ASSESSMENT OF INDOOR AND OUTDOOR EXPOSURE TO AIRBORNE PARTICLES IN SUBWAY METRO STATIONS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED HEALTH RISKS

This study aimed to determine indoor and outdoor levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to assess potential risks among residents living in the vicinity of an optoelectronics industrial park in 2006–2007. We used steel canisters to collect 72 indoor samples and 80 outdoor samples over 24 h. Gas chromatography with a mass-selective detector was used for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The amounts of time residents spent doing activities in different microenvironments were determined by the self-administered questionnaire. The chronic hazard index (HIc) and cancer risk were applied to assess the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of VOCs among residents. Four VOCs of ethanol (indoor: 77.8 ± 92.8 μg/m3; outdoor: 26.8 ± 49.6 μg/m3), toluene (67.0 ± 36.7 μg/m3; 56.9 ± 19.0 μg/m3), m/p-xylene (50.8 ± 66.1 μg/m3; 21.2 ± 20.3 μg/m3), and acetone (37.7 ± 27.5 μg/m3; 25.8 ± 9.8 μg/m3) were identified as dominant components in both the indoor and outdoor environments. Total VOCs and six VOCs of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene, and ethanol in indoor sites were significantly higher than those in outdoor sites (all p-values < 0.05). All estimated HIc values were less than unity and the cancer risk of benzene exposure was 1.8 × 10−4 (range: 9.3 × 10−5 to 3.4 × 10−4) based on resident time-weighted patterns. Strategies to reduce benzene exposure should be implemented to protect public health.

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The impact of household air cleaners on the oxidative potential of PM2.5 and the role of metals and sources associated with indoor and outdoor exposure

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.envres.2019.108919 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 181 ◽

pp. 108919 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Collin Brehmer ◽

Christina Norris ◽

Karoline K. Barkjohn ◽

Mike H. Bergin ◽

Junfeng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Outdoor Exposure ◽

Oxidative Potential ◽

Air Cleaners ◽

The Impact ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

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Comet Test in Saliva Leukocytes of Pre-School Children Exposed to Air Pollution in North Italy: The Respira Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17093276 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 3276 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Claudia Zani ◽

Elisabetta Ceretti ◽

Ilaria Zerbini ◽

Gaia Claudia Viviana Viola ◽

Francesco Donato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Dna Damage ◽

School Children ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Outdoor Exposure ◽

Airborne Pollutants ◽

Exposure Variable ◽

Two Measures ◽

The Relationship ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

Air pollution is a well-known problem for human health, especially for children living in highly polluted urban areas. This study aimed to assess the relationship between airborne pollutants concentration and biomarkers of DNA damage in the buccal mucosa cells of pre-school children. DNA damage was investigated with comet test in saliva leukocytes taken from sputum of 3- to 6-year-old children living in Brescia, Northern Italy, collected during two consecutive winter seasons (2012–2013). The daily levels of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, CO, SO2, benzene and O3 in urban air were collected for the whole period. A questionnaire filled in by the children’s parents was used to evaluate indoor and outdoor exposure. DNA damage in saliva leukocytes was evaluated in 152 children and the means of tail intensity and visual score as DNA damage were 6.2 ± 4.3 and 182.1 ± 30.9, respectively. No demographic and indoor or outdoor exposure variable was associated with the two measures of DNA damage. No significant association between air pollution and DNA damage in children’s buccal leukocytes was found. In this study, the comet assay does not appear to be a valuable biomarker to detect DNA damage in children exposed to high levels of air pollutants, such as PM10, PM2.5 and NO2.

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Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Relationship Between Indoor and Outdoor Airborne Particles in an Operating Room

Indoor and Built Environment ◽

10.1177/1420326x12460707 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 864-875 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcelo Luiz Pereira ◽

Rogério Vilain ◽

Flávio Henrique Ferreira Galvão ◽

Arlindo Tribess ◽

Lidia Morawska

Keyword(s):

Numerical Analysis ◽

Operating Room ◽

Airborne Particles ◽

The Relationship ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

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Size Distribution, Bioaccessibility and Health Risks of Indoor/Outdoor Airborne Toxic Elements Collected from School Office Room

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos9090340 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 340 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhi-Jie Tang ◽

