scholarly journals Spectroscopic Analysis of DC-Nitrogen Plasma Produced using Copper Electrodes

2021 ◽  
pp. 3560-3569
Author(s):  
Ala F. Ahmed ◽  
Ali A. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Debye Length ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Nitrogen Plasma ◽  
Molecular Spectra ◽  
Stark Broadening ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Copper Material

      This study shows the effects of copper material electrode, applied voltage, and different pressure values on electrical discharge plasma. The purpose of the work is the application of the spectral analysis method to obtain accurate results of nitrogen plasma parameters. By using the optical emission spectroscopy (OES), many N2 molecular spectra peaks appeared in the range from 300 to 480 nm. Also, some additional peaks were recorded, corresponding to atomic and ionic lines for nitrogen, target material, and hydrogen, in all samples. The electron density (ne) was calculated from the measurement of Stark broadening effect, which was found to decrease with increasing pressure from 0.1 mbar to 0.8 mbar. The higher emission intensities occurred at 0.2 mbar working pressure and were reduced with higher pressure. The vibrational temperature (Tvib) for N2 increased from 0.17 to 0.33 eV with increasing the pressure from 0.15 mbar to 0.2 mbar, then decreased to 0.25 eV with increasing the pressure to 0.8 mbar. Other plasma parameters were studied, which are electron temperature (Te), plasma frequency of electron ( ), and Debye length (λD).

Effect of Current on Plasma Parameters Resulting from the Wires-Exploding Technique of Copper Material

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-113
Keyword(s):  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Plasma Electron ◽  
Stark Broadening ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrum ◽  
Copper Material

In this research the diagnostic of optical emission spectroscopy from exploding copper wires have done for different current. By using Boltzman plot can be calculated the plasma electron temperature , and by using Stark broadening can be evaluated the electron density for different current of (75, 100 and 150)A with diameter 0.25 mm in deionized water. It was observed that the electron density decrease with an increasing the current from 75 A to 150 A while the electron temperatures increase for the same current. The plasma has a peak 652 nm corresponding to Hα line for .hydrogen .atoms which obtained from .optical emission spectrum (OES), the peaks belong to atomic copper lines. The plasma electron temperature related with emission line intensity and number .density with the formed copper nanoparticles size was studied.

scholarly journals Optical Emission Spectroscopic Analysis of Plasma Parameters in Cadmium by Nd: YAG laser Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 2114 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
Uday H. Tawfeeq ◽  
Ahmed K. Abbas ◽  
Kadhim A. Aadim
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Debye Length ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Plasma Electron ◽  
Laser Technique ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
Emission Spectroscopic Analysis

Abstract In this work, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was used to estimate the parameters of plasma electron temperature (Te), electron density (ne), plasma frequency (fp), Debye length (λD), and Debye number (ND). Understanding how an energy pulsed laser affects these variables is also important. Irradiation of pure cadmium using an Nd: YAG laser pulse with a wavelength(1064)nm and energy ranging from (200-600)millijoules, of frequency (6) Hz. The spectrum of laser-induced plasma was detected under atmospheric pressure. It was discovered that when the energy of the laser pulse rises, the intensity of the CdI and CdII lines increases.

Laser-Induced Plasma Atomic and Ionic Emission During Target Ablation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisreen Kh. Abdalameer ◽  
Sabah N. Mazhir
Keyword(s):  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Plasma Parameter ◽  
Debye Length ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Solid Target ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Laser Induced Plasma ◽  
Repeat Rate ◽  
Ionic Emission ◽  
Debye Formula

