scholarly journals Venlafaxine Hydrochloride Controlled Release Bilayer Tablets: Optimization of Formulation Variable by Using Dyspnea on Exertion

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Hitesh P. Dalvadi ◽  
Pritesh J. Patel ◽  
Nirmal Vashi ◽  
Arindam Paul
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Bilayer Tablet ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride

The current research work was to develop bilayer tablet of venlafaxine hydrochloride to increase drug efficacy for efficient treatment of depression. The satisfactory result of treatment can be achieved upon the maintenance of drug concentration within an effective level in the body, so a uniform and constant drug supply are desirable. An immediate layer of venlafaxine HCl was formulated using super disintegrants, i.e., croscarmellose sodium (CCS) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG); tablet compact by direct compression. HPMC K100M and ethylcellulose (EC) were utilized as release retarding polymers in sustained release layer by wet granulation technique with the help of PVP K30 in IPA solution (10%) as a granulating agent. Full 32 factorial designs were used to find out the optimum quantity of release retardant polymers. Bilayer tablet was evaluated for various parameters, i.e. hardness, friability, weight variation, % drug content, disintegration time (IR layer), and % drug release study. Statically, an analysis was carried out using factor X1 (HPMC K100M) and X2 (EC) for dependent variable % drug release at 8, 12, and 20 hours. A formulation was optimized and a formulation containing 305.36 mg of HPMC K100M and 54.03 mg of ethyl cellulose. Optimized formulation show 47.12 ± 2.1, 59.89 ± 2.2, and 89.06 ± 2.3 drug release at 8, 12, and 20 hours, respectively, which is almost similar to theoretical dose calculation with similarity factor f2 97, 99, and 98%, respectively. Bilayer tablet formulation was observed to be stable and fulfilled all compendia specifications.

Fabrication and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Strips of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride by Using Novel Film Former

2021 ◽  
pp. 5515-5520
Author(s):  
Hemant A. Deokule ◽  
Smita S. Pimple ◽  
Praveen D. Chaudhari ◽  
Ajit S. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Dsc Studies ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Metoclopramide Hydrochloride

Fast dissolving strips are used as novel approaches, as it dissolves rapidly in mouth and directly reaches the systemic circulation. In present research work, an attempt has been made to prepare mouth dissolving strips of Metoclopramide hydrochloride by using a novel film former Pullulan by solvent casting method. A33 full factorial design was utilized for the optimization of the effect of independent variables such as the amount of Pullulan, amount of PEF 400, amount of SSG on mechanical properties, and % drug release of strips. The drug compatibility studies using FTIR and DSC studies formulated strips were characterized for their physicochemical parameter like weight variation, visual appearance, folding endurance, thickness, disintegration time, drug content, and in vitro dissolution studies. FTIR and DSC studies revealed that the polymer is compatible with the drug. It was found that the optimum levels of the responses for a fast release strip could be obtained at low levels of Pullulan, PEG400, and SSG. The prepared strip was clear transparent and had a smooth surface. The surface pH was found 4.8 to 5.2 be in the range of to which is close to salivary pH, which indicates that strips may have less potential to irritate the oral mucosa, thereby they are comfortable. The drug release was found to be between 90.94 to 100.5% in 2 min. The in-vitro disintegration time of strips prepared with Pullulan was in the range of 19 to 57 sec. As the concentration of SSG increases the decrease in the disintegration time of strips a decrease. The dissolution rate increased with an increase in the concentration of SSG. Hence, it can be inferred that the fast dissolving oral strips of Metoclopramide hydrochloride may produce rapid action thereby improving bioavailability and enhance the absorption by avoiding the first-pass effect.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF DONEPEZIL HYDROCHLORIDE

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
P. V. KAMALA KUMARI ◽  
Y. SRINIVASA RAO
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Orodispersible Tablets ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Donepezil Hydrochloride

