scholarly journals Direct Seeded Rice: A New Technology for Enhanced Resource-Use Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishal Bista
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Use Efficiency

Rice (Oryza sativaL.) is a major staple food crop that feeds around 60% of the world’s population. It is a major food crop in terms of production, economy and is grown in all ecological zones of Nepal. In Nepal, traditional method of rice cultivation is widely accepted in which 20-25 days old seedlings are transplanted in the puddled field. Looming water scarcity, water-intensive traditional method of rice cultivation, escalating labour costs pressurize the development of alternative which is highly sustainable and profitable. Direct-seeded rice (DSR) offers a very good opportunity that can cope up the global need and reduces the water use to 50%, labour cost to 60% and increases productivity by 5-10%. It involves sowing of pre-germinated seeds into wet soil surface (wet seeding), dry soil surface (dry seeding) and standing water (water seeding). Weeds are the major constraint in direct-seeded rice (DSR) reducing the crop yield upto 90% and sometimes even crop failure. Enhanced nutrient use efficiency and integrated weed management can produce comparable yields to that of transplanted rice (TPR) encouraging many farmers to switch to DSR. Methane gas emission is significantly lower in DSR than in conventionally tilled puddled transplanted rice mitigating the world’s threat of global warming. Blast disease and root-knot nematode (RKN) are other important problems associated with DSR. Based on the evidences collected, the article reviews integrated package of cultivation technologies associated with DSR, advantages, constraints and likeliness of DSR to be the future of rice cultivation in Nepal.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 181-198

scholarly journals Soil evaporation studies using mini-lysimeters under differently established rice-wheat cropping sequence in Punjab, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Bhatt ◽  
S. S. Kukal
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Evaporation Losses ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Use Efficiency

Present investigations were carried out in rice-wheat cropping sequence as a whole including the intervening period under divergent establishment methods from 2012-14 at experimental farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab. Treatments included tillage in wheat viz. zero (ZTW) and conventionally tilled wheat (CTW) - main followed by establishment methods viz. direct seeded rice (DSR) and mechanically transplanted rice (MTR) - sub while tillage in rice viz. puddle (PTR), conventionally tilled (CTR) and zero tilled rice (ZTR) - sub-sub plot. Mini-lysimeters were used for delineating the evaporation trends which found to be fast, low cost, reliable and accurate. During rabi seasons, CTW plots evaporated 15.8 and 3.0% faster respectively, as compared to the ZTW plots. CTW plots during 2012-13 evaporated 7% higher than during 2013-14 while ZTW plots evaporated with almost same pace during both the years. After rabi season during intervening period, ZTW plots evaporated 6.8 and 13.6% faster than the CTW plots during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively. During rice seasons, among pure tillage system, zero tilled plots viz. ZTWDSRZT evaporated 21.7 and 22.2% faster than CTWDSRCT plots during rice 2013 and 2014, while coming over to the mixed tillage systems, CTWDSRZT evaporated 36.7 and 18.4% faster than the ZTWDSRCT plots. The results from this and other studies suggest that mulching suppress the evaporation losses which further improves the water use efficiency and finally land productivity of the rice-wheat sequence in the region.

scholarly journals Assessment of productivity and resource use efficiency of rice under different establishment methods and nutrient management in Chitwan condition, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Chandika Lama ◽  
Santosh Marahatta
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Management

A field experiment was conducted in sub humid climate of inner terai of Nepal to determine the productivity and economics of rice under direct seeded and transplanted methods under different nutrient management in strip plot design with three replications in 2013, rainy season. The treatment consisted of three tillage methods, conventional tillage direct seeded rice, unpuddled transplanted rice and Puddled transplanted rice and five nutrient management practices Recommended Nitrogen(N), Phosphorous(P) and Potassium(K), 100:30:30 Kg NPK ha-1; Leaf color chart based N + Recommended PK; Farmers’ Practice, 48.30:34.50:0.00 Kg NPK ha-1; 0N + Recommended PK and 150% of Recommended NPK. The result revealed that grain and straw yield were not significant due to crop establishment methods. LCC based N application yield was comparable with 150% of Rec. NPK and Rec. NPK. Saving N on LCC based N management with 41.56 Kg ha-1 and 9.44 Kg N ha-1 over 150% of recommended NPK recommended NPK respectively. Adoption of CT-DSR reduced the total cost of cultivation by 30.13% and B:C ratio by 45.95% over P-TPR. The lower cost, higher benefit and the same production, revealed that LCC based N management under CT-DSR was the best management practices over the conventional P-TPR.

