scholarly journals Perception and economics of dry direct seeded rice in tarai of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dhakal ◽  
Shrawan K Sah ◽  
Andrew McDonald ◽  
Anant P Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Direct Seeded

Transplanting is widely practiced methods of rice establishment in puddled soils require large amount of labor and water, which are becoming scarce and expensive in Nepal. A field survey was carried out in six districts of terai region of Nepal during 2010. Sixty farmers, ten from each district were randomly selected. They were interviewed using face-to-face method based on semi-structured questionnaires to know their perception towards constraints, and economics of dry direct seeded rice (DDSR). Farmers were mostly using transplanted rice (TPR) because of less weed infestation and better crop establishment, but they were concerned with high cost of cultivation, higher water requirement and deterioration of soil after puddling operation. Farmers perceived DDSR as a cost reducing and less water requiring technology whereas severe weed infestation, poor crop establishment and reduced grain and straw yield were the major nuisance. Nevertheless, the B:C ratio of DDSR (2.0) was found higher than TPR (1.63). Therefore, DDSR could be an alternative to TPR in reducing cost of cultivation; however weeds are serious problems.

scholarly journals Tillage System, Crop Residue s and Nitrogen to Improve the Productivity of Direct Seeded Rice and Transplanted Rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avtar Singh ◽  
Rajneesh Kumar ◽  
J. S. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Direct Seeded

Rice is grown by different techniques for higher productivity with judicious use of inputs and natural resources. Transplanting of paddy seedlings is common method of crop establishment in the irrigated rice systems of Asia but transplanting is labour intensive (30 persons/ha/day). The preparation of land for transplanting paddy (puddling) consumes about 20-40 % of the total water required for growing of crop and subsequently poses difficulties in seed bed preparation for succeeding wheat crop in rotation. It also promotes the formation of hard pan which effects rooting depth of next crop. So, in this paper discussed the different methods of establishment of rice, sowing of rice in the crop residue of wheat with different tillage systems and use of nitrogen for higher productivity of rice.

PARASITISM AND PREDATION OF YELLOW STEM BORER, SCIRPOPHAGA INCERTULAS (WALKER) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) EGGS IN TRANSPLANTED AND DIRECT SEEDED RICE

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merle Shepard ◽  
G. S. Arida
Keyword(s):  
Stem Borer ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Egg Parasitism ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Direct Seeded

Incidence of parasitism and predation of yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas, eggs was monitored in transplanted and direct seeded rice during March, 1984, to February, 1985. Monthly planting using the two crop establishment techniques allowed comparison of egg parasitism and predation at 29, 70, and 91 days after seeding. Parasites which emerged from yellow stem borer eggs were Tetrastichus schoenobii Ferriere, Telenomus rowani (Gahar) and Trichogramma spp. The incidence of parasitism was higher at 29 days after seeding and decreased with crop age in both methods of crop establishment. Contrarily, there was a trend toward more egg mass predation as the crop aged, especially in direct seeded rice. In general, the incidence of parasitism was higher in transplanted rice.

scholarly journals Crop Establishment and Weed Control Options for Sustaining Dry Direct Seeded Rice Production in Eastern India

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjoy Saha ◽  
Sushmita Munda ◽  
Sudhanshu Singh ◽  
Virender Kumar ◽  
Hemant Kumar Jangde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Establishment Method ◽  
Control Options ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Direct Seeded

Dry direct seeded rice (DSR) has emerged as an economically viable alternative to puddled transplanted rice to address emerging constraints of labor and water scarcity and the rising cost of cultivation. However, wide adoption of DSR is seriously constrained by weed management trade-off. Therefore, the availability of effective weed control options is critical for the success and wide-scale adoption of DSR. A field study was conducted at ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India, in the dry seasons of 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the performance of three crop establishment methods and five weed control practices on weed management, productivity, profitability and energetics of dry DSR. The results demonstrated that weed density and weed dry weight was lower in drill seeding than broadcast seeding by 26–36% and manual line-seeding by 16–24%, respectively, at 30 and 60 days after crop emergence (DAE). Among herbicides, post-emergence application (17 DAE) of azimsulfuron was most effective in controlling weeds compared to early post application of bispyribac-sodium and bensulfuron-methyl+pretilachlor. Weed competition in the weedy check treatment resulted 58% reduction in rice yield. Among establishment methods, drill-seeding was most profitable with US $ 685 ha−1 higher net income than broadcast seeding primarily due to higher yield. Among weed control treatments, azimsulfuron was most profitable resulting in US $ 160 and 736 ha−1 higher net income than weed free and weedy check, respectively. The specific energy was lowest for drill seeding among establishment method and azimsulfuron among weed control practices, suggesting lowest energy consumed in producing per unit of grain yield.

