scholarly journals Direct Seeded Rice and its Prospects in Nepal: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2355-2364
Author(s):  
Amrit Sharma ◽  
Shaurav Sharma ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Bibek Sodari
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Cultivation Technique ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Alternative Cultivation ◽  
Early Harvest ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) is an alternative cultivation technique to the conventional Transplanted Rice (TPR). In this method, seeds are directly sown to the field without the necessity of nursery raising and transplanting. DSR can generally be divided into dry-DSR (sowing dry seeds in dry soil), wet-DSR (sowing pre-germinated seeds in moist soil) and water-seeding (sowing dry or pre-germinated seeds in standing water). This helps in saving water alongside the labour and results in early harvest due to quick crop establishment. DSR is proved to be sustainable and eco-friendly since it emits less methane than in TPR. However, there are few constraints associated with DSR such as weed infestation, crop lodging and nutrient loss. If these major issues are fixed, DSR can result in greater economic returns as compared to TPR. In absence of puddling, the soil structure can be maintained which leads to greater yields of succeeding crops. This technique has been successfully practiced in many countries like Srilanka, Malaysia and USA. In developing nations like Nepal, irrigation and labour constraints can be tackled by adopting direct-seeding for rice cultivation.

scholarly journals Perception and economics of dry direct seeded rice in tarai of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dhakal ◽  
Shrawan K Sah ◽  
Andrew McDonald ◽  
Anant P Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Direct Seeded

Transplanting is widely practiced methods of rice establishment in puddled soils require large amount of labor and water, which are becoming scarce and expensive in Nepal. A field survey was carried out in six districts of terai region of Nepal during 2010. Sixty farmers, ten from each district were randomly selected. They were interviewed using face-to-face method based on semi-structured questionnaires to know their perception towards constraints, and economics of dry direct seeded rice (DDSR). Farmers were mostly using transplanted rice (TPR) because of less weed infestation and better crop establishment, but they were concerned with high cost of cultivation, higher water requirement and deterioration of soil after puddling operation. Farmers perceived DDSR as a cost reducing and less water requiring technology whereas severe weed infestation, poor crop establishment and reduced grain and straw yield were the major nuisance. Nevertheless, the B:C ratio of DDSR (2.0) was found higher than TPR (1.63). Therefore, DDSR could be an alternative to TPR in reducing cost of cultivation; however weeds are serious problems.

scholarly journals ADOPTION OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE (DSR) OVER PUDDLED-TRANSPLANTED RICE (TPR) FOR RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND INCREASING WHEAT YIELD

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Sagar Bhandari ◽  
Saugat Khanal ◽  
Suman Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Labor Requirement ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Made In

Global rice production has revealed signs that it may no longer be stable in the future. Along with the increasing population, the resources for rice production are declining. Moreover, water needs labor force for transplanting rice has become insufficient because laborers are shifting from agriculture to industry, public works, and overseas job. In view of this, the Direct-seeded rice has been put forward as an appropriate substitute to traditional puddled-transplanted rice with efficiency to save water, reduced labor requirement, mitigation of green-house gas emission, and adaptability to climatic risks. It has potentiality to increase the productivity of the subsequent non-rice crop i.e. wheat particularly in Rice-Wheat cropping system, the dominant cropping system in South Asia. However, the DSR suffers from several constraints, particularly high weed infestation. The system has been proved farmers-friendly but requires more enhancements in technological approach to realize higher benefits. In recent years, strategies have been made in promoting the DSR technology by different organizations. Scientists are working in developing suitable varieties and agronomic packages for encouraging the DSR. This review describes the resource and environmental constraints of traditional puddled-transplanted rice cultivation, analyzes the advantages and constraints of DSR, and solutions to problems of DSR in Nepal.

Adoption Status of Direct Seeded Rice Technology by the Farmers of Punjab

2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Kamboj ◽  
Dharminder Singh ◽  
Lakhwinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Rice Crop ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Recommended Practices ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Paddy Cultivation

Direct-seeded rice (DSR) is a possible alternative to conventional puddled transplantedrice, where rice crop is seeded directly in non-puddled fields. The study was conducted toascertain the adoption status of recommended practices of DSR. Personal interviews wereconducted to collect data from randomly selected 210 farmers from three districtsrepresenting different agro-climatic regions of Punjab. Study revealed that selected farmershad adopted DSR on 49.20 per cent of their total area under paddy cultivation. Slightlyhigher number of selected farmers had adopted Tar-Wattar, a new technique of DSR overdry soil method. Only 18.52 per cent respondents had applied first irrigation as perrecommendations of Tar-Wattar method, whereas majority (67.59%) had applied firstirrigation before 21 days. 26.67 per cent farmers had adopted most suitable variety PR-126 and sown it at recommended time. However, in case of other varieties, majority offarmers did not follow recommended time of sowing. A smaller number of farmers haveapplied zinc, iron and sulphur fertilizers to ameliorate micro nutrient deficiencies. Averageyield of others varieties and PR 126 were found to be nearly identical, but due to lessercost of cultivation in DSR as compared to transplanted rice, adopter farmers’ fetched highernet return.