Objective: The present study was aimed to develop the formulation and in vitro evaluation of Orodispersible tablets by wet granulation method using Donepezil HCl as a model drug to enhance patient compliance. Methods: In the wet granulation method, a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were used along with superdisintegrants, i.e., croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone. The prepared granules were subjected to both pre and post-compression evaluation parameters including; FTIR spectroscopy, micromeritics properties, tablet weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time and in vitro drug release. Results: FTIR studies indicated that there was nointeraction between the drug and the excipients used. The formulation containing high concentration of crospovidone and mixture as the best formulation F2 based on in vitro drug release characteristics of tablet formulation. Conclusion: The results of this work suggested that orodispersible tablets of Donepezil hydrochloride with rapid disintegration time, fast drug release and good hardness can be efficiently and successfully formulated by wet granulation method.

DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACECLOFENAC FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS USING SUPER DISINTEGRATING AGENTS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
V.L Narasaiah ◽  
◽  
Ch. Praneetha ◽  
P Mallika ◽  
K. Pullamma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Content Uniformity ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
First Order ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Weight Variation

The aim of this project was to develop fast dissolving tablets (FDT) of aceclofenac by wet granulation using super disintegrating agents such as cross carmellose sodium (CCS), Crospovidone (CP) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were formulated and evaluated. The tablets evaluated for thickness, hardness, friability weight variation, drug content, water absorption ratio, wetting time, disintegration time and in vitro dissolution studies. The in vitro release studies were conducted in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. Different release models like zero order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas were applied to in vitro drug release data in order to evaluate drug release mechanisms and kinetics. The formulation ‘F4’ showed satisfactory physico-chemical properties and drug content uniformity. The formulation ‘F4’ follows first order kinetics and the mechanism of drug release was governed by Higuchi. The ‘n’ value showed between <0.5, it was followed that Fickian transport. The FTIR studies were conducted and it shows that there is no interaction between drug and excipients.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MATRIX TABLETS USING MUCILAGE OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA AS NATURAL BINDER

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Reecha Madaan ◽  
Rajni Bala ◽  
Tejeswini Vasisht ◽  
Ritima Sharma ◽  
Shivali Garg
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Weight Variation

Objective: The present research work was to formulate matrix tablets of diclofenac sodium using mucilage extracted from Tinospora cordifolia as a novel binding agent. Also, a comparative study on binding properties of mucilage and carbopol were performed.Methods: Fresh stems of Tinospora cordifolia were collected and mucilage was extracted out using standard method. The isolated mucilage was characterised for physicochemical parameters. Formulation of diclofenac sodium tablets (f1-f6) was done by dry granulation method using 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% concentration of mucilage of Tinospora cardifolia as natural binder. Carbopol 2% was used as synthetic matrix forming agent. Microcrystalline cellulose was used as diluents, magnesium stearate and talc as lubricant. The formulated tablets were evaluated for parameters such as tablet thickness, hardness, weight variation, disintegration time, percent friability and in vitro drug release characteristics. The drug release mechanism was determined by fitting the release data into different kinetics models.Results: The results revealed that all the pre and post compression parameters of the formulated tablets (f1-f6) were in compliance with pharmacopoeial limits. In vitro drug release studies showed that formulation f6 containing maximum concentration of mucilage release the drug in a most controlled and sustained manner with maximum drug release of 63.6% in 15 h in comparison with f1(2% carbopol) giving 80% release and was found to be stable for 3 mo as indicated by stability studies. The mechanism of drug releases from formulation f1-f6 was found to be polymer disentanglement and erosion. Preformulation studies using FTIR study reveals that there is no incompatibility between the pure drug and mucilage of tinospora cardifolia used.Conclusion: Based on the experimental findings it can be concluded that Tinospora cordifolia mucilage can be used as a release retardant agent in the formulation of sustained release dosage forms.

scholarly journals Formulation Development and Optimization of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Aceclofenac Using Natural Superdisintegrant

