scholarly journals Assessment of Pedotransfer Functions for Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Anatolian Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1188-1194
Author(s):  
Gülay Karahan
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Alkaline Soils

Hydraulic conductivity is an essential base for applied research in soil and water management, landscape, and environmental disciplines. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) is one of the most important soil physical properties, which is considered in the planning of irrigation and drainage and predicting other soil hydrological processes. However, it has been frequently reported that measurement of Ksat is laborious, time-consuming, and expensive due to its high spatial variability and this has motivated researchers to develop indirect methods such as pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for developing Ksat-database in regional and national scales. In this study, eight Ksat studies with the PTFs in Anatolian soils were reviewed. PTFs were evaluated regarding their type, predictors used, and their performance. The majority of studied PTFs were developed on alluvial, colluvial, and alkaline soils in semi-arid and semi-humid climates. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been common PTFs, and soil texture, bulk density, organic matter content, and pH have been common predictors used with these PTFs. Root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2) were the commonly used criteria in the verification and validation of the PTFs. Studies on the use of Ksat and PTFs are inadequate, and researches are still needed to be able to use it nationwide and can develop an adequate database. According to the results of PTF studies, the highest R2 and correlation coefficient (r) values belong to the Rosetta and MLR types of the PTFs, respectively. The lowest RMSE value was obtained with the equations in which the physical and chemical soil properties were used together as input data for PTFs. In addition, it has been noted that the soil morphological properties should be used as input data in PTFs studies, especially in Ksat estimation.

scholarly journals Pedotransfer function application for estimation of soil hydrophysical properties using parametric methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Matula ◽  
K. Špongrová
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Data Sets

Soil hydraulic properties are needed as input data to describe and simulate the transport of water and solutes in the soil profile. The most important characteristics are the soil moisture retention curve (SMRC) &theta;(<i>h</i>) and the hydraulic conductivity function <i>k</i>(&theta;) or <i>k</i>(<i>h</i>), where &theta; is the soil moisture content, <i>h</i> is the pressure head and <i>k</i> is the hydraulic conductivity. SMRC represents the amount of water remaining in the soil under equilibrium conditions and is unique for each soil. The measurement of SMRC is laborious and time-consuming and so there are not enough data available sometimes. Various SMRC estimation models have been proposed and used extensively to overcome this problem. Other more easily available soil properties, such as particle size distribution, organic matter content, soil structure and bulk density, were used for the estimation of SMRC. Bouma and van Lanen (1987) called these models &ldquo;transfer functions&rdquo;, and later on they were called &ldquo;pedotransfer functions&rdquo;. This study is based on European works by Wösten et al. (1998, 1999), and others. The pedotransfer functions derived by Wösten et al. (1998) were used in the first part of the study. In the second part, the authors derived their own pedotransfer functions for the sites where all necessary data were available. The methodology of data processing was similar to that used by Wösten et al. (1998) for continuous pedotransfer functions. The use of continuous pedotransfer functions was tested on data sets from several sites in the Czech Republic (Cerhovice, Černičí, Brozany, Ovesná Lhota, Tupadly, Džbánov, Podlesí and Žichlínek). Unfortunately, the available Czech data sets are not as large as the data sets used in Wösten&rsquo;s work. Quite good new estimates of SMRC (expressed as pF curves) were found e.g. for the Cerhovice and Černičí sites; the estimates for a man-made soil profile in Brozany and for natural soils in Ovesná Lhota, Tupadly, Džbánov, Podlesí and Žichlínek were less successful, partly because of insufficient input data. The applications of continuous pedotransfer functions derived by Wösten et al. (1998) for the Czech data sets were not very successful, either. The quality and size of the input data sets are critical factors for a successful use of pedotransfer functions.

scholarly journals Pedotransfer Functions for Estimating Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Selected Benchmark Soils in Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Henry Oppong Tuffour ◽  
Awudu Abubakari ◽  
Alex Amerh Agbeshie ◽  
Abdul Aziz Khalid ◽  
Erasmus Narteh Tetteh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Relative Improvement

Aims: Direct methods of measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), either in situ or in the laboratory, are time consuming and very expensive. Several Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are available for estimating Ks, with each having its own limitations. In this study, the performances of four popular PTFs were evaluated on different soil classes in the semi deciduous zone of Ghana. The PTFs considered herein were Puckett et al. (1985), Campbell and Shiozawa (1994), Dane and Puckett (1994), and Ferrer-Julià et al. (2004). In addition, five local data derived PTFs were used to study the possibility of using local datasets to validate PTF accuracy. Materials and Methods: A total of 450 undisturbed soil cores were collected from the 0 – 15 cm depth from three benchmark soils, namely, Stagni-Dystric Gleysol (SDG), Plinthi Ferric Acrisol (PFA) and Plinthic Acrisol (PA). The Ks of samples were measured by the falling-head permeameter method in the laboratory. Sand, silt and clay fractions, bulk density, organic matter content, and exchangeable calcium and sodium were measured and used as input parameters for the newly derived PTFs. Accuracy and reliability of the predictions were evaluated by the root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of correlation (r), index of agreement (d), and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) between the measured and predicted values from both tested and newly derived PTFs. The relative improvement (RI) of the newly derived PTFs from this study over the existing ones were also evaluated. Results: The newly derived PTFs in this study had higher prediction accuracy with r, d, RMSE and NSE ranging from 0.80 – 0.99, 0.79 – 0.94, 0.14 – 1.74 and 0.84 – 0.98, respectively, compared with 0.32 – 0.45, 0.27 – 0.50, 4.00 – 4.90 and 0.41 – 0.47 for the tested PTFs. The relative improvement of the newly derived over the tested PTFs ranged from 56.50 – 95.71% in the SDG, 70.73 – 96.89% in the PFA, and 65.37 – 95.81% in the PA. Generally, RI was observed to be highest for Model 1 in the SDG, and Model 4 in both PFA and PA, and lowest for Model 5 in all three soils. It was observed that the inclusion of exchangeable calcium and sodium as predictors increased the predictability of the newly derived PTFs.

