Income Contingency and the Repayment of Student Loans

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C.R. Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Student Loans ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Postsecondary Students ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
Current Systems

The current systems of financial support to postsecondary students in Canada and elsewhere are clearly inadequate. Their evident deficiencies have revived interest in the possibility of income-contingent loans and in the use of the tax system to deal with repayments. Some simulative experiments are used here to explore the feasibility of income contingency and to explore the sensitivity of financial flows to various assumptions about interest rates, income growth, age-earning profiles, default, and take-up rates for loans. Evidence from these experiments points to some salient features in the design of new schemes or the support of postsecondary students, and it also permits the identification of relevant issues which might significantly affect the practical implementation of any scheme involving income contingence as a basis for repayments.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Efficiency of Implementing the Regional Program of Preferential Lending to Small and Medium-Sized Businesses (Based on Rostov Region)

2020 ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Olga Chernova ◽  
Irina Davydenko
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Financial Factors ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Social And Economic Development

Financial factors are crucial for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The article dwells on the issue of the effectiveness of regional financial support for small and medium-sized businesses implemented in the form of preferential lending, and it also discusses “failures” that generate problems in the implementation of this support. The research object is Rostov region. The authors prove that it is difficult for small and medium-sized businesses to obtain a loan on normal terms due to instability of financial flows. As a result of the analysis, the authors reveal that the volume of lending to small businesses in Rostov region is steadily declining. The decrease in demand for loans from small businesses is connected with high interest rates on bank loans. The article emphasizes that concessional lending can solve the problem through the encouragement of business development in priority areas for the region. The correlation analysis is carried out on the basis of comparing the main indicators of the regional subprogram “Development of small and medium-sized businesses in Rostov region” and indicators of social and economic development of the region. According to the results of the analysis, there is an increase in the number of economic entities in the section of small and medium-sized businesses due to unemployment reduction in the region. However, this quantitative dependence in Rostov region is functionally unstable and probabilistic. At the same time, inefficient organizational and methodological activities of the state in supporting small and medium-sized enterprises have lead to the emergence of “failures” that generate the problem not of the lack of financial resources but of their low demand.

Research on Financial Support for Rural Economic Development in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 1623-1626
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Rural Economic Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Production

Nowdays, science and technology are growing in leaps and bounds; the social economy is also increasingly developing. However, our country’s rural economy is still backward represented by modest income growth and poor living standard of the peasants, which have become a serious problem to be solved in our country’s economy and society. To boost rural economic development can hardly do without financial support; insufficient rural financial support will hinder rural economic development. Only increasing the financial support of rural economic development could promote rural production, rural development and income of the peasants.

scholarly journals Illicit financial flows and foreign direct investment in developing countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-447
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Innocents Edoun ◽  
Alexandre Essome Dipita ◽  
Dikgang Motsepe
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Illicit Financial Flows

Africa is facing a number of challenges that are negatively affecting socio-economic development at all levels of governments and local governments are expected to play a leading role for Africa’s development. One of these challenges are illicit financial flows that are perceived by many as a crime against Africa’s transformation. The continent is losing billions of dollars every year because of tax evasion, corruption and inappropriate transfer pricing and maladministration. With tax being one of Africa’s main sources of revenue, current and past researches revealed that, illicit financial flows (IFFs) cripple African Governments tax base as a results of capital outflows and lack of good governance. This situation obviously is a challenge for Africa’s development as governments struggle to finance structuring projects and this in turn compels these governments to seek funds from international organisations at very high interest rates. It is also important to reveal that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) rapidly grew after the Second World War with the intention to maximize profit on investment in less developed countries and specifically in the African continent. In competing in Africa, most multinationals main objective is to pay less tax, make extensive profits and transfer the proceeds to their country of origin. This subsequently gave rise to illicit financial flows in Africa where the continent is losing billions of dollars. Past studies equally revealed that, Africa’s revenue could increase between 55 and 65%, if appropriate mechanisms of monitoring the flows were in place. This study therefore is based on the premise that, tax evasion, illicit financial flows, corruption and abusive transfers pricing are all factors that affect Africa’s development. Using appropriate method of inquiry, this study wants to demonstrate the presence of FDI’s in Africa as a modus operandi behind tax evasion. It also using the “Appropriability Theory” to explain the rationale for FDI in Africa.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Amy Austin Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Suez Canal ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
The World ◽  
Gamal Abdel Nasser

In 2011 Egypt witnessed more protests than any other country in the world, kicking off a revolutionary process that would unfold in three waves of revolution, followed by two waves of counterrevolution. This chapter briefly contrasts the period of Gamal Abdel Nasser to the recent wave of upheaval. Nasser and the Free Officers implemented wide-ranging reforms by overthrowing the monarchy, declaring a republic, implementing land reform, expropriating the Suez Canal, expelling British troops from Egypt, and joining the nonaligned movement in efforts to move away from the colonial past. In so doing they turned a coup into a “revolution from above.” By contrast, President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi has not implemented any major reforms. His actions have led to the reconstitution of the old Mubarak regime, but with even greater authoritarianism aimed to crush any entity that is seen as independent of the regime. Instead of setting Egypt on a path of greater economic independence, Egypt’s reliance on foreign donors has grown, with increased financial flows from the Gulf. As a crude form of “payback” for this financial support, Egypt handed over the Tiran and Sanafir islands to Saudi Arabia.

What Are The Alternatives To Student Loans In Higher Education Funding?

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Stokes ◽  
Sarah Wright
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Student Loans ◽  
Student Loan ◽  
Education Funding ◽  
Higher Education Funding ◽  
The Government ◽  
Market Instability ◽  
The Cost

In a period of student loan scandals and U.S. financial market instability impacting on the cost and availability of student loans, this paper looks at alternative models of higher education funding. In this context, it also considers the level of financial support that the government should provide to higher education.

scholarly journals FINANCING AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES AS A SPECIAL PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.V KISLITSYNA ◽  
◽  
B.V MAXIMOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Debt Financing ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Special Process

One of the priority strategic tasks of state policy is the formation of an effective competitive agro-industrial production, which becomes possible if there is the necessary financial support for agricultural enterprises. The financing process in this case is the basis for solving this problem. The article examines the process of financing an agricultural enterprise as a special process that includes financial support and the use of capital. Financial support plays a special role for an agricultural enterprise, since the use of capital is predetermined by the specifics of the activity. One of the ways to finance the agro-industrial complex is self-financing, this allows you to cover current costs, but in the long term does not allow you to increase profits due to an increase in cost. It is economically justified to use debt financing. The peculiarities of agricultural activities lead to the need for financial support from the state. The article discusses the most relevant form of support, namely, subsidizing interest rates on loans.

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