scholarly journals Effect of Potassium and Calcium Levels and their Accompanying Anions in the Nutrient Solution on Ammonium Toxicity in Vegetable Crops

1982 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo IKEDA ◽  
Takaya OSAWA
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Ammonium Toxicity

scholarly journals Hydroponic cultivation of Oncidium baueri

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2823
Author(s):  
Daniele Brandstetter Rodrigues ◽  
Adriane Marinho de Assis ◽  
Ricardo Tadeu Faria ◽  
Marcia Wullf Schuch ◽  
Roberta Marins Nogueira Peil
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation ◽  
Bare Root

In Brazil, orchid cultivation has been increasing steadily over the last few years and contributing significantly to the economy. It has been reported that several vegetable crops and ornamentals have been successfully grown by soilless cultivation. The orchid Oncidium baueri Lindl. is grown on pot substrates. Nevertheless, hydroponics is an excellent alternative, especially for the production of cut flowers and bare root plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of Oncidium baueri on two soilless systems: (a) pots containing Amafibra® coconut fiber, carbonized rice husk, and pine bark (1:1:1) irrigated with nutrient solution every 15 d; and (b) a nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system irrigated with nutrient solution daily. Shoot height, pseudobulb diameter, and number of sprouts were evaluated monthly. The number of flowering plants, number of flowers, dry mass of shoots, and dry mass of roots were evaluated 11 months after onset of experiment. The pot cultivation system yielded more flowers and higher values for all vegetative parameters than the NFT hydroponic system.

scholarly journals Effects of NaCl on Hydroponic Cultivation of Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2352
Author(s):  
Rita Maggini ◽  
Stefano Benvenuti ◽  
Federico Leoni ◽  
Luca Incrocci ◽  
Alberto Pardossi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Edible Species ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation ◽  
Floating System

Wild edible plant species are often more tolerant to salinity than many crop plants. Considering the salinization of irrigation water that is progressively affecting the Mediterranean region and the market demand for new plant foods, the cultivation of wild edible species could represent a valid alternative to conventional vegetable crops. In this study, Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth, a widespread spontaneous herb of ethnobotanical tradition, was grown for four or six weeks under a greenhouse in a floating system for the production of baby leaves. In order to improve the nutraceutical quality of the tissues, the plants were exposed to the following NaCl concentrations in the nutrient solution: 1.7 (control), 25, 50, and 100 mM. The results showed that a 4-week growing period in a floating system with 50 mM NaCl in the nutrient solution increased the content of bioactive molecules without affecting the fresh yield. After six weeks of cultivation, despite a decrease in biomass production as compared with the control, the leaves of salt-treated plants contained higher levels of bioactive molecules along with lower amounts of nitrate ion.

scholarly journals Hydroponic cultivation of Oncidium baueri

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2823
Author(s):  
Daniele Brandstetter Rodrigues ◽  
Adriane Marinho de Assis ◽  
Ricardo Tadeu Faria ◽  
Marcia Wullf Schuch ◽  
Roberta Marins Nogueira Peil
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation ◽  
Bare Root

In Brazil, orchid cultivation has been increasing steadily over the last few years and contributing significantly to the economy. It has been reported that several vegetable crops and ornamentals have been successfully grown by soilless cultivation. The orchid Oncidium baueri Lindl. is grown on pot substrates. Nevertheless, hydroponics is an excellent alternative, especially for the production of cut flowers and bare root plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of Oncidium baueri on two soilless systems: (a) pots containing Amafibra® coconut fiber, carbonized rice husk, and pine bark (1:1:1) irrigated with nutrient solution every 15 d; and (b) a nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system irrigated with nutrient solution daily. Shoot height, pseudobulb diameter, and number of sprouts were evaluated monthly. The number of flowering plants, number of flowers, dry mass of shoots, and dry mass of roots were evaluated 11 months after onset of experiment. The pot cultivation system yielded more flowers and higher values for all vegetative parameters than the NFT hydroponic system.

scholarly journals High NH4+/NO3− Ratio Inhibits the Growth and Nitrogen Uptake of Chinese Kale at the Late Growth Stage by Ammonia Toxicity

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Yudan Wang ◽  
Xiaoyun Zhang ◽  
Houcheng Liu ◽  
Guangwen Sun ◽  
Shiwei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Ammonia Toxicity ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Ammonium Toxicity ◽  
Total N ◽  
Chinese Kale ◽  
Late Growth

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of various NH4+/NO3− ratios in a nutrient solution on the growth and nitrogen uptake of Chinese kale under hydroponic conditions. The four NH4+/NO3− ratios in the nutrient solution were CK (0/100), T1 (10/90), T2 (25/75), and T3 (50/50). An appropriate NH4+/NO3− ratio (10/90, 25/75) promoted the growth of Chinese kale. T2 produced the highest fresh and dry weight among treatments, and all indices of seedling root growth were the highest under T2. A high NH4+/NO3− ratio (50/50) promoted the growth of Chinese kale seedlings at the early stage but inhibited growth at the late growth stage. At harvest, the nutrient solution showed acidity. The pH value was the lowest in T3, whereas NH4+ and NH4+/NO3− ratios were the highest, which caused ammonium toxicity. Total N accumulation and N use efficiency were the highest in T2, and total N accumulation was the lowest in T3. Principal component analysis showed that T2 considerably promoted growth and N absorption of Chinese kale, whereas T3 had a remarkable effect on the pH value. These findings suggest that an appropriate increase in NH4+ promotes the growth and nutrient uptake of Chinese kale by maintaining the pH value and NH4+/NO3− ratios of the nutrient solution, whereas excessive addition of NH4+ may induce rhizosphere acidification and ammonia toxicity, inhibiting plant growth.