scholarly journals Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Estimation Using Artificial Neural Networks

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Josué Trejo-Alonso ◽  
Carlos Fuentes ◽  
Carlos Chávez ◽  
Antonio Quevedo ◽  
Alfonso Gutierrez-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Back Propagation Algorithm ◽  
Artificial Neural

In the present work, we construct several artificial neural networks (varying the input data) to calculate the saturated hydraulic conductivity (KS) using a database with 900 measured samples obtained from the Irrigation District 023, in San Juan del Rio, Queretaro, Mexico. All of them were constructed using two hidden layers, a back-propagation algorithm for the learning process, and a logistic function as a nonlinear transfer function. In order to explore different arrays for neurons into hidden layers, we performed the bootstrap technique for each neural network and selected the one with the least Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value. We also compared these results with pedotransfer functions and another neural networks from the literature. The results show that our artificial neural networks obtained from 0.0459 to 0.0413 in the RMSE measurement, and 0.9725 to 0.9780 for R2, which are in good agreement with other works. We also found that reducing the amount of the input data offered us better results.

scholarly journals Restorative effects of amendments on artificially degraded soils in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-132
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Yield Reduction

An evaluation of the productivity of degraded alfisols at Makurdi and Otobi, Nigeria, using artificial desurfacing techniques (ADT) was carried out in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The study was a split-split plot experiment arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The soil was desurfaced at 0 – 5, 0 – 10, 0 – 15, 0 – 20 cm and the undesurfaced soil, 0 cm (control) depths. The restorative amendments were 9 t ha-1 of poultry dropping as an organic source of manure, N:P2O5:K2O as an inorganic source of manure and zero application as control. Soybean variety TGX 1448-2E and maize variety, Oba super II were used as test crop. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was significantly (P = 0.05) lower at 20 cm (29.08 cm hr-1 ), but did not differ significantly at 0 to 10 cm depths. Soil pH of 5.58 was recorded at 0 cm depth and it decreased to 5.05 at 20 cm depth. Also, organic matter content (1.71 – 1.00 g kg-1 ), total nitrogen (0.12 – 0.08 g kg-1 ) as well as CEC (7.39 – 6.24 cmol kg-1 ) recorded a significant decrease with increase in soil depth from 0 to 20 cm depths. Application of poultry manure increased total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity as well as organic matter content across desurfaced depths. Soybean number of leaves was significantly (P = 0.05) reduced at 4, 7, and 10 WAP with increased topsoil removal. The highest grain yield of soybean (1474 kg ha-1 ) was recorded on poultry manure treated plots which were significantly higher (p = 0.05) than other treatments. Application of poultry manure caused 20 % soybean yield reduction at 5 depth, and a 56 % reduction at 20 cm depth.

Evaluation of some selected soil properties of a drip irrigated tomato field at different moisture regimes in South-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.O. Ogundipe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Tomato Field

Soil properties are important to the development of agricultural crops. This study determined some selected soil properties of a drip irrigated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M.) field at different moisture regime in South-Western Nigeria. The experiment was carried out using Randomized Complete Block Design with frequency and depth of irrigation application as the main plot and sub-plot, respectively in three replicates. Three frequencies (7, 5 and 3 days) and three depths equivalent to 100, 75 and 50% of water requirement were used. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were collected from 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers for the determination of some soil properties (soil texture, organic matter content, bulk density, infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity) were determined using standard formulae. Soil Water Content (SWC) monitoring was conducted every two days using a gravimetric technique. The soil texture was sandy loam for all the soil depths; average value of soil organic matter was highest (1.8%) in the 0-5 cm surface layer and decreased with soil depth; the soil bulk density value before and after irrigation experiment ranged from 1.48 and 1.73 g/cm3 and 1.5 and 1.76 g/cm3, respectively; there was a rapid reduction in the initial infiltration and final infiltration rate. Saturated hydraulic conductivity show similar trend although the 20-30 cm layer had the lowest value (50.84 mm/h); the SWC affect bulk density during the growing season. The study showed that soil properties especially bulk density and organic matter content affect irrigation water movement at different depth..

