scholarly journals The Immune Imbalance of Treg/Th17 in Otitis Media of Effusion Patients May be Related to PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Activation in the Middle Ear Mucosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xianhai Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Signaling Activation ◽  
Immune Imbalance

The Immune Imbalance of Treg/Th17 in Otitis Media of Effusion Patients May Be Related to PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Activation in the Middle Ear Mucosa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Tang ◽  
Xianhai Zeng ◽  
Juanjuan Li ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Hancheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Foxp3 Mrna ◽  
Abnormal Immune Response ◽  
Signaling Activation ◽  
Immune Imbalance

Abstract Objective: To assess whether secretory otitis media may be caused by immune imbalance of Treg/Th17 mediated by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, so as to find new therapeutic target.Methods: IL-17, TGF- and IL-6, IL-10 and Th17 cytokines were detected in peripheral blood of OME patients (PC group) and healthy people (NC group) by ELISA. The expression of ROR t mRNA and Foxp3mRNA in PBMC was detected by RT-PCR. OME rat model was established and the changes of lymphocytes in middle ear mucosa and spleen and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in middle ear mucosa were detected by HE staining, IHC, WB and flow cytometry.Results: The immune imbalance of Treg/Th17 in secretory otitis media (OME) was confirmed by the expression of cytokines in OME serum and analysis of ROR T and Foxp3 mRNA which was Th17 and Treg specific transcription respectively. OME rat model further confirmed that Treg/Th17 imbalance could lead to OME as demonstrated by staining of MIDDLE ear mucosa and expression of ROR T and Foxp3. PI3K, Akt, and mTOR proteins were expressed in the MIDDLE ear mucosa of OME group and CON group, respectively. Compared with CON group, the expression of P-MTOR and P-PI3K proteins in the middle ear mucosa of OME group was significantly increased.Conclusions: Treg/Th17 imbalances are found in OME patients and OME animal model and the pathogenic mechanism may be due to systemic abnormal immune response, activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, abnormal T cell differentiation, leading to middle ear mucosal hyperemia, edema and subsequent occurrence of OME.

Effects of Platelet Activating Factor on the Tubotympanic Mucosa and Inner Ear in the Guinea Pig

1998 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 876-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Ohno ◽  
Yoshihiro Ohashi ◽  
Hideki Okamoto ◽  
Yoshikazu Sugiura ◽  
Yoshiaki Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa

The effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) was studied to elucidate its role in the pathogenesis of otitis media and sensorineural hearing loss. The PAF alone did not induce a reduction of ciliary activity of the cultured middle ear mucosa. However, a dose-dependent decrease in ciliary activity was observed in the presence of the medium containing both PAF and macrophages. Intravenous injection of PAF did not induce dysfunction of the mucociliary system or morphologic changes of epithelium in the tubotympanum, but cytoplasmic vacuolization and ballooning were observed in the inner ear within 1 hour after injection of PAF. In contrast, intratympanic injection of PAF induced mucociliary dysfunction and some pathologic changes in the tubotympanum. Intratympanic inoculation of PAF induced no pathologic findings in the inner ear. These results suggest that PAF is at least partially involved in the pathogenesis of certain middle ear diseases such as otitis media with effusion. Additionally, PAF might be involved in the pathogenesis of some types of unexplained sensorineural hearing loss.

Acute Suppurative Otitis Media

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
D. Stewart Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid ◽  
Purulent Fluid

Most pediatricians recognize and treat acute otitis media several times each day. Yet there is wide disagreement about certain aspects of its diagnosis and treatment, despite a large and growing literature on the subject. This review attempts to summarize what is known about acute otitis media in children. DEFINITION Acute suppurative otitis media is distinguished from secretory (serous) otitis media by the presence of purulent fluid in the middle ear. Pathogenic bacteria may be cultured from the majority of needle aspirates of this purulent fluid. In secretory otitis media, relatively few polymorphonuclear cells are present in the middle ear fluid, which is either thin and straw-colored (serous) or thick and translucent grey (mucoid). The fluid has the chemical characteristics either of a transudate of plasma or of a mucoid secretion, presumably produced by goblet cells and mucous glands which are greatly increased in the middle ear mucosa of patients with secretory otitis media. Cultures of this middle ear fluid are usually negative for pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Suppurative otitis media can be diagnosed positively only by aspiration of purulent fluid from the middle ear, but this procedure is rarely necessary for initial diagnosis and management. Clinical findings helpful in distinguishing suppurative from secretory otitis media are discussed below. INCIDENCE In a study of 847 British children during the first five years of life, 19% had at least one episode of otitis media; one third of these had more than one episode. This was considered to be a minimal estimate in these children, since otorrhea was the chief criterion for diagnosis.