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovleen Kaur ◽  
Rajni Bala ◽  
Neha Kanojia ◽  
Manju Nagpal ◽  
Gitika Arora Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Wetting Time

The current research work involves preparation of fast dissolving tablets of Aceclofenac by direct compression method using different concentrations of Lepidium sativum mucilage as natural superdisintegrant. A two-factor three-level (32) factorial design is being used to optimize the formulation. Nine formulation batches (D1–D9) were prepared accordingly. Two factors as independent variables (X1-amount of β-cyclodextrin and X2-amount of Lepidium sativum mucilage) were taken with three levels (+1,0,-1). The levels of two factors were selected on the basis of preliminary experiments conducted and their effect on three dependent variables (disintegration time, wetting time, and in vitro drug release) was studied along with their % prediction error. All the active blends were evaluated for postcompression parameters (angle of repose, Carr’s index, Hausner ratio, etc.) and the tablets were evaluated for postcompression parameters (weight variation, hardness, and friability, wetting time, disintegration time, water absorption ratio, and in vitro drug release studies). The optimum batch was further used for SEM and stability studies. Formulation D5 was selected by the Design-Expert software which exhibited DT (15.5 sec), WT (18.94 sec), and in vitro drug release (100%) within 15 minutes.

scholarly journals Formulation and Evaluation of Nutraceutical Tablet Using Clove Drugs by Wet Granulation Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1626-1640
Author(s):  
Kawade Swapnali
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Compression Method ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
Evaluation Parameters

Abstract: The objective of present study was to formulate and evaluate the nutraceutical tablets with different combination of herbal drugs. Material and Method: The nutraceutical tablet containing lactose and mannitol as diluent and containing natural drugs like clove and cinnamon which was prepared by direct compression method. The compressed formulations were subject to several evaluation parameters like appearance, thickness, weight variation, hardness and friability. Results: The results of all evaluation parameters of nutraceutical tablet were within the acceptable limit. Pre-compression studies of nutraceutical tablet show satisfactory results. The thickness, hardness, weight variation, and friability of nutraceutical tablet were found to in acceptable range. The in-vitro drug release of eugenol from optimised nutraceutical formulation was found to be 90.23%. Significant results were obtained from present study. Discussion: The finding of current investigation clearly found that the health promotion of the body could be done by nutraceuticals. Keywords: Direct compression, Nutraceutical, Eugenol, In-vitro drug release

Influence of Formulation Variables and Processing Techniques on Drug Release from Carbopol-971 based Matrix Tablets of Cinnarizine and Nimodipine.

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Singh K. ◽  
Pandit K. ◽  
Mishra N.
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Formulation Variables

The matrix tablets of cinnarizine and nimodipine were prepared with varying ratio of Carbopol- 971P and co-excipients of varying hydrophilicity (i.e. dicalcium phosphate and spray dried lactose) by direct compression and wet granulation using alcoholic mucilage. The prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness and friability. The influence of concentration of the matrix forming material and co-excipients on the release rate of the drug was studied. The release rate of Cinnarizine (more soluble drug) from tablets followed diffusion controlled mechanism whereas for nimodipine (less soluble drug), the drug release followed case-II or super case- II transport mechanism based on Korsmeyer- Peppas equation. The results indicated that the drug release from matrix tablets was increases with increase in hydrophilicity of drug and co-excipients. The release of drug also increased with thermal treatment and decreasing polymer concentration.

A Comparative Study of Matrix Tablets Designed by Different Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 3645-3652
Author(s):  
Tulsi Bisht ◽  
Rishishwar Poonam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Matrix Tablet ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Gum Acacia ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Evaluation Parameters

