scholarly journals Textual Membership Queries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Zarecki ◽  
Shaul Markovitch
Keyword(s):  
Text Classification ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Training Set ◽  
The Core ◽  
Membership Queries ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Classifier Performance ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Classification Tasks ◽  
Instance Space

Human labeling of data can be very time-consuming and expensive, yet, in many cases it is critical for the success of the learning process. In order to minimize human labeling efforts, we propose a novel active learning solution that does not rely on existing sources of unlabeled data. It uses a small amount of labeled data as the core set for the synthesis of useful membership queries (MQs) — unlabeled instances generated by an algorithm for human labeling. Our solution uses modification operators, functions that modify instances to some extent. We apply the operators on a small set of instances (core set), creating a set of new membership queries. Using this framework, we look at the instance space as a search space and apply search algorithms in order to generate new examples highly relevant to the learner. We implement this framework in the textual domain and test it on several text classification tasks and show improved classifier performance as more MQs are labeled and incorporated into the training set. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on membership queries in the textual domain.

Methodology for Investigating Human Metamemory

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dunlosky ◽  
Michael L. Mueller ◽  
Keith W. Thiede
Keyword(s):  
Memory Research ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Core Issues ◽  
Phases Of Learning ◽  
Interpretation Of Results

Research on metamemory focuses on a core set of issues that pertain to people’s beliefs about memory, their monitoring of memory, and their control of memory. To address these issues, researchers have used variants of a small set of methods, which often involve using standard memory methods and then having participants make judgments about their memory or control different phases of learning. Despite the overlap of methods with standard memory research, metamemory research poses some unique problems and pitfalls that can make interpretation of results tricky. The present chapter overviews the core issues addressed by the majority of metamemory research and describes the general methods typically used to address them. Most important, it highlights some of the problems and pitfalls of metamemory research and offers some suggestions on how to solve or sidestep them.

scholarly journals A Fast and Exact Greedy Algorithm for the Core–Periphery Problem

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Fasino ◽  
Franca Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Polynomial Time Algorithm ◽  
Time Algorithm ◽  
Combinatorial Optimization Problem ◽  
Connected Subgraph ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Key Concepts

The core–periphery structure is one of the key concepts in the structural analysis of complex networks. It consists of a partitioning of the node set of a given graph or network into two groups, called core and periphery, where the core nodes induce a well-connected subgraph and share connections with peripheral nodes, while the peripheral nodes are loosely connected to the core nodes and other peripheral nodes. We propose a polynomial-time algorithm to detect core–periphery structures in networks having a symmetric adjacency matrix. The core set is defined as the solution of a combinatorial optimization problem, which has a pleasant symmetry with respect to graph complementation. We provide a complete description of the optimal solutions to that problem and an exact and efficient algorithm to compute them. The proposed approach is extended to networks with loops and oriented edges. Numerical simulations are carried out on both synthetic and real-world networks to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed algorithm.

scholarly journals Developing a Delphi-Based Comprehensive Core Set from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Framework for the Rehabilitation of Patients with Burn Injuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3970
Author(s):  
Yu-Ru Lin ◽  
Jr-Yi Wang ◽  
Shun-Cheng Chang ◽  
Kwang-Hwa Chang ◽  
Hung-Chou Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Disability And Health ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Set

Burn injuries cause disability and functional limitations in daily living. In a 2015 fire explosion in Taiwan, 499 young people sustained burn injuries. The construction of an effective and comprehensive rehabilitation program that enables patients to regain their previous function is imperative. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) includes multiple dimensions that can contribute to meeting this goal. An ICF core set was developed in this study for Taiwanese patients with burns. A consensus process using three rounds of the Delphi technique was employed. A multidisciplinary team of 30 experts from various institutions was formed. The questionnaire used in this study comprised 162 ICF second-level categories relevant to burn injuries. A 5-point Likert scale was used, and participants assigned a weight to the effect of each category on daily activities after burns. The consensus among ratings was assessed using Spearman’s ρ and semi-interquartile range indices. The core set for post-acute SCI was developed from categories that attained a mean score of ≥4.0 in the third round of the Delphi exercise. The core ICF set contained 68 categories. Of these, 19 comprised the component of body functions, 5 comprised body structures, 37 comprised activities and participation, and 7 comprised environmental factors. This preliminary core set offers a comprehensive system for disability assessment and verification following burn injury. The core set provides information for effective rehabilitation strategy setting for patients with burns. Further feasibility and validation studies are required in the future.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Current Trends in CBR Research Using Multi-View Clustering

AI Magazine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Greene ◽  
Jill Freyne ◽  
Barry Smyth ◽  
Pádraig Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Case Based

The European Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) in 2008 marked 15 years of international and European CBR conferences where almost seven hundred research papers were published. In this report we review the research themes covered in these papers and identify the topics that are active at the moment. The main mechanism for this analysis is a clustering of the research papers based on both co-citation links and text similarity. It is interesting to note that the core set of papers has attracted citations from almost three thousand papers outside the conference collection so it is clear that the CBR conferences are a sub-part of a much larger whole. It is remarkable that the research themes revealed by this analysis do not map directly to the sub-topics of CBR that might appear in a textbook. Instead they reflect the applications-oriented focus of CBR research, and cover the promising application areas and research challenges that are faced.