This paper investigates the spectroscopy of plasma that resulted from the bombardment of ZnSe by using the optical emission spectroscopic (OES) technique. The plasma can be generated by the reaction between an Nd:YAG laser, with a wavelength of 1064[Formula: see text]nm with a repeat rate of 6[Formula: see text]Hz (as well as 9[Formula: see text]ns pulse duration), and a solid target, where the density of the electron (ne), the temperature of the electron ([Formula: see text]), the frequency of the plasma ([Formula: see text]) and the Debye length ([Formula: see text]) as plasma parameters, in addition to the particles’ number of Debye ([Formula: see text]) and plasma parameter ([Formula: see text]) have been calculated by picking up the spectrum of plasma at different energies (100, 200, 300, 400, 500) mj using Selenium (Se), Zinc (Zn) and the mixture (ZnSe) at ([Formula: see text]). It is found that the electron temperatures of Zn and Se ranged between (0.257–0.267)[Formula: see text]eV and (1.036–1.055) eV, respectively, while that of ZnSe ranged between (1.15–1.28)[Formula: see text]eV. This indicates that the electron temperature of ZnSe is higher than the temperatures of each Zn and Se.

scholarly journals SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF RF MAGNETRON SPUTTERING PLASMA FOR DEPOSITION TI6AL4V THIN FILM

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Dawood S. ALI ◽  
Omar M. DAWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Sputtering Power

In this work, RF magnetron sputtering plasma for the deposition of Ti6Al4V thin film has been investigated by using optical emission spectroscopy at argon working pressure of 5×10-3 mbar. The emission lines intensity of the plasma were measured using a spectrometer, and the identify peaks within the selective range of patterns and matched with the standard data from the NIST website to measure the plasma parameters. Since the sputtering power plays an important role to the growth of thin film, so the effect of sputtering power of 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150Watt has been studied on produced plasma parameters. The size of Ti6Al4V sputtering target was 50mm in diameter. The argon gas flow was 40 s ccm. One can observe that the lines intensities increased with increasing the sputtering power. The plasma temperature increases from 1.86 to 2.15 eV, while its density increased from 2.69 ×1018 to 2.94 ×1018 cm-3with increasing the rf power from 50 to 150 W, which effect on sputtering rate.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic Analysis of CdO1-X: SnX Plasma Produced by Nd:YAG Laser

2020 ◽  
pp. 1665-1671
Author(s):  
Madyan A. Khalaf ◽  
Baida M. Ahmed ◽  
Kadhim A. Aadim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Debye Length ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrum ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Line Intensities

In this work, the optical emission spectrum technique was used to analyze the spectrum resulting from the CdO:Sn plasma produced by laser Nd:YAG with a wavelength of (1064) nm, duration of (9) ns, and a focal length of (10) cm in the range of energy of 500-800 mJ. The electron temperature (Te) was calculated using the in ratio line intensities method, while the electron density (ne) was calculated using Saha-Boltzmann equation. Also, other plasma parameters were calculated, such as plasma (fp), Debye length (λD) and Debye number (ND). At mixing ratios of X=0.1, 0.3 and 0.5, the CdO1-X :SnX plasma spectrum was recorded for different energies. The changes in electron temperature and the densities were studied as a function of the laser energies. Outcome measure value of the electron temperature at the ratio of  X = 0.1 was (1.079-1.054) eV, while at  X=0.3 the Te range was (0.952- 0.921) eV and at X=0.5 it was (0.928-0.906) eV.

scholarly journals Optical emission spectroscopy for studying the exploding copper wire plasma parameters in distilled water

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (35) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Hammad R. Humud
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Plasma Electron ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Stark Broadening ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Nanoparticles Concentration

This work aims to study the exploding copper wire plasma parameters by optical emission spectroscopy. The emission spectra of the copper plasma have been recorded and analyzed The plasma electron temperature (Te), was calculated by Boltzmann plot, and the electron density (ne) calculated by using Stark broadening method for different copper wire diameter (0.18, 0.24 and 0.3 mm) and currentof 75A in distilled water. The hydrogen (Hα line) 656.279 nm was used to calculate the electron density for different wire diameters by Stark broadening. It was found that the electron density ne decrease from 22.4×1016 cm-3 to 17×1016 cm-3 with increasing wire diameter from 0.18 mm to 0.3 mm while the electron temperatures increase from 0.741 to 0.897 eV for the same wire diameters. The optical emission spectrum (OES) emitted from the plasma have Hα line, small peak at 590 nm corresponding to sodium and others peaks belong to Cu I. The relationship between the plasma electron temperature, emission line intensity and number density with the formed copper nanoparticles size and concentration were studied. It was found that the nanoparticles concentration increase with emission line intensity while its size decrease. It can be conclude the existence of a controlled relationship between the plasma parameters and the formed nanoparticles concentration and size.