Soil hydro-physical changes in natural grassland of southern Brazil subjected to burning management

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Vogelmann ◽  
J. M. Reichert ◽  
J. Prevedello ◽  
C. A. P. de Barros ◽  
F. L. F. de Quadros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Natural Grassland

Burning of vegetation can promote changes in soil physical properties and also create hydrophobic substances, which accumulate and result in the formation of water-repellent layers. A study was conducted between 2005 and 2011 on an Albaqualf, with natural grassland composed mainly of Andropogon lateralis, in southern Brazil, to investigate the induction of hydrophobicity by burning and changes in the soil hydro-physical characteristics. The treatments consisted of no burning, and burned 60, 36, 12, 6, 4, and 2 months before sampling. Burning management did not change the saturated hydraulic conductivity, whereas air permeability was significantly reduced in the surface layer, nearly reaching the original values 4 months after burning. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and air permeability correlated with total porosity and macroporosity. The surface layer was the most sensitive to fire effects, with an increased degree of hydrophobicity for up to 2 months after vegetation burning. Hydrophobicity and contact angle correlated positively with soil organic matter content.

scholarly journals Efficiency of The Spaw Model in Estimation of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in Calcareous Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-201
Author(s):  
Tariq H. Karim ◽  
Mohammed A. Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The measurement of soil hydraulic properties is tedious, time-consuming, and costly. An alternative approach is to formulate models that utilize the physical and chemical properties of the soil as input variables to predict soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). However, the previous studies have not paid attention to the calcium carbonate content in their models; it can lead to reducing the size and number of the pores in the soil which, in turn, can lead to reduction Ks . Here we evaluated the ability of the Soil, Plant, Atmosphere, and Water (SPAW) model to predict Ks under different states of compaction for calcareous soils with wide-ranging textures sampled along a precipitation gradient in northwestern Iraqi Kurdistan. The results revealed that the best match occurred under loose to normal state of compaction for these soils. Among the soil properties, sand content was high significantly correlated with Ks followed by CaCO3, clay, organic matter content, silt and Electrical conductivity. A pedotransfer function (PTF) was proposed using these data and its results were compared to these from the SPAW model. Root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of variation (CV) for the comparison between measured Ks values and those predicted by the SPAW model were very high 2.7×10-4 cm s−1 and 166% respectively, that due to the values of Ks predicted by the SPAW model are overestimated for calcareous soils, for these reasons the accuracy of the SPAW model was improved via calibration. The RMSE and CV of the calibrated SPAW model were dropped to 9.8×10-5 cm s−1 and 61.2%, respectively. Additionally, the accuracy of our best PTF that constructed from sand, clay, and CaCO3 was slightly higher than the calibrated SPAW model. Therefore, it is recommended to use the calibrated SPAW model for predicting Ks in calcareous soils.

Study of Soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in Sand Dunes of the Horqin Sand Land

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2959-2962
Author(s):  
Shu Xia Yao ◽  
Tong Hui Zhang ◽  
Chuan Cheng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sand Land ◽  
Horqin Sand Land

Water is a limiting factor to plant growth in the Horqin Sand Land of China. Knowledge of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) is of importance because Kfs influences soil evaporation and water cycling under natural/artificial conditions at various scales. Kfs at fixed dunes and shifting dunes of the Horqin Sand Land were measured in situ by the Gueph permeameter. The results indicated that (1) Kfs ranged from 0.48 to 10.25 mm/min, and showed that Kfs of fixed dunes is bigger than it at shifting dunes; (2) Kfs at fixed dunes increased with increasing soil depths, but for shifting dunes, it diminished with increasing soil depths; (3) Kfs at fixed dunes is significant negative correlation with hardness, while it significant negative correlation with hardness and organic matter content at shifting dunes.

Evaluation of Pedotransfer Functions for Predicting Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity for U.S. Soils

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M Abdelbaki ◽  
Mohamed A Youssef ◽  
Esmail M. F Naguib ◽  
Mohamed E Kiwan ◽  
Emad I El-giddawy
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions

scholarly journals Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludge

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M T Morera ◽  
J. Echeverría ◽  
J. Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metals Bioavailability ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

The recycling of sewage sludge to agricultural land results in the slow accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn applied to soils in urban anaerobically stabilized sewage sludge. The soils were Lithic Haplumbrept (Lh), Calcixerollic Xerochrept (Cx1 and Cx2) and Paralithic Xerorthent (Px). Sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L) were grown in the soils following amendment with the sludge. The addition of sewage sludge markedly increased the average dry weight of the plants in the soils that had lower yields without sludge addition (Lh, Cx2, and Px). The acid pH of the Lh soil favoured the bioavailability of Zn from sewage sludge. The bioavailability of Cu was greater in the alkaline soils than in the acidic soil (Lh), which can be attributed to the high organic matter content of the Lh soil which complexes Cu and impairs its uptake by the plants. The concentration of metals in the plants increased with the sewage sludge dose. The effect of the soil type on the metal concentration in plants was greater that the effect of the dose. Key words: Soils, sewage sludge, heavy metals, bioavailability, sunflower

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