scholarly journals Direct Seeded Rice and its Prospects in Nepal: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2355-2364
Author(s):  
Amrit Sharma ◽  
Shaurav Sharma ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Bibek Sodari
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Cultivation Technique ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Alternative Cultivation ◽  
Early Harvest ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) is an alternative cultivation technique to the conventional Transplanted Rice (TPR). In this method, seeds are directly sown to the field without the necessity of nursery raising and transplanting. DSR can generally be divided into dry-DSR (sowing dry seeds in dry soil), wet-DSR (sowing pre-germinated seeds in moist soil) and water-seeding (sowing dry or pre-germinated seeds in standing water). This helps in saving water alongside the labour and results in early harvest due to quick crop establishment. DSR is proved to be sustainable and eco-friendly since it emits less methane than in TPR. However, there are few constraints associated with DSR such as weed infestation, crop lodging and nutrient loss. If these major issues are fixed, DSR can result in greater economic returns as compared to TPR. In absence of puddling, the soil structure can be maintained which leads to greater yields of succeeding crops. This technique has been successfully practiced in many countries like Srilanka, Malaysia and USA. In developing nations like Nepal, irrigation and labour constraints can be tackled by adopting direct-seeding for rice cultivation.

scholarly journals Productivity and economics of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 410-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Kuldeep Dahiya ◽  
Sundeep Kumar ◽  
Mukesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Direct Seeded

A field study was conducted during Kharif season of 2011 and 2012, to evaluate direct seeded rice options as compared to transplanted rice with an objective to improve farm productivity and efficiency. Labour and cost saving of 97% and 80% were observed in direct seeded rice (DSR) as compared to manual puddled transplanted rice in sowing/transplanting. Tillage and crop establishment methods had a significant effect on rice yields. Yield of manual puddled transplanted rice was significantly higher (10-12%) than DSR during both the years. DSR consumed 12-17 percent less water as compared to puddled transplanted rice during 2011, whereas, it consumed 5-9 per cent more water as compared to puddled transplanted rice during 2012. When compared to manual puddled transplanted rice, a labour saving of 7-8 percent (overall) was observed in DSR during both the years. The B: C ratio was highest in DSR in zero till condition (1.74) as compared to manual puddled transplanted rice (1.62). The study showed that the conventional practice of puddled transplanting could be replaced with zero till DSR to save water and labour.

scholarly journals ADOPTION OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE (DSR) OVER PUDDLED-TRANSPLANTED RICE (TPR) FOR RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND INCREASING WHEAT YIELD

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Sagar Bhandari ◽  
Saugat Khanal ◽  
Suman Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Labor Requirement ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Made In

Global rice production has revealed signs that it may no longer be stable in the future. Along with the increasing population, the resources for rice production are declining. Moreover, water needs labor force for transplanting rice has become insufficient because laborers are shifting from agriculture to industry, public works, and overseas job. In view of this, the Direct-seeded rice has been put forward as an appropriate substitute to traditional puddled-transplanted rice with efficiency to save water, reduced labor requirement, mitigation of green-house gas emission, and adaptability to climatic risks. It has potentiality to increase the productivity of the subsequent non-rice crop i.e. wheat particularly in Rice-Wheat cropping system, the dominant cropping system in South Asia. However, the DSR suffers from several constraints, particularly high weed infestation. The system has been proved farmers-friendly but requires more enhancements in technological approach to realize higher benefits. In recent years, strategies have been made in promoting the DSR technology by different organizations. Scientists are working in developing suitable varieties and agronomic packages for encouraging the DSR. This review describes the resource and environmental constraints of traditional puddled-transplanted rice cultivation, analyzes the advantages and constraints of DSR, and solutions to problems of DSR in Nepal.

scholarly journals Seed Priming with Potassium Nitrate and Gibberellic Acid Enhances the Performance of Dry Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in North-Western India

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Buta Singh Dhillon ◽  
Virender Kumar ◽  
Pardeep Sagwal ◽  
Navjyot Kaur ◽  
Gurjit Singh Mangat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Western India ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Direct Seeded