Xin Hu ◽

Jun-Qin Qiao ◽

Hong-Zhen Lian

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Health Risks ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Inhalation Exposure ◽

Potential Health ◽

Lung Fluid ◽

Mass Size ◽

Office Rooms ◽

Simulated Lung Fluid ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

20 sets of indoor and outdoor size-segregated aerosol (SSA) samples (180 foils) were collected synchronously by using two 8 Stage Non-Viable Cascade Impactor from an office room in the central region of the megacity-Nanjing, China in winter and spring in 2016. The mass size distribution of SSAs was bimodal for outdoor SSAs and unimodal for indoor in both winter and spring. The crustal elements, such as K, Ca, Mg and Fe, were mainly distributed in the coarse fractions of SSAs while toxic elements such as As, Cd, Pb and Sb were enriched more in the fine fractions in both winter and spring. Moreover, indoor/outdoor (I/O) concentration ratios of SSAs and inorganic elements indicated the penetration of outdoor fine fractions of SSAs into indoor air. As, Pb, V and Mn showed higher inhalation bioaccessibility extracted by the artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF); while V, As, Sr and Cd showed higher inhalation bioaccessibility using the simulated lung fluid (SLF), suggesting differences in elemental inhalation bioaccessibility between ALF and SLF extraction. There were similar potential carcinogenic and accumulative non-carcinogenic risks via inhalation exposure to indoor and outdoor particle-bound toxic elements based on their bioaccessible concentrations. Therefore, the potential health risks to human posed by toxic elements in office rooms cannot be neglected via inhalation exposure of the fine airborne particles.

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Personal, indoor, and outdoor exposure to VOCs in the immediate vicinity of a local airport

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment ◽

10.1007/s10661-010-1404-9 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 173 (1-4) ◽

pp. 555-567 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Kyung-Hwa Jung ◽

Francisco Artigas ◽

Jin Young Shin

Keyword(s):

Outdoor Exposure ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

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The relationship between indoor and outdoor airborne particles in the residential environment

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00097-8 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 35 (20) ◽

pp. 3463-3473 ◽

Cited By ~ 123

Author(s):

Lidia Morawska ◽

Congrong He ◽

Jane Hitchins ◽

Dale Gilbert ◽

Sandhya Parappukkaran

Keyword(s):

Residential Environment ◽

Airborne Particles ◽

The Relationship ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

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A Non-conventional Approach to Understanding the Geographical Influence on the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and IFR

10.21203/rs.3.rs-479777/v5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Udaya Ketipearachchi

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Mathematical Modelling ◽

Outdoor Exposure ◽

Dew Point ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Temperature Dependency ◽

Indirect Transmission ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is not well understood and different models are needed (i.e. one model cannot answer it all) to understand and fight this disease. Mathematical modelling is a powerful tool for understanding transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and evaluating possible events or scenarios. Here, we present two models based on indirect transmission of SARSCoV-2 that explain the influence of ambient temperature and air pollution on outdoor and indoor behavior of SARS-CoV-2. These models discuss the temperature dependency of the lethality of SARS-CoV-2 and its spread during indoor and outdoor exposure. Furthermore, the temperature effect on the half-life of SARS-CoV-2 is discussed if the SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted via particulate matter or surfaces. It is also important to understand the role of dew point instead of the humidity factor alone as the combined effect of temperature and humidity might play a major role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 .

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A Non-conventional Approach to Understanding the Geographical Influence on the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and IFR

10.21203/rs.3.rs-479777/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Udaya Ketipearachchi

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Half Life ◽

Outdoor Exposure ◽

Dew Point ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Temperature Dependency ◽

Indirect Transmission ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is not well understood and different models are needed (i.e. one model cannot answer it all) to understand and fight this disease. Here, we present two models based on indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 that explain the influence of ambient temperature and air pollution on outdoor and indoor behavior of SARS-CoV-2. These models discuss the temperature dependency of the lethality of SARS-CoV-2 and its spread during indoor and outdoor exposure. Furthermore, the temperature effect on the half-life of SARS-CoV-2 is discussed if the SARSCoV-2 is transmitted via particulate matter or surfaces. It is also important to understand the role of dew point instead of the humidity factor alone as the combined effect of temperature and humidity might play a major role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 .

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