Growth, nutrient uptake and tipburn severity of hydroponic lettuce in response to electrical conductivity and K:Ca ratio in solution

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Huett
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Standard Formulation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Concentration Maximum ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Number Of Leaves

A commercial hydroponic nutrient solution formulation was developed to reflect the high K:N uptake of a range of vegetable crops (Huett and Dettmann, Aust. J. Agric. Res. 1992, 43, 1653-65). This standard formulation had a K:N ratio of 1.7: 1.0 and a K:Ca ratio of 1.25 : 1 00 (equivalent weight basis). Head lettuce cv. Coolguard and cv. Fame and non-heading cv. Red Mignonette were grown in recirculating culture to maturity with the standard formulation to examine the effect of electrical conductivity (EC) (0.4-3.6 dS m-l) and, for the latter two cultivars, nutrient formulation K: Ca ratio (from 1.00:3.50 to 3.50: 1-00) on growth, nutrient uptake and tipburn severity. Plants grown at an EC of 0.4 dS m-l were N and K deficient, while recently matured leaves and youngest leaves contained the highest Ca concentrations which decreased with increasing EC. When cv. Coolguard was grown at an EC of 1.0 dS m-l, N and K deficiency was eliminated and leaves contained the highest Ca concentration. Maximum fresh weight of leaf and head was recorded at 1-6 dS m-' and the decline in nutrient solution N and K concentrations over the growth period was 13 and 42% respectively. An increase in the K: Ca ratio of the formulation increased (P < 0-05) leaf by 13% and leaf+head fresh weight at maturity by 10% for cv. Fame whereas, for cv. Red Mignonette, a reduction in the K : Ca ratio increased ( P < 0.05) leaf fresh weight by 29% compared with the standard formulation. A reduction in the K : Ca ratio increased ( P < 0.05) the Ca concentration in the youngest leaves of cv. Fame and of cv. Red Mignonette at 1.6 and 3.6 dS m-l. Leaf K concentrations were generally reduced ( P < 0.05) by low EC and low K:Ca ratio. Hot conditions led to tipburn developing in cv. Red Mignonette at the 2 week harvest. The number of leaves plant-1 with tipburn at maturity (week 3) was reduced ( P < 0.01) from 23.1 to 4.4 as EC was reduced from 3.6 to 0 - 4 dS m-1 and was reduced ( P < 0 05) from 15.2 to 12.3 as the nutrient formulation K : Ca ratio was reduced from 3.5 : 1.0 to 1.25 : 1.00. Over the last week of the growth period, the number of leaves with tipburn remained stable at an EC of 0-4 dS m-l whereas, at 3.6 dS m-l, the number of leaves with tipburn increased by 253%. Tipburn developed in young leaves of cv. Red Mignonette which had a Ca concentration range from 1.7 to 3.2 g kg-1 and was generally absent from recently matured leaves which had a Ca concentration of 11.0 g kg-1. Young leaves of the tolerant cv. Fame had a Ca concentration of 5-9 g kg-1.

scholarly journals Subirrigation of Container-Grown Tomato I: Decreased Concentration of the Nutrient Solution Sustains Growth and Yield

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
García-Santiago ◽  
Valdez-Aguilar ◽  
Cartmill ◽  
Cartmill ◽  
Juárez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Subirrigation of containerized vegetable crops is a promising strategy to increase water and fertilizer use efficiency. However, the nutrient solution may cause salts accumulation in the substrate top layer. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of nutrient solution concentration in container-grown tomato under surface drip-irrigation and subirrigation. The plants were irrigated with solutions at concentrations of ‒0.072, ‒0.058 and ‒0.043 MPa (100%, 80% and 60% of Steiner’s nutrient solution, respectively). Except at the highest concentration, the greatest yields occurred in subirrigated (10.6 kg plant−1) compared to drip-irrigated plants (9.5 kg plant−1). In drip-irrigated plants, yield was higher with the highest solution concentration. The increased yield in subirrigated plants at low solution concentrations was related with increased fruit N and Ca content. The higher accumulation of N, P, K and Ca demonstrates that subirrigation allows for increased nutrient use efficiency, particularly when using nutrient solutions of low concentration. Water use efficiency was markedly increased in subirrigated tomato, as 300 to 460 g of fruit L‒1 were produced, compared to 50 g L‒1 in drip-irrigated plants. Our results indicate that subirrigation is a feasible system for soilless-cultivated tomato provided the nutrient solution is reduced to a 60% of the total concentration.

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