Central African Republic (Insecta, Mantodea, Hymenopodidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 917 ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
Nicolas Moulin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
National Park ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
History Information ◽  
A New Species

Between 1998 and 2012, several scientific expeditions in Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve and Dzanga-Ndoki National Park led to the collection of many Mantodea specimens from Central African Republic (CAR). Among these specimens, several males of an undescribed species were discovered. Morphologically, this species most closely resembles to Chlidonoptera vexillum Karsch, 1892 and Chlidonoptera lestoni Roy, 1975. A new lineage was revealed by DNA barcoding. Therefore, a new species is described, Chlidonoptera roxanaesp. nov. Habitus images, genitalia illustrations and descriptions, measurement data, a key to species, natural history information, and locality data are provided. These results add to the evidence that cryptic species can be found in tropical regions, a critical issue in efforts to document global species richness. They also illustrate the value of DNA barcoding, especially when coupled with traditional taxonomic tools, in disclosing hidden diversity.

A 3D Optimized Frequency–Wavenumber (FK), Time–Space Optimized Symplectic (TSOS) Hybrid Method for Teleseismic Wave Modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijuan Meng ◽  
Dinghui Yang ◽  
Xingpeng Dong ◽  
Jian Ma
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Seismic Wave ◽  
Hybrid Method ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Memory Requirement ◽  
Time Space

ABSTRACT Although teleseismic waveform tomography can provide high-resolution images of the deep mantle, it is still unrealistic to numerically simulate the whole domain of seismic wave propagation due to the huge amount of computation. In this article, we develop a new three-dimensional hybrid method to address this issue, which couples the modified frequency–wavenumber (FK) method with the 3D time–space optimized symplectic (TSOS) method. First, the FK method, which is used to calculate the semianalytical incident wavefields in the layered reference model, is modified to compute the wavefields efficiently with a significantly low-memory requirement. Second, 3D TSOS method is developed to model the seismic wave propagating in the local 3D heterogeneous domain. The low memory requirement of the modified FK method and the high accuracy of the TSOS method make it feasible to obtain highly accurate synthetic seismograms efficiently. A crust–upper mantle model for P-, SV-, and SH-wave incidences is calculated to benchmark the accuracy and efficiency of the 3D optimized FK-TSOS method. Numerical experiments for 3D models with heterogeneities, undulated discontinuous interfaces, and realistic model in eastern Tibet, illustrate the capability of hybrid method to accurately capture the scattered waves caused by heterogeneities in 3D medium. The 3D optimized FK-TSOS method developed shows low-memory requirement, high accuracy, and high efficiency, which makes it be a promising forward method to further apply to high-resolution mantle structure images beneath seismic array.

scholarly journals Performance of Slurry Shield Tunnelling in Mixed Strata Based on Field Measurement and Numerical Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jian Cui ◽  
Wang-Hao Xu ◽  
Yong Fang ◽  
Li-Ming Tao ◽  
Chuan He
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Data ◽  
Tunnel Boring Machine ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Surface Settlement ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Pressure Balance ◽  
Shield Tunnelling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Slurry Shield

There are severe challenges for slurry pressure balance tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunnelling in sandy cobble soil of Beijing, Chengdu, and Lanzhou in China. And the problems caused by tunnelling from silty clay to sandy cobble stratum are more serious. With the change of stratum, the key parameters and surface settlement will change correspondingly. Controlling the key parameters and predicting the surface settlement accurately and efficiently is important for hazard mitigation and risk management. In this study, based on the Tsinghuayuan Tunnel project in Beijing, the key parameters and surface settlement while tunnelling from silty clay to sandy cobble stratum are studied. Firstly, the difference of key parameters while tunnelling in two different strata is analyzed. The analysis shows that immediate responses to changes in the stratum are recommended in order to ensure construction efficiency. Then, a refined 3D finite difference model is developed to simulate the slurry TBM tunnelling in different strata. For refined simulation, three key parameters obtained from measurement data were applied to the 3D models, and the simulation results were compared with the field data. Results show that the refined model has good performance in terms of the accuracy and efficiency. This study provides a good engineering practice reference for slurry TBM tunnelling in mixed strata.