Investigating the Validity of the Minimal Disease Activity State for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with Abatacept

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE A. WELLS ◽  
MAARTEN BOERS ◽  
TRACY LI ◽  
PETER S. TUGWELL
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Minimal Disease Activity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Minimal Disease ◽  
Activity State

Objective.To validate the definitions of minimal disease activity (MDA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to compare abatacept to control with respect to patients attaining a state of MDA.Methods.Two randomized controlled trials comparing abatacept to control in patients with RA were considered: ATTAIN and AIM. Core set measures, Disease Activity Score 28-joint count (DAS28), and, for AIM, radiographic scores were available. The core set and DAS-based definitions for MDA were calculated and the number of patients in the treatment groups meeting the definitions was compared to determine sensitivity of the criteria to treatment differences and patient severity. The number of times achieving MDA was compared to the change in Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and for the AIM study compared to change in radiographic scores.Results.For both definitions of MDA, the change in radiographic scores showed a continual decrease in progression the more often a patient was in MDA. The change in HAQ, for both studies, showed a similar consistent improvement — the longer a patient was in MDA, then the better the HAQ score. Significantly more patients in the abatacept group met the core set and DAS-based definition of MDA than in the control group.Conclusion.The presence and persistence of MDA was associated with slowing of radiographic progression and improvement in the HAQ, providing support for discriminative and predictive validity of the measure. The MDA results were consistent with other efficacy analyses indicating a treatment advantage for abatacept.

DERANDOMIZED LEARNING OF BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS OVER FINITE ABELIAN GROUPS

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 491-516
Author(s):  
M. SITHARAM ◽  
TIMOTHY STRANEY
Keyword(s):  
Boolean Functions ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Abelian Groups ◽  
Query Complexity ◽  
Character Theory ◽  
Finite Abelian Groups ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Membership Queries ◽  
Approximation Classes ◽  
Query Model

We employ the Always Approximately Correct or AAC model defined in [35], to prove learnability results for classes of Boolean functions over arbitrary finite Abelian groups. This model is an extension of Angluin's Query model of exact learning. The Boolean functions we consider belong to approximation classes, i.e. functions that are approximable (in various norms) by few Fourier basis functions, or irreducible characters of the domain Abelian group. We contrast our learnability results to previous results for similar classes in the PAC model of learning with and without membership queries. In addition, we discuss new, natural issues and questions that arise when the AAC model is used. One such question is whether a uniform training set is available for learning any function in a given approximation class. No analogous question seems to have been studied in the context of Angluin's Query model. Another question is whether the training set can be found quickly if the approximation class of the function is completely unknown to the learner, or only partial information about the approximation class is given to the learner (in addition to the answers to membership queries). In order to prove the learnability results in this paper we require new techniques for efficiently sampling Boolean functions using the character theory of finite Abelian groups, as well as the development of algebraic algorithms. The techniques result in other natural applications closely related to learning, for example, query complexity of deterministic algorithms for testing linearity, efficient pseudorandom generators, and estimating VC dimensions for classes of Boolean functions over finite Abelian groups.

scholarly journals Clinical assessment of balance using BBS and SARAbal in cerebellar ataxia: Synthesis of findings of a psychometric property analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley John Winser ◽  
Catherine M Smith ◽  
Leigh A Hale ◽  
Leica S Claydon ◽  
Susan L Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebellar Ataxia ◽  
Psychometric Property ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Psychometric Analysis ◽  
Balance Assessment ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Set

Background: In the previous psychometric analysis paper in our series for identifying the core set of balance measures for the assessment of balance, we recommended the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and balance sub-components of the Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARAbal) as psychometrically sound measures of balance for people with cerebellar ataxia (CA) secondary to multiple sclerosis. Objective: The present study further examined the suitability of BBS and SARAbal for the assessment of balance in CA with regard to psychometric property strength, appropriateness, interpretability, precision, acceptability and feasibility. Methods: Criteria to fulfill each factor was defined according to the framework of Fitzpatrick et al. (1998). Based on the findings of our previous psychometric analysis, each criterion was further analyzed. Results: The psychometric analysis reported good reliability and validity estimates for the BBS and SARAbal recommending them as psychometrically sound measures; they fulfilled both criteria for appropriateness and interpretability, the measures showed evidence for precision and acceptability, and they were found to be feasible in terms of the time and cost involved for the balance assessment. Conclusion: We have provided evidence for the use of the BBS and SARAbal for the assessment of balance among people with CA.

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