Poor early growth and uneven crop establishment are reported as the major bottlenecks in wide-scale adoption and optimal yield realization of dry direct-seeded rice (DSR). Seed priming can potentially help overcome these problems in DSR. Therefore, laboratory and field studies were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India, during kharif/wet-season 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the effect of different priming techniques on germination, establishment, growth, and grain yield of rice under DSR conditions. The following priming treatments were evaluated: dry non-primed seed (control), hydropriming with distilled water, halopriming with 2.0% potassium nitrate, hormopriming with 50 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3), and osmopriming with polyethylene glycol (PEG)(−0.6 MPa), each with 12 and 24 h priming duration. In 2019, priming treatments were tested under two DSR establishment methods—conventional DSR (sowing in dry soil followed by irrigation) and soil mulch DSR (locally known as vattar DSR) (sowing in moist soil after pre-sowing irrigation), whereas in 2018, priming treatments were evaluated under conventional DSR only. In both years, halopriming and hormopriming resulted in a 7–11% increase in rice yields compared to non-primed dry seed (control). Osmopriming resulted in a 4% yield increase compared to control in 2018 but not in 2019. The higher yields in halopriming and hormopriming were attributed to higher and rapid germination/crop emergence, better root growth, and improvement in yield attributes. Priming effect on crop emergence, growth, and yield did not differ by DSR establishment methods and duration of priming. Conventional DSR and soil mulch DSR did not differ in grain yield, whereas they differed in crop emergence, growth, and yield attributes. These results suggest that halopriming with 2.0% potassium nitrate and hormopriming with 50 ppm GA3 has good potential to improve crop establishment and yield of rice in both conventional and soil mulch DSR systems.

Adoption Status of Direct Seeded Rice Technology by the Farmers of Punjab

2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Kamboj ◽  
Dharminder Singh ◽  
Lakhwinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Rice Crop ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Recommended Practices ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Paddy Cultivation

Direct-seeded rice (DSR) is a possible alternative to conventional puddled transplantedrice, where rice crop is seeded directly in non-puddled fields. The study was conducted toascertain the adoption status of recommended practices of DSR. Personal interviews wereconducted to collect data from randomly selected 210 farmers from three districtsrepresenting different agro-climatic regions of Punjab. Study revealed that selected farmershad adopted DSR on 49.20 per cent of their total area under paddy cultivation. Slightlyhigher number of selected farmers had adopted Tar-Wattar, a new technique of DSR overdry soil method. Only 18.52 per cent respondents had applied first irrigation as perrecommendations of Tar-Wattar method, whereas majority (67.59%) had applied firstirrigation before 21 days. 26.67 per cent farmers had adopted most suitable variety PR-126 and sown it at recommended time. However, in case of other varieties, majority offarmers did not follow recommended time of sowing. A smaller number of farmers haveapplied zinc, iron and sulphur fertilizers to ameliorate micro nutrient deficiencies. Averageyield of others varieties and PR 126 were found to be nearly identical, but due to lessercost of cultivation in DSR as compared to transplanted rice, adopter farmers’ fetched highernet return.

scholarly journals Prevention and Control of COVID-19 by Primary Health Care Facilities in China: A Field- Survey-Based Qualitative Study in Three Typical Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunyun Yan ◽  
Teng-yang Fan ◽  
Yan-ling Zheng ◽  
Hai-qin Yang ◽  
Tian-shu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background In fulfilling the COVID-19 containment, primary health care (PHC) facilities in China played an important role. We sought to investigate the exact tasks performed at the PHC facilities and the processes of COVID-19 prevention and control.Methods Semi-structured face-to-face interviews for primary care physicians (PCPs) and a simple survey for residents were conducted in the field survey. Based-on purposive stratified sampling, 32 PCPs were selected from 22 PHC facilities in Wuhan as a high-risk city, in Shanghai as medium-risk city and in Zunyi as low-risk city. In the field survey, semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with PCPs to summarize the tasks of COVID-19 prevention and control at the PHC facilities. A simple survey was used to investigate the local residents’ awareness about COVID-19 prevention and control.Results In pre-outbreak period, the PHC facilities mainly engaged in storing medical supplies; in out-break period, they were responsible for screening, transferring, quarantine and treatment; in regular prevention and control period, attention was given to the employees and items of cold-chain & fresh food markets, etc. In Wuhan, PHC facilities focused on graded diagnoses and treatments of patients; in Shanghai, they were mainly engaged in at-home/centralized quarantine; in Zunyi, they focused on the screening of high-risk individuals. In urban areas, COVID-19 were more likely to be transmitted; in urban-rural areas, it was difficult to perform screening on the migrant populations; in rural areas, the risk was much lower. The community residents had satisfactory compliance with the preventive measures.Conclusion We identified differences in the prevention and control tasks performed at the PHC facilities in China. During the different phases of the pandemic, the tasks were adjusted depending on the gradually comprehensive understanding of COVID-19. Among the cities at different risk levels, screening, quarantine, transferring or treatment was chosen to be a priority accordingly. Located in different intra-city geographic locations at different risk levels, the PHC facilities conducted their own tasks accordingly. Additionally, compliance on the part of the local community residents could not be overemphasized in COVID-19 prevention and control.

Dissipation of Pendimethalin in Soil Under Direct Seeded and Transplanted Rice Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
Amanpreet Makkar ◽  
Pervinder Kaur ◽  
Paawan Kaur ◽  
Makhan S. Bhullar
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded
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