The aim of present work was to develop once daily sustained release matrix tablet of aceclofenac by wet granulation technique using natural gums i.e.: gum acacia, guar gum and Xanthan gum. In this present study matrix tablets were prepared using three different methods and a comparative study was done. Aceclofenac sodium being the newer derivative of diclofenac having short biological half life (4hrs.), so it requires more than one dose per day to maintain therapeutic dose. The prepared tablets were evaluated for various parameters like weight variation, hardness, swelling index, friability, percent drug release and various release profile like zero order, first order, Higuchi's, and Koshemeyrs-peppa. All the evaluation parameters met pharmacopoeial specifications and through dissolution studies it was matrix tablets prepared with method 2 shows heighest percent drug release and matrix tablet prepared by method 3 showed lowest percent drug release at the end of 8 hrs. (Shown in fig. 8, comparative release study of all three formulations). Matrix tablet of aceclofenac were successfully prepared and evaluated and it can be concluded that matrix tablet prepared with natural gums showed release rate for a prolonged time and can be of great importance for “once daily” tablet to reduce side effects and toxicity related with NSAIDs.  

Formulation and Evaluation of Atenolol and Indapamide SR Matrix Tablets for Treatment of Hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 2450-2458
Author(s):  
Sarika Pundir ◽  
Ashutosh Badola
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Matrix Tablet ◽  
Release Agent ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Weight Variation

In the present study we have formulated (F1 to F6) matrix tablets of atenolol and indapamide for the management of hypertension. As in simultaneous estimation of these drugs it was found that a confined release can be formulated. In the formulation of SR matrix tablet by using different concentration of delayed release agent DCP and pregelatinized starch as disintegrant we prepared tablets by wet granulation method. For sustained release action HPMC polymers were used for film coating. Preformulation studies were performed prior to compression. The compressed SR matrix tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time and in vitro drug release using USP dissolution apparatus type 2 (paddle). It was found that the optimized formulation showed 49.33%, 48.90%, 48.52%, 47.65%, 46.84% and 46.51% release for atenolol in 12 hours respectively. However, indapamide released 49.62%, 49.39%, 48.72%, 48.27%, 47.59% and 47.36% at the end of 12 hr. The IR spectrum study revealed that there is no disturbance in the principal peaks of pure drugs atenolol and indapamide. This confirms the integrity of pure drugs and no incompatibility of them with excipients. The stability studies were carried out for the optimized batch for one months and it showed satisfactory results. The kinetic studies of the formulations revealed that diffusion is the predominant mechanism of drug and release follows Zero-order, Super case II transport.

Formulation and Evaluation of Orally Disintegrating Tablets of Lamotrigine

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2881-2888
Author(s):  
Sudarshan Singh ◽  
S S Shyale ◽  
P Karade
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Orally Disintegrating Tablet ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Wetting Time ◽  
Croscarmellose Sodium

The aim of this study was to design orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) of Lamotrigine. It is an Antiepileptic drug which is widely used in epilepsy. It is also used in simple and complex partial seizures and secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. It is poorly water soluble drug (0.46 mg/ml). Thus, an attempt was made to enhance the water solubility by complexation with β-cyclodextrin (1:1 molar ratios). The orally disintegrating tablet of lamotrigine was prepared by direct compression method using different concentration of superdisintegrants such as Sodium starch glycollate, croscarmellose sodium by sublimating agent such as camphor. The formulations were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, wetting time, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro dissolution studies. The prepared tablets were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The disintegration time for the complexed tablets prepared by different concentration of superdisintegrants was found to be in range of 32.54 ± 0.50 to 55.12 ± 0.57 sec and wetting time of the formulations was found to be in range of 28.47 ± 0.67 to 52.19 ± 0.72 sec. All the formulation showed almost 100 percent of drug release within 15 min. Among all the formulation F6 and F7 prepared with 18% croscarmellose sodium and camphor shows faster drug release, respectively 10 min, F6 gives good result for disintegration time, drug release, wetting time and friability. Further formulations were subjected to stability testing for 30 days at temperature of 40 ± 5 ºC/75 ± 5 %RH. Tablets showed no appreciable changes with respect to physical appearance, drug content, disintegration time and dissolution profiles. Results were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA at a p < 0.05. It was found that, the data at any point of time are significant at p < 0.05.

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