S224 – Efficacy of Long Silastic Sheet in COM Surgery

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P150-P150
Author(s):  
Hyong-Ho Cho ◽  
Hyun-Seok Choi ◽  
Chul-Ho Jang ◽  
Yong-Bum Cho
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Mastoid Cavity ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Hearing Result ◽  
Staged Operation ◽  
Canal Wall Up

Objectives To determine the effect of long silastic sheet for middle ear aeration in chronic otitis media surgery. Methods Between January 2003 and May 2007, 46 patients underwent planned staged canal wall up tympanomastoidetomy, because possibility of residual cholesteatoma and severe swelling middle ear mucosa, especially around the stapes. Long silastic sheet was inserted from mastoid cavity to middle ear via facial recess during operation procedure. To determine the effect of long silastic sheet for recovery of mastoid aeration, various factors such as computed tomography grading, Valsalva maneuver grading for Eustachian function, and hearing result were compared. Results During the average follow-up of 31 months, there was 1 recurred chronic otitis media which was revealed tuberculosis otitis media. Intact tympanic membrane was obtained in 45(97.8%) of 46 patients. In CT grading, middle ear aeration was increased significantly (p<0.05). Air-Bone gap was significantly decreased after staged operation, preoperative average ABG was 29.7dB and last average ABG was 21.0dB (p <0.05). But Eustachian function using Valsalva manerver was not significantly changed (p >0.05). Conclusions Long silastic sheet insertion from mastoid to middle ear is statistically effective for amelioration of middle ear and mastoid aeration after the first-stage operation.

scholarly journals Direct Detection of Bacterial Biofilms on the Middle-Ear Mucosa of Children With Chronic Otitis Media

JAMA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luanne Hall-Stoodley ◽  
Fen Ze Hu ◽  
Armin Gieseke ◽  
Laura Nistico ◽  
Duc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa

Experimental Otitis Media Evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An in Vivo Model

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny H. Chan ◽  
William J. Doyle ◽  
J. Douglas Swarts ◽  
David Kardatzke ◽  
Yoshie Hashida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Washout Rate ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa

The use of magnetic resonance imaging in otitis media research is being explored in our laboratory. In this study, we present a new method for studying changes in the middle ear cleft due to an episode of induced otitis media in the chinchilla model. It uses gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, to examine the uptake and washout characteristics of middle ear mucosa during an inflammatory episode. Parameters such as the time to maximum intensity of the mucosa and the washout rate of the contrast agent from the mucosa were significantly correlated to the duration of the infection.

scholarly journals High Human Papillomavirus DNA loads in Inflammatory Middle Ear Diseases

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Malagutti ◽  
John Charles Rotondo ◽  
Luca Cerritelli ◽  
Claudio Melchiorri ◽  
Monica De Mattei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
Hpv Dna

Background. Previous studies reported human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in middle ear tumors, whereas these viruses have been poorly investigated in chronic inflammatory middle ear diseases. We investigated HPVs in non-tumor middle ear diseases, including chronic otitis media (COM). Methods. COM specimens (n = 52), including chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) (n =38) and cholesteatoma (COMC) (n = 14), as well as normal middle ear (NME) specimens (n = 56) were analyzed. HPV sequences and DNA loads were analyzed by quantitative-PCR. HPV genotyping was performed by direct sequencing. Results. HPV DNA was detected in 23% (12/52) of COM and in 30.4% (17/56) of NME (p > 0.05). Specifically, HPV DNA sequences were found in 26.3% (10/38) of CSOM and in 14.3% (2/14) of COMC (p > 0.05). Interestingly, the HPV DNA load was higher in COMC (mean 7.47 copy/cell) than in CSOM (mean 1.02 copy/cell) and NME (mean 1.18 copy/cell) (P = 0.03 and P = 0.017 versus CSOM and NME, respectively). HPV16 and HPV18 were the main genotypes detected in COMC, CSOM and NME. Conclusions. These data suggest that HPV may infect the middle ear mucosa, whereas HPV-positive COMCs are associated with higher viral DNA loads as compared to NME.

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