scholarly journals Modeling carbon emissions from urban land conversion: gamma distribution model

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Svirejeva-Hopkins ◽  
H.-J. Schellnhuber
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Distribution ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Land Conversion

scholarly journals Does Economic Agglomeration Lead to Efficient Rural to Urban Land Conversion? An Examination of China’s Metropolitan Area Development Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2002
Author(s):  
Ke Huang ◽  
Martin Dallimer ◽  
Lindsay C. Stringer ◽  
Anlu Zhang ◽  
Ting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Economic Agglomeration

Urbanization involves expansion of the amount of land covered by urban uses. Rural to urban land conversion (RULC) can satisfy demand for the additional space that growing cities require. However, there can be negative consequences, such as the loss of productive agricultural land and/or the destruction of natural habitats. Considerable interest therefore exists among policy makers and researchers regarding how the efficiency of RULC can be maximized. We used the Gini index and a data envelopment analysis to quantify the relationship between RULC and economic development for 17 metropolitan areas in China. We did this from two perspectives: (i) coordination; and (ii) efficiency. We found that economic agglomeration fosters the coordination of the amount of rural land that is allocated to be converted to urban uses. Similarly, economic agglomeration increases the efficiency of RULC in terms of the processes of socio-economic production. Through production technology innovation and readjustment in the scale of input factors, the productive efficiency of RULC can be promoted. Our findings suggest a need to strictly limit the amount of RULC, design differential land management policies according to location and development level, and adjust RULC allocation between different cities. Further, in harnessing the potential of intensive urban land use and restructuring, production factors, including land, can be enhanced through technological innovation. Research presented in this paper provides insights for areas of the world which are yet to undergo the rapid urbanization that China has experienced, but where it is projected to occur over the coming decades.

scholarly journals What Drives Landowners to Resist Selling Their Land? Insights from Ethical Capitalism and Landowners’ Perceptions

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Ruxandra Malina Petrescu-Mag ◽  
Hamid Rastegari Kopaei ◽  
Dacinia Crina Petrescu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Land Grabbing ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Land Acquisitions ◽  
Large Scale Land ◽  
Land Transactions

Foreign land grabbing is acknowledged as a phenomenon that generates disempowerment and dispossession of local farmers, human rights violations. Previous studies have revealed the lack of ethical benchmarks in foreign large-scale land transactions that raise moral concerns. It is evident that when resources are scarce and people depend on them, the balance between values and interests transforms itself into a dilemma. Within this context, the aims of the paper were to bring to the fore critical reflection on a more ethical perspective of large-scale land acquisitions and to extend the scant information on what factors determine landowners not to sell their land to foreigners to limit land grabbing. This context justifies the need for a critical reflection on a more ethical perspective of large-scale land acquisitions. Therefore, two objectives were set. The first one is to document the role of ethics in large-scale land transactions. Based on the land grabbing literature, authors selected a set of eight land grabbing narratives, most often interrelated and overlapping, that pose ethical considerations. The second objective is to reveal how well a set of variables can predict the “Resistance to sell” the land to foreigners even when an attractive price is offered. As ethics is a social construct, the analysis captured the stakeholders’ perspective on land grabbing. Therefore, a questionnaire was applied to a sample of 332 Romanian landowners from twelve randomly selected counties to reveal their perceptions. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to observe how well a set of seven variables could predict landowners’ “Resistance to sell” their land to foreign buyers. The use of PLS-SEM was justified by the existence of single items and the need to examine many structural model relations. Results showed that the variables with the strongest contribution to the prediction of the dependent variable are the “Probability to join an association for farmers rights defense”, the “Importance of the land price offered by the potential foreign buyer”, and the “Perceived effect of agricultural land conversion to urban land”. Raising awareness on the importance of buyer attributes, increasing people’s perception of the negative effect of agricultural land conversion to urban land, or strengthening the state’s image as a necessary actor to limit land grabbing will increase landowners’ resistance to sell their land to foreigners. Finally, it can be inferred that, within this frame of discussion, ethics should be valued as a means to create economically viable and morally justifiable solutions for foreign large-scale land transactions.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Diffusion MR Imaging Data using a Gamma Distribution Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi OSHIO ◽  
Hiroshi SHINMOTO ◽  
Robert V. MULKERN
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Gamma Distribution ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Diffusion Mr ◽  
Diffusion Mr Imaging

scholarly journals Bit Error Rate Analysis of Different Modulation Schemes in Free Space Optics Link using Gamma-Gamma Turbulence Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8292-8295
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Gamma Distribution ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Phase Shift Keying ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Shift Keying

Free Space Optical (FSO) link using gamma-gamma channel model has been studied in this paper. Comparison of the probability density function of gamma-gamma distribution under weak and strong turbulence regime has been performed. Performance of Bit error rate (BER) using different subcarrier-intensity modulation (SIM) schemes such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK), M-ary phase shift keying (M-PSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) have been also investigated. Using MATLAB software, the BER is plotted with respect to normalized signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the link distance. All the analysis has been done using the Gamma-Gamma distribution model. In this work we found that the effectiveness of each modulation technique depends on the environment.

scholarly journals Production-Distribution Model Considering Traceability and Carbon Emission: A Case Study of the Indonesian Canned Fish Food Industry

Logistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Dwi Iryaning Handayani ◽  
Ilyas Masudin ◽  
Ahmad Rusdiansyah ◽  
Judi Suharsono
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Canned Fish ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Production And Distribution

Background: Traceability systems and carbon emissions are two important factors involved in production and distribution activities. The involvement of these two factors in production and distribution activities along the supply chain will ensure the safety and quality of food through the manufacture, packaging and distribution of products with minimal costs and in an environmentally friendly way. Objective: This study aimed to develop a model of canned fish food production and distribution integration by considering traceability and carbon emissions to minimize total costs. Method: A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach was used to develop mathematical models and the optimal solution of the model created was obtained using an open-source spreadsheet solver program. Results: The results show that the proposed models produce the minimum total production and distribution cost with high traceability and low carbon emissions. Conclusions: The sensitivity analysis from this study shows that there is a significant relationship between production, carbon emissions, and the total cost of production-distribution. Moreover, it was concluded that the production level, carbon emission level, and emission threshold can have a significant influence in the generation of the total carbon emissions.

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