Dissipation of Pendimethalin in Soil Under Direct Seeded and Transplanted Rice Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
Amanpreet Makkar ◽  
Pervinder Kaur ◽  
Paawan Kaur ◽  
Makhan S. Bhullar
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded

Nitrogen Fertilization of Direct‐Seeded Flooded vs. Transplanted Rice: II. Interactions among Canopy Properties

Crop Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1284-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dingkuhn ◽  
H. F. Schnier ◽  
S. K. De Datta ◽  
K. Dörffling ◽  
C. Javellana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded

scholarly journals Biological and Agrotechnical Aspects of Weed Control in the Cultivation of Early Potato Cultivars under Cover

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Piotr Pszczółkowski ◽  
Piotr Barbaś ◽  
Barbara Sawicka ◽  
Barbara Krochmal-Marczak
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Mechanical Method ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Cultivar Assessment ◽  
Early Harvest

Problems with weed infestation under cover were the reason to conduct research on the regulation of weed infestation in potato cultivation for early harvest. The field experiment was carried out in 2015–2017 at the Experimental Station for Cultivar Assessment in Uhnin (51°34′ N, 23°02′ E) using the method of random subblocks, in a dependent system (split-split-plot). The first order factor was edible potato cultivars ‘Denar’ and ‘Lord’. The second order factor was cultivation technologies: (A) traditional technology, (B) technology using polyethylene film cover, (C) technology using polypropylene agrotextile. The third order factor was weed management methods: (1) mechanical, (2) mechanical and chemical method using Afalon Dispersion 450 SC preparation, (3) mechanical and chemical methods using Racer 250 EC herbicide, and (4) mechanical and chemical methods using a mixture of herbicides Afalon Dispersion 450 SC and Command 480 EC. Mechanical and chemical methods proved to be more effective than the mechanical method. The best effectiveness in limiting both fresh and dry weed mass in potato cultivation under cover was achieved using the mechanical and chemical method using a mixture of herbicides, Afalon Dispersion 450 SC and Command 480 EC.

Nitrogen Fertilization of Direct‐Seeded Flooded vs. Transplanted Rice: I. Nitrogen Uptake, Photosynthesis, Growth, and Yield

Crop Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1276-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Schnier ◽  
M. Dingkuhn ◽  
S. K. De Datta ◽  
K. Mengel ◽  
J. E. Faronilo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded

scholarly journals Direct Seeded Rice: A New Technology for Enhanced Resource-Use Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishal Bista
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Use Efficiency

Rice (Oryza sativaL.) is a major staple food crop that feeds around 60% of the world’s population. It is a major food crop in terms of production, economy and is grown in all ecological zones of Nepal. In Nepal, traditional method of rice cultivation is widely accepted in which 20-25 days old seedlings are transplanted in the puddled field. Looming water scarcity, water-intensive traditional method of rice cultivation, escalating labour costs pressurize the development of alternative which is highly sustainable and profitable. Direct-seeded rice (DSR) offers a very good opportunity that can cope up the global need and reduces the water use to 50%, labour cost to 60% and increases productivity by 5-10%. It involves sowing of pre-germinated seeds into wet soil surface (wet seeding), dry soil surface (dry seeding) and standing water (water seeding). Weeds are the major constraint in direct-seeded rice (DSR) reducing the crop yield upto 90% and sometimes even crop failure. Enhanced nutrient use efficiency and integrated weed management can produce comparable yields to that of transplanted rice (TPR) encouraging many farmers to switch to DSR. Methane gas emission is significantly lower in DSR than in conventionally tilled puddled transplanted rice mitigating the world’s threat of global warming. Blast disease and root-knot nematode (RKN) are other important problems associated with DSR. Based on the evidences collected, the article reviews integrated package of cultivation technologies associated with DSR, advantages, constraints and likeliness of DSR to be the future of rice cultivation in Nepal.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 181-198

Status of Insect Pests and Natural Enemies of Direct Seeded and Transplanted Rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-29
Author(s):  
K N Ashrith
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis ◽  
Green Leafhopper ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Rice Leaf Folder ◽  
The Status ◽  
Direct Seeded

Studies were conducted on the status of insect-pests and natural enemies of direct seeded rice (DSR) in comparison with puddled transplanted rice (PTR) during rabi and kharif in 2013-14. The rice leaf folder and yellow stem required both the seasons. Maximum leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) (13.03%) damage and yellow stem borer damage (13.49%) of white ears was recorded during last week of October and second week of November in DSR under unprotected situation respectively. While sucking pests population mainly green leafhopper incidence was comparatively high in PTR (3.29 and 4.92/hill) also plant hoppers incidence (BPH and WBPH) (28.90 and 18.44 adults/hill) under unprotected situation during two seasons respectively. Population of predators at both the season remained high throughout the study period in PTR than the DSR except

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