scholarly journals UAV Monitoring of Excavation Works

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Shults ◽  
Khaini-Kamal Kassymkanova ◽  
Shugyla Burlibayeva ◽  
Daria Skopinova ◽  
Roman Demianenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
3D Models ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Total Station ◽  
Depth Data ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
Construction Works

The first stage of any construction is carrying out excavation works. These works are high-priced and timeconsuming. Mostly, for geodetic control of the works, the surveyors are using total stations and GNSS equipment. Last decade, UAV technology was a breakthrough in the geodetic technologies market. One of the possible applications of UAV is the monitoring of excavation works. In the article, the opportunities and accuracy of UAV data while performing the excavation works were studied. The surveying of earth volume in the middle of construction works was made using DJI Phantom 4 UAV. The data were being processed using two photogrammetric software: Agisoft Metashape and PhotoModeler Premium. For comparison, the surveying also was made using a conventional total station. For each data source, the 3D models were generated. The obtained models were compared with each other in CloudCompare software. The comparison revealed the high accuracy of UAV data that satisfies customer’s requirements. For the case of two software comparing, it is better to process data using PhotoModeler. The PhotoModeler software allows performing in-depth data analysis and blunders searching.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Local Geodetic Network in Jurmala City

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Armands Celms ◽  
Ilona Reke ◽  
Miks Brinkmanis-Brimanis ◽  
Vivita Pukite
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Geodetic Network ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Linear Discrepancy ◽  
The Given ◽  
The City

In order to evaluate the accuracy of the local geodetic network of Jurmala City, in research, comparison of forty-seven selected polygonometry network point coordinates with the obtained data was made by performing measurements by real time cinematic (RTK) method in LatPos base station system. Points were chosen so in order to cover evenly the entire territory of the city. At present, gradual renewal and improvement of the local geodetic network takes place in Jurmala. The linear discrepancy of coordinates obtained in measurements varies from 0.016 m to 0.259 m, mean linear discrepancy in the measured points is fixed 0.110 m. Discrepancy of plane coordinates in different regions of Jurmala is not even. It is rather even within approximate boundaries of the determined regions, this is indicated by different directions of offset vectors, which in eastern part of the city are pointed mainly in NW direction, in central part directions are pointed in W direction, but in the western part of the city pointed in NE direction. Concerning heights, only for 3 of measured points discrepancy exceeds 0.05 m error and there are no connection concerning some specific region. 15% of the measured points of the local geodetic network are with appropriate accuracy of plane coordinates. The linear discrepancy of plane coordinates for points of the local geodetic network, which are measured by RTK method and compared with data from the improved network is 0.024 (m), which indicates the high accuracy of RTK method in measurement data. In Jurmala City, obtaining of data by GNNS data receivers is encumbered by large density of trees. Therefore the local geodetic network in city has very important role in order to ensure performance of geodetic measurements of high quality in the territory of the city. Aim of the research is to evaluate the accuracy of the local geodetic network of Jurmala City. The following tasks have been set for achieving the aim: research of the given problem, visit of the local geodetic network points, performing control measurements, data processing and analysis.

scholarly journals Las representaciones rupestres y la posible temática de la zoofilia en el parque nacional Serra da Capivara, Piauí, Brasil: un estudio de caso

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Michel Justamand ◽  
Cristiane de Andrade Buco ◽  
Vitor José Rampaneli De Almeida ◽  
Antoniel dos Santos Gomes Filho ◽  
Albérico Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
National Park ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Estudio De Caso

