GENERAL V(λ) MISMATCH INDEX - HISTORY, CURRENT STATE, NEW IDEAS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Krüger ◽  
A. Ferrero ◽  
A. Thorseth ◽  
V. Mantela ◽  
A. Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Spectral Responsivity ◽  
Efficiency Function ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Adequate Definition ◽  
Definition Of

The general V(λ) mismatch index, f_1^' quantifies the mismatch between the spectral responsivity of a photometer, s(λ), and the spectral luminous efficiency function, V(λ). A short review of its historical development is given to explain the reasons for the current definition and which adjustments may be useful for the future. The properties of the current definition are described in detail. It is very likely that in the future, calibration of photometers will be done with a white LED light source as reference. It might involve the need for a more adequate definition of the general V(λ) mismatch index, either by using a different normalization in f_1^' for the spectral responsivity of the photometer or by introducing a different type of function for assessing the mismatch. On the other hand, the measurement of coloured LEDs is also becoming increasingly important. Is a single quality index for white and coloured light sources sufficient?

scholarly journals Experiences and Attitudes of Young People and Seniors in Relation to to People with Intellectual Disabilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Zdeňka Kozáková
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Mentally Impaired ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Given

<em>The contribution represents the selected summary of the results of research carried out through a questionnaire-based survey and a structured interview, the goal of which was to ascertain the experiences and attitudes of young people and seniorsin relation to mentally impaired individuals and define the spheres to which increased attention should be paid in the future. The examined group comprised 160 respondents. The contribution is introduced by information on the given issue and the definition of the basic terminology in relation to the examined sphere. Subsequently, it presents the methodological outcomes of the research and deals with specific results of the research and discussions. At the end, it summarizes the research conclusions in the context of various points of view of the current state of knowledge in theory and its application in practise. </em>

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. xx-16
Author(s):  
Bernice M. Kaczynski
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of

The chapter gives an introduction to the current state of scholarship on monasticism, and it sets out an agenda for the future. It begins with a consideration of monasticism’s long historical arc, its longue durée. Few movements in the history of Christianity have had such lasting importance. The chapter then looks ahead to the great variety of monastic practices described by contributors to the volume. It draws attention to patterns of continuity and change, to recurring themes, and to major debates in the field. The experience of Christian monasticism is multifaceted, for it has assumed different forms in the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Protestant, and Anglican traditions, and in contemporary ‘new monasticism’. What, then, is Christian monasticism, and what are its essential features? It is surprisingly difficult to come to a definition of the monastic way of life, and the chapter ends with an exploration of this issue.

Some Demographic Consequences of Revising the Definition of “Old Age” to Reflect Future Changes in Life Table Probabilities

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank T. Denton ◽  
Byron G. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Current

ABSTRACTSixty-five has long been used to define the beginning of “old age”. Yet it is clear that the definition is arbitrary, and with continuing reductions in mortality and morbidity rates it will become increasingly inappropriate as time passes. We consider how the definition might be modified to reflect changes in life table probabilities, and how the future numbers and proportions in “old age” would be affected. In a similar manner, we consider also the redefinition of the “oldest old” from a current definition of 85 and over.

scholarly journals SOFRA and RPA: Two Views of the Future of Southern Timber Supply

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darius Adams ◽  
John Mills ◽  
Ralph Alig ◽  
Richard Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Area Change ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Resources Planning

Abstract Two recent studies provide alternative views of the current state and future prospects of southern forests and timber supply: the Southern Forest Resource Assessment (SOFRA) and the Fifth Resources Planning Act Timber Assessment (RPA). Using apparently comparable data but different models and methods, the studies portray futures that in some aspects are quite similar and in others markedly different. This article focuses on what the differences and commonalities between the reports suggest about the key factors that help shape our views of the future of southern timber supply. What inputs and assumptions make important differences in projections of the South's timber supply future? We find that there are five major areas to watch: (i) gross land area shifts from forest to urban and from agriculture to forest (not just net timberland area change); (ii) the sensitivity of pine plantation investments to expected timber prices; (iii) the responsiveness of southern timber demand to prices; (iv) age or date of the starting inventory and the definition of timber harvest (what products are included); and (iv) the basic yield assumptions and the timing of the yield impacts from improved management and timberland area change. South. J. Appl. For. 29(3):123–134.