scholarly journals Direct seeded rice cultivation method: a new technology for climate change and food security

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
S Marasini ◽  
TN Joshi ◽  
LP Amgain
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Direct Seeded

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the major food crop in terms of production and economy and grown in all ecological regions of Nepal. Rice is cultivated traditionally through transplanting of 20-25 days old seedling in the country. Due to unavailability of suitable technology for rice cultivation, there is a huge yield gap in rice production of Nepal. Country has made target of self-sufficiency in rice production by 2020 AD. This target can be achieved through adoption of Direct seeded rice cultivation technology of rice cultivation which also helps to adapt in the climate change scenario of Nepal. Due to issues of water scarcity and expensive labour, direct seeded rice cultivation technology is adopting worldwide. Direct seeded rice is a resource conservation technology and reduces water and labor use by 50%. Productivity of DSR is 5-10% more than the yield of transplanted rice. It offers a very exhilarating opportunity to improve water and environmental sustainability. Methane gas emissions is lower in DSR than with conventionally tilled transplanted puddle rice. It involves sowing pre-germinated seeds into a puddled soil surface (wet seeding), standing water (water seeding) or dry seeding into a prepared seedbed (dry seeding). Precise water management, particularly during crop emergence phase (first 7-15 days after sowing), is crucial in direct seeded rice. Furthermore, weed infestation is the major problem, which can cause large yield losses in direct seeded rice. Weed management in DSR can be done through chemical, hand weeding or stale seed bed method.

scholarly journals Weed Management in Dry Direct-Seeded Rice: A Review on Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Rice Production

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1264
Author(s):  
Kapila Shekhawat ◽  
Sanjay Singh Rathore ◽  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Management Approaches

Rice cultivation always remains significant for food and livelihood security. The predictions of increasing water deficiency under a changing climate and escalating labor shortages in agriculture have brought a paradigm swing in rice cultivation from conventionally flooded transplanting to direct-seeded rice (DSR). DSR cultivation can potentially address the concerns of diminishing natural resources and mounting production costs in the establishment of transplanted rice. The transition towards DSR saves water, reduces duration to maturity as well as labor required, and reduces negative environmental footprints. Despite all these recompenses, the potential yield losses through enormous weed menaces under DSR remains a challenge and may reduce yield by up to 50%. In this review, we examine the extent of weed infestation, weed shift and the losses in dry DSR (DDSR). Various regional and global scientific efforts made under DDSR have been assessed in the present and the smart weed-management strategies suggested can be adopted after scrutiny. Integration of different weed management approaches, namely prevention, cultural, mechanical, and chemical, have been discussed, which can pave the way for worldwide adoption of DDSR, especially in South Asia. In Asia, 22% of the acreage of total rice cultivation is under DSR and the region-specific integration of these weed-management approaches might reduce herbicide use in these areas by up to 50%.