scholarly journals DC Glow Discharge Plasma Characteristics in Ar/O2 Gas Mixture

2021 ◽  
pp. 475-482
Author(s):  
Mohammed Gh. Hammed ◽  
Mohammed K. Khalaf ◽  
Younus K. Jabur
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Gaseous Mixture ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Glow Discharge Plasma ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Plasma Diagnosis ◽  
Plasma Characteristics ◽  
Gas Ratio

In this article, the effects of the O2 ratio  on the electrical characteristics, including the I-V characteristic curve, Panchen’s curve, and I-P curve, were tested in a sample of O2/Ar gaseous mixture . The sample was produced by plasma-based DC magnetron sputtering with niobium metal as a target material. The inter-electrode spacing value was 4 cm. Plasma diagnosis via the Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) method was used to achieve Te and Ne mixture values of 20 %, 30 %, 50%, and 70% in the Ar/O2 system. The results showed that the discharge is operating in the abnormal glow region and the discharge current was decreased by increasing O2 percentage. In addition, the experimental results showed that the discharge is optimal at 30% gas ratio.  It was found that the electron temperature was decreased with increasing working pressure and increased with increasing the O2 percentage, while electron density was increased with increasing both working gas pressure and O2 percentage.

scholarly journals Influence of Gas Type on the Laser Produced Graphite Plasma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2114 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
H Adil A Alazawi ◽  
Q Adnan Abass
Keyword(s):  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Plasma Frequency ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Debye Length ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Pulse Laser Energy ◽  
Electron Density Increase ◽  
Ionic Emission

Abstract Plasma graphite creation by a pulsed Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064nm to a target in vacuum in two cases (Argon, Air) with varied gas pressures and the resulting spectrum was diagnosed using optical emission spectroscopy for the wavelength range 320-740nm electron temperature Te and electron density ne Debye lengthλD , and plasma frequency f p were calculated. The results showed that increasing the pulse laser energy causes all plasma parameters of both gases under study to increase, as well as a rise in the emission line intensity. The ionization energy of target atoms determines the presence of an element’s atomic and ionic emission lines in the emission spectrum, increase in pressure decreases the electron temperature, and Debye length, also plasma frequency and electron density increase, as it has been proven that the type of gas does not affect the properties of plasma.

scholarly journals Effect of Argon and oxygen pressure on Zn magnetron plasma produced by RF power supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (34) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Kadhim A. Aadim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Working Pressure

In this work, the plasma parameters (electron temperature andelectron density) were determined by optical emission spectroscopy(OES) produced by the RF magnetron Zn plasma produced byoxygen and argon at different working pressure. The spectrum wasrecorded by spectrometer supplied with CCD camera, computer andNIST standard of neutral and ionic lines of Zn, argon and oxygen.The effects of pressure on plasma parameters were studied and acomparison between the two gasses was made.

scholarly journals Investigation in the Effect of Applied Voltage and Working Pressure on Some Plasma Parameters in the Positive Column of Dc Glow Discharge

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Mustafa K. Jassim
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Positive Column ◽  
Plasma Frequency ◽  
Debye Length ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Number Of Particles

     Comsol multiphysics software is established to make a simulation that is comparable with experimental device. by utilizing comsol, the positive column domain of direct-current glow discharge with argon is considered for both of different applied voltage and working gas pressure. The calculations are exhibited by using a precise collision cross sections and Townsend coefficients for the argon. The impacts of voltage and pressure on the Debye length, number of particles in Debye sphere and plasma frequency are calculated and graphically delineated. With this regard to the dependence of plasma parameters on the applied voltage and pressure, some of them are found to be compatible with the experimental results, while others are not. For example, the calculations of the COMSOL shows that the electron temperature is not always decreasing with the increase in the applied voltage, and the Debye length does not give a linearly decreasing relationship but rather an exponentially decreasing relationship. Also, the calculations do not reproduce and match the experimental results for the dependence electron density on working pressure at various potentials.

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