The present article intends to present the scenes of rupestrian representations of the zoophilia relationships, present in one of the artistic traditions of our ancestors in the reigão, the Nordeste Tradition, of Rock Art, as they are known by the scholars, in the Serra da Capivara National Park – PNSC, Piuaí, Brazil. These representations were collected in field work by some of the authors. We carried out the work between 2014 and 2018. They have sex between humans and a variety of non-human.   El presente artículo pretende presentar las escenas de representaciones rupestres de las relaciones de zoofilia, presentes en una de las tradiciones artísticas de nuestros antepasados en el reigão, la Tradición Nordeste, del Arte Rupestre, como la conocen los estudiosos, en la Serra da Parque Nacional Capivara - PNSC, Piuaí, Brasil. Estas representaciones fueron recopiladas en el trabajo de campo por algunos de los autores. Realizamos el trabajo entre 2014 y 2018. Tienen relaciones sexuales entre humanos y una variedad de no humanos.

scholarly journals DIAGNÓSTICO DO ESTADO DE CONSERVAÇAO DOS SÍTIOS COM GRAFISMOS RUPESTRES NO PARQUE NACIONAL DO CATIMBAU - PERNAMBUCO

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Daniela Cisneiros
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Art Conservation ◽  
Cave Paintings ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Art Techniques

No presente trabalho são apresentados os resultados das pesquisas sobre o estado de conservação dos grafismos rupestres dos sítios arqueológicos do Parque Nacional do Catimbau em Pernambuco. Essa pesquisa foi realizada a partir do levantamento macroscópico dos fatores e agentes de degradação e alteração atuante sobre os painéis rupestres dos 55 sítios do Parque. A partir da compreensão que a conservação de pinturas e gravuras rupestres só pode ser entendida de maneira interdependente, ou seja apenas a partir do conhecimento do objeto (grafismos rupestres - técnicas e propriedades) e do ambiente (suporte e agentes de interação), foram construídos protocolos para identificar a evolução dos agentes que se constituem danosos ao patrimônio rupestre nessa área. Foram considerados nessa primeira parte do projeto, os indicadores de alteração, os aspectos externos do suporte: pátinas, crostas, depósitos superficiais (sais, microorganismos, excrementos, manchas, ninho de insetos); a perda, rupturas ou fissura do suporte (escamação, fratura, desagregação, desplacamento); as intervenções antrópicas (grafite, pichações, incisões, queimadas intencionais). Nesta síntese preliminar das patologias que atingem os painéis rupestres, observou-se que os indicadores de degradação são os de origem físico-químicas oriundos da formação da rocha e estão ligadas à formação do suporte e ao entorno ambiental. Os agentes antrópicos indiretos como desmatamento e caça atuam para o agravamento da situação.DIAGNOSIS OF THE STATE OF CONSERVATION OF SITES WITH RUPESTRIC GRAPHISMS IN THE NATIONAL PARK OF CATIMBAU - PERNAMBUCOABSTRACTThis work presents the results of research on the state of conservation of rock art from the archaeological sites of the National Park of Catimbau in Pernambuco. This research was carried out from the macroscopic survey of the factors and agents of degradation and alteration acting on the rock art of the 55 sites in the Park. Based on the understanding that the conservation of cave paintings and engravings can only be understood in an interdependent manner, that is, only through knowledge of the object (rock art - techniques and properties) and the environment (support and interaction agents), they were built protocols to identify the evolution of agents that are harmful to the rock heritage in this area. In this first part of the project, the indicators of change, the external aspects of the support were considered: patinas, crusts, surface deposits (salts, microorganisms, excrement, stains, insect nests); the loss, ruptures or fissure of the support (scaling, fracture, disintegration, debonding); anthropic interventions (graphite, graffiti, incisions, intentional fires). In this preliminary synthesis of the pathologies that affect the rupestrian panels, it was observed that the degradation indicators are those of physical and chemical origin from the formation of the rock and are linked to the formation of the support and the environmental environment. Indirect anthropic agents such as deforestation and hunting act to worsen the situation.Keywords: Catimbau National Park, Rock art, Conservation. 

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