Looking Backward to Look Forward: Reflections of Past Presidents of the Council for Learning Disabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-228
Author(s):  
Apryl L. Poch
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of

Anniversaries offer a time for reflection, celebration, validation, and sometimes, simply a candid conversation on the current state of a field. In the field of learning disabilities, anniversaries offer a time to consider how far the field has come and just how far is left to go to understand what a learning disability is. Definitional understanding is foundational for moving forward. This column presents findings from a series of short conversations with past presidents of the Council for Learning Disabilities, individuals who are also leading experts in the field of learning disabilities. Results suggest four different thoughts about the definition of learning disabilities, two main themes regarding areas in which the field needs to focus, and two themes specific to where the field may be headed in the next 20 to 25 years. The column concludes with a discussion of implications for the future.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE NORMALIZATION OF THE SPECTRAL RESPONSIVITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE GENERAL V(λ) MISMATCH INDEX

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ferrero ◽  
A. Thorseth
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Spectral Responsivity ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Normalization Factor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Quality Indexes

Quality indexes are usually defined for measurement instruments in order to characterize some specific aspect of their performance. The V(λ) spectral mismatch of photometers is evaluated by the general V(λ) mismatch index, f1’, whose value must be correlated with the average measurement error introduced by this spectral mismatch. The objective of this work is to assess the correlation of several indexes of this type with this average error of photometers. The difference between the studied indexes is that the spectral responsivity of the photometer is normalized with different factors to that defined for f1’. From this study, we conclude that the most suitable normalization in the definition of a f1’-type quality index is not determined by the spectral distribution used in the calibration or by those of the light sources to be measured. The normalization factor presenting the best correlation in all studied cases was obtained by numerically minimizing the value of the index instead of by applying an explicit function, as it is done in f1’.

Challenges of Fear Conditioning Research in the Age of RDoC

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Jan Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.

The Influence Of The Led Luminaires Electrical Parameters On Their Correlated Colour Temperature During Operation Mode

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Sergei S. Kapitonov ◽  
Alexei S. Vinokurov ◽  
Sergei V. Prytkov ◽  
Sergei Yu. Grigorovich ◽  
Anastasia V. Kapitonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operation Mode ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Colour Temperature ◽  
Radiation Spectra ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article describes the results of comprehensive study aiming at increase of quality of LED luminaires and definition of the nature of changes in their correlated colour temperature (CCT) in the course of operation. Dependences of CCT of LED luminaires with remote and close location of phosphor for 10 thousand hours of operation in different electric modes were obtained; the results of comparison between the initial and final radiation spectra of the luminaires are presented; using mathematical statistics methods, variation of luminaire CCT over the service period claimed by the manufacturer is forecast; the least favourable electric operation modes with the highest CCT variation observed are defined. The obtained results have confirmed availability of the problem of variation of CCT of LED luminaires during their operation. Possible way of its resolution is application of more qualitative and therefore expensive LEDs with close proximity of phosphor or LEDs with remote phosphor. The article may be interesting both for manufacturers and consumers of LED light sources and lighting devices using them.

Remedies for Breach of Contract: The Future Development of Scots Law in its European and International Context

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector L MacQueen
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
European Contract ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
International Context ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Law Commission

This paper,first presented on 21 October 1995 at ajoint seminar ofthe Scottish Law Commission and the Faculty of Law, University of Edinburgh, on the subject of breach of contract, considers the future development of the law in this area, first by considering its history and current state in comparative terms and drawing the conclusion that it is characterised by a mixture of Civilian and Common Law elements; second, by comparing Scots law with the provisions on breach contained in recently published proposals for a harmonised law of contract (the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, the Principles of European Contract Law prepared by the Lando Commission, and the draft “code”for the United Kingdom prepared on behalf of the English Law Commission by Harvey McGregor in the late 1960s) and in international conventions on the sale of goods. Although Scots law emerges reasonably wellfrom this exercise, there are a number of points to be taken on board in any future reform, as well as some insights into important underlying principles.

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