scholarly journals Differential Impact Of Sound On Saccades Vergence And Combined Eye Movements: A Multiple Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zoï Kapoula ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
Latency Duration

Most of the previous literature regarding eye movements use visual stimuli alone. However, in real life, visual and auditory stimuli occur together frequently. It has been shown that a sound presented just before or simultaneously with the visual target reduces the latency of the saccades. The present study investigates the effect of a sound presented shortly before the LED visual target for three types of eye movements: saccades, vergences and combined eye movements. Fourteen participants (6 women, mean age: 22.6 +/- 0.62 years) took part in the study. Each type of eye movements was tested in two conditions: one with visual LED targets alone, the other with a sound coming for a buzzer adjacent to the LED, and preceding by 50 ms the onset of the LED target (auditory-visual target). Eye movements were recorded at 220 Hz for each eye with the Eyeseecam binocular devicehttps://www.eyeseetec.de/eyeseecam-sci/). The results confirm that the sound significantly reduces the latency of the saccades. In contrast, for convergence or divergence the sound did not decrease the latency but it did increase the velocity and reduced the duration of such movements significantly. For combined saccade vergence movements particularly leftward, the sound had multiple effects on the saccade component: it decreased the duration of the saccade component and reciprocally increased its velocity but also reduced its latency. Such mixed effects on latency duration and velocity of the saccade component favor the hypothesis that saccade components of combined eye movements are subtended by a co-activation of both, saccade and vergence brainstem generators. The differential benefit from the sound according to the type of eye movements is of theoretical and clinical interest.

scholarly journals Identification of Risk Factors Affecting PPP Waste-to-Energy Incineration Projects in China: A Multiple Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Liu ◽  
Chenjunyan Sun ◽  
Bo Xia ◽  
Sai Liu ◽  
Martin Skitmore
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Risk Allocation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Multiple Case

Waste-to-energy (WTE) incineration technologies are considered an effective solution for sustainable and efficient municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in China, and the public-private partnership (PPP) arrangement has been widely used to construct and operate WTE incineration projects. However, PPP WTE incineration projects in China are affected by numerous risks due to the long concession period, various participants, and other factors commonly involved in PPPs, resulting in a number of failures. In light of the pivotal role that risk identification, analysis, and response play in the successful development of PPP WTE incineration projects, this paper presents a multiple case study to identify the risk factors involved in China by drawing on experience from the real-life risk events of 35 PPP WTE incineration plants. 18 risk factors are identified; the most critical of which being public opposition risk, environmental pollution risk, government decision-making risk, a defective legal and regulatory system, and MSW supply risk. The results of the study provide a solid foundation for the future risk analysis, risk allocation, and risk response of PPP WTE incineration projects, and shed light on performance improvement of the PPP WTE incineration projects as well as the development of the PPP WTE industry in China.

scholarly journals Hearing Amplification Improves Eye Movements: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zoï Kapoula ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Visual Targets ◽  
Subject Material

Background: Using two different approaches, we study the possible interaction between the sound and the preparation and execution of eye movements. The first approach deals with the sensory modalities of the target to which eye movements are made, the second with the hearing amplification of the subject. Material: Saccades and vergence were tested for a healthy 19-year-old student performing his internship in the lab. Tests with visual vs audiovisual targets were done. The normal hearing participant performed all tests with a hearing bilateral device that was adjusted in different conditions either at zero (no amplification), moderate amplification, or high amplification. Experimentations were made over a month, and the different tests were executed following a Latin square design. Results: We found statistical differences between eye movements towards audio-visual targets and visual targets in the absence of hearing amplification. The presence of the sound component on the stimulus improved the preparation and execution of saccades and impacted the execution of vergence. The hearing amplification has a differential impact on eye-movements towards visual targets. For vergence, it significantly reduced the amplitude of convergence. For saccades, it increased the amplitude and decreased the latency. These results could be due to an arousal state elicited by the amplifying background noise and sound coming from the participant himself. Conclusion: This pilot study opens the investigation of the different interactions between sound and saccade and vergence eye movements. We hope that these results will inspire other studies.

scholarly journals Industry 4.0 and the New Simulation Modelling Paradigm

Organizacija ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaž Rodič
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Multiple Case

Abstract Background and Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present the influence of Industry 4.0 on the development of the new simulation modelling paradigm, embodied by the Digital Twin concept, and examine the adoption of the new paradigm via a multiple case study involving real-life R&D cases involving academia and industry. Design: We introduce the Industry 4.0 paradigm, presents its background, current state of development and its influence on the development of the simulation modelling paradigm. Further, we present the multiple case study methodology and examine several research and development projects involving automated industrial process modelling, presented in recent scientific publications and conclude with lessons learned. Results: We present the research problems and main results from five individual cases of adoption of the new simulation modelling paradigm. Main lesson learned is that while the new simulation modelling paradigm is being adopted by big companies and SMEs, there are significant differences depending on company size in problems that they face, and the methodologies and technologies they use to overcome the issues. Conclusion: While the examined cases indicate the acceptance of the new simulation modelling paradigm in the industrial and scientific communities, its adoption in academic environment requires close cooperation with industry partners and diversification of knowledge of researchers in order to build integrated, multi-level models of cyber-physical systems. As shown by the presented cases, lack of tools is not a problem, as the current generation of general purpose simulation modelling tools offers adequate integration options.