scholarly journals Does a Specific Location of Composted Poultry Litter in Soil Influence Nutrient Use Efficiency and Vegetable Production? A Mesocosm Experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Bernard Y. Koffi ◽  
Armand W. Koné ◽  
Seydou Tiho ◽  
Fulgence Kouadio ◽  
Dominique Masse
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Weight Ratio ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Animal wastes may be promoted as an alternative to mineral fertilizers that remain unaffordable to the overwhelming part of smallholder farmers in Sub-saharan Africa. However for an efficient use, mechanisms that underly their impact on crops should be well understood. This study was conducted in mesocosm to evaluate impacts of two ways of composted poultry litter (CPL) addition on growth and nutrient use efficiency by cucumber. It included three treatments with five-bucket replicates each: Control, CPL applied on soil surface (CS) or buried to 10 cm-depth (CB). Dry CPL was added at the rate of 0.5 kg bucket-1. At harvest, root distribution was examined in the 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm depths. Dry biomasses of roots, shoot and fruits were also determined and allowed for calculation of diverse indexes of biomass allocation (root:shoot ratio, root weight ratio, stem weight ratio, leaf weight ratio) and nutrient use efficiency (factor productivity of the compost, partial factor productivity of nutrients, agronomic efficiency of compost, and apparent agronomic efficiency of nutrients). The results showed that application of CPL led to a significant improvement of all considered parameters except for the leaf weight ratio which was higher in the control (44.1±3.3) than in CS (28.1±1.9) and CB 31.2±3.5). Total lateral root length was significantly higher in CS than in CB (113.5±10.7 cm vs. 75.5±9.0 cm). The number of lateral roots per plant in the 0-5 cm soil layer was higher in CS than in CB (5.4 vs. 1 root plant-1); the reverse was observed in 5-10 cm (1.2 vs. 4.4 root plant-1). Both fresh fruit yield and total dry mass were positively correlated to root attributes. These were themselves negatively impacted by soil acidity. All nutrient use efficiency indexes were higher in CS than CB. The CPL improved the agronomic performance of cucumber particularly when applied at soil surface.

Direct seeded rice: An option for enhancing the productivity, improving resource use efficiency and minimizing the production cost of the rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
DEOKARAN . ◽  
MANDHATA SINGH ◽  
ARIF PARVEZ ◽  
J S MISHRA ◽  
BP BHATT
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Benefit Cost

A front line demonstration on direct seeded rice was conducted during Kharif season of 2014 and 2015 to enhance the productivity of rice, improving resource use and minimizes the production cost. Frontline demonstration is a medium to make awareness about the technology direct seeded rice (DSR) and popularised amongst farmers. The present study showed that yield attributing characters under DSR was higher compared to farmers practice-puddled transplanted rice (PTR). However, grain yield under PTR was slightly higher (5.1%) than DSR. Economics of rice production technology, favour DSR over farmers practice-puddled transplanted rice (PTR) due to higher net return and a benefit-cost ratio under DSR as compared to transplanting. Direct seeded rice fetches a high net return of Rs. 39,875 with benefit-cost ratio of 2.74, as compared to PTR, attributed by the involvement of high cost for land preparation and nursery raising, transplanting and irrigation under transplanting.

scholarly journals Yield and water use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) relative to scheduling of irrigations

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Jaffar Basha* ◽  
Sitha Rama Sarma A.
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Use Efficiency

Irrigation scheduled at seven days’ interval during vegetative stage and four days’ interval during reproductive stage resulted in significantly higher panicle number and panicle weight, filled grains panicle-1 and grain yield. Permanent irrigation and interval irrigation methods had higher yield in comparison with saturated irrigation method in rice. Dry seeded rice significantly increased the water productivity with respect to irrigation water over wet seeded and transplanted rice. Intermittent irrigation in rice cultivation may reduce irrigation water use considerably (27-37%) compared with flooded rice cultivation. aerobic rice significantly required less water (67.91 ha-1 cm) to produce higher or on par yield as compared to transplanted puddled rice (122.59 ha-1 cm). Similarly, WUE was significantly higher in aerobic rice (81.31 kg ha-1 cm) as compared to transplanted rice (36.12 kg ha-1 cm). The irrigation schedule having three days’ drainage period after disappearance of ponded water yielded rice higher with maximum water use efficiency compared to continuous submergence or submergence at critical stages such as tillering, panicle initiation, flowering and milk, followed by saturation or field capacity between intermittent periods.

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