Die Problematik der Implementierung von Kinästhetik in Einrichtungen der stationären Langzeitpflege – Eine Multiple Case-Study

Pflege ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Carola Maurer ◽  
Heidrun Gattinger ◽  
Hanna Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Multiple Case

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Einrichtungen der stationären Langzeitpflege investieren seit Jahren Ressourcen in die Entwicklung der Kinästhetikkompetenz der Pflegenden. Aus aktuellen Studien geht hervor, dass die Implementierung, bzw. die nachhaltige Förderung der Kinästhetikkompetenz problematisch ist, vertiefte Erkenntnisse zu den Ursachen fehlen jedoch. Fragestellung: Welche Hemmnisse verhindern eine nachhaltige Implementierung von Kinästhetik in Einrichtungen der stationären Langzeitpflege? Methode: Es wurde eine Multiple Case-Study in drei Einrichtungen der deutschsprachigen Schweiz durchgeführt. Aus leitfadengestützten Interviews und (fallbezogener) Literatur zum externen Kontext wurden in den Within-Case-Analysen die Daten induktiv verdichtet und diese Ergebnisse in der Cross-Case-Synthese miteinander verglichen und abstrahierend zusammengeführt. Ergebnisse: Die Synthese zeigt, dass die Implementierung von Kinästhetik innerhalb der Einrichtung auf drei verschiedenen Ebenen – der Leitungs-, Pflegeteam- und Pflegeperson-Ebene – als auch durch externe Faktoren negativ beeinflusst werden kann. Schlussfolgerungen: In der Pflegepraxis und -wissenschaft sowie im Gesundheitswesen benötigt es ein grundlegendes Verständnis von Kinästhetik und wie dieses im Kontext des professionellen Pflegehandelns einzuordnen ist. Insbesondere Leitungs- und implementierungsverantwortliche Personen müssen mögliche Hemmnisse kennen, um entsprechende Strategien entwickeln zu können.

Animal Recognition and Eye Movements

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby J. Lloyd-Jones ◽  
Juergen Gehrke ◽  
Jason Lauder
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Object Orientation ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Object Decision ◽  
Individual Features ◽  
And Performance

We assessed the importance of outline contour and individual features in mediating the recognition of animals by examining response times and eye movements in an animal-object decision task (i.e., deciding whether or not an object was an animal that may be encountered in real life). There were shorter latencies for animals as compared with nonanimals and performance was similar for shaded line drawings and silhouettes, suggesting that important information for recognition lies in the outline contour. The most salient information in the outline contour was around the head, followed by the lower torso and leg regions. We also observed effects of object orientation and argue that the usefulness of the head and lower torso/leg regions is consistent with a role for the object axis in recognition.

Contamination Lab of Turin (CLabTo)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora FIORE ◽  
Giuliano SANSONE ◽  
Chiara Lorenza REMONDINO ◽  
Paolo Marco TAMBORRINI
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Positive Effect

Interest in offering Entrepreneurship Education (EE) to all kinds of university students is increasing. Therefore, universities are increasing the number of entrepreneurship courses intended for students from different fields of study and with different education levels. Through a single case study of the Contamination Lab of Turin (CLabTo), we suggest how EE may be taught to all kinds of university students. We have combined design methods with EE to create a practical-oriented entrepreneurship course which allows students to work in transdisciplinary teams through a learning-by-doing approach on real-life projects. Professors from different departments have been included to create a multidisciplinary environment. We have drawn on programme assessment data, including pre- and post-surveys. Overall, we have found a positive effect of the programme on the students’ entrepreneurial skills. However, when the data was broken down according to the students’ fields of study and education levels, mixed results emerged.

Marketing communication objectives through digital content marketing on social media

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-104
Author(s):  
Janice J. Nieves-Casasnovas ◽  
Frank Lozada-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Content Marketing

The purpose of this study was to determine what type of marketing communication objectives are present in the digital content marketing developed by luxury auto brands with social media presence in Puerto Rico, particularly Facebook. A longitudinal multiple-case study design was used to analyze five luxury auto brands using content analysis on Facebook posts. This analysis included identification of marketing communication objectives through social media content marketing strategies, type of media content and social media metrics. Our results showed that the most used objectives are brand awareness, brand personality, and brand salience. Another significant result is that digital content marketing used by brands in social media are focused towards becoming more visible and recognized; also, reflecting human-like traits and attitudes in their social media.

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