Nixtamal techniques for different maize races prepared as tortillas and tostadas by women of Chiapas, Mexico

Nixtamalization, which means cooking maize in alkaline water, is the central technique for the culinary use of maize in Mexico and Central America. Without this procedure, relying on maize as the basic starch staple is inadequate because of nutriment deficiencies. Mexico has more than 50 principal racial types of maize, and these differ in grain qualities that can require the adjustment of the nixtamalization process. Properties such as hardness and grain composition influence nixtamalization because they are related to the absorption of water that occurs during cooking and steeping. Some maize preparations, like tortillas and tostadas, can also require the adjustment of nixtamalization to obtain a high-quality foodstuff. We studied how women in three regions of the state of Chiapas, which differ in the prevalent maize race available, prepare their nixtamal and whether they make changes according to the type of food they prepare. Interviews of 30 women follow the measure of relevant variables when the women prepared nixtamal. We found that nixtamalization is adjusted for different grain hardnesses and for environmental conditions. Variations were found in the cooking time of the nixtamal, in the amount of time the nixtamal was steeped, and in a special process of double boiling of the nixtamal performed by some women for tostadas. Women that specialize in production for the market have developed variations preferred by consumers. As practiced by women in Chiapas, nixtamalization is a flexible technique that is adjusted for maize type and for food preparations.

Rights of Families of Disappeared Persons

This book examines how international judicial and non-judicial bodies in Europe address the needs of the families of forcibly disappeared persons. The needs in question are returning the remains of disappeared persons; the right to truth; the acceptance of responsibility by states; and the right to compensation. These have been identified as the four most commonly shared basic and fundamental needs of families in which an adult was disappeared many years previously and is now assumed to be dead, which is representative of the situation of the vast majority of families of disappeared persons in Europe. <br><br>The analysis covers the judgments and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, the UN Human Rights Committee, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the Human Rights Chamber for Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Human Rights Advisory Panel in Kosovo, as well as the activities of the Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus, the Special Process on Missing Persons in the Territory of former Yugoslavia, the UN Committee on Enforced Disappearances and the International Commission on Missing Persons. In so doing, the book demonstrates whether, how, and based on what principles these four needs of the families of disappeared persons can constitute a claim based on international human rights law.

Research on the Interaction of Genetic Algorithm in Assisted Composition

Computer-aided composition is an attempt to use a formalized process to minimize human (or composer) involvement in the creation of music using a computer. Exploring the problem of computer-aided composition can enable us to understand and simulate the thinking mode of composers in the special process of music creation, which is an important application of artificial intelligence in the field of art. Feature extraction on the MIDI files has been introduced in this paper. Based on the genetic algorithm in this paper, a platform of the sampling coding method to optimize the character representation has solved the traditional algorithmic music composition study. Music directly from the pitch and duration can be derived from the characteristics, respectively, in the form of a one-hot encoding independently said. Failure to the rhythm of the characterization of the pitch and duration are problems that lead to the inability of compositional networks to learn musical styles better. Rhythm is the combination of pitch and time values according to certain rules. The rhythm of music affects the overall style of music. By associating the pitch and time value coding, the rhythm style of music can be preserved better so that the composition network can learn the style characteristics of music more easily.

Representational and Authentic: Sustainable Heritage Message through Architectural Experience in the Case of Bernard Tschumi’s Acropolis Museum, Athens

Bernard Tschumi’s Acropolis Museum represents the historical heritage value entailing the traces of the time with the combinations of diverse elements. The experience of the value of immanent heritage is a special process engaging both body and mind. This paper ranges from the planning of the museum to an examination of the purpose of the design concept and its close relationship with the surrounding urban context. The design concept of the coexistence of the excava tion site and the new museum is analyzed in cross-sectional and structural terms. The way the message of the past of the Acropolis’s heritage meets with the present architecture of today’s museum with the keyword experience is also analyzed. Overall, it focuses on the delicate process of coordination where the old and new meet. In this respect, the Acropolis Museum is an example of recreating authentic heritage.

Propagating uplift controls on high-elevation, low-relief landscape formation in the southeast Tibetan Plateau

High-elevation, low-relief surfaces are widespread in many mountain belts. However, the origin of these surfaces has long been debated. In particular, the southeast Tibetan Plateau has extensive low-relief surfaces perched above deep valleys and in the headwaters of three of the world’s largest rivers (Salween, Mekong, and Yangtze Rivers). Various geologic data and geodynamic models show that many mountain belts grow first to a certain height and then laterally in an outward propagation sequence. By translating this information into a kinematic propagating uplift function in a landscape evolution model, we propose that the high-elevation, low-relief surfaces in the southeast Tibetan Plateau are simply a consequence of mountain growth and do not require a special process to form. The propagating uplift forms an elongated river network geometry with broad high-elevation, low-relief headwaters and interfluves that persist for tens of millions of years, consistent with the observed geochronology. We suggest that the low-relief interfluves can be long-lived because they lack the drainage networks necessary to keep pace with the rapid incision of the large main-stem rivers. The propagating uplift also produces spatial and temporal exhumation patterns and river profile morphologies that match observations. Our modeling therefore reconciles geomorphic observations with geodynamic models of uplift of the southeast Tibetan Plateau, and it provides a simple mechanism to explain the low-relief surfaces observed in several mountain belts on Earth.

El uso obligatorio de las mascarillas y su afectación a los derechos fundamentales en el Tribunal Supremo

LABURPENA: COVID-19aren birusak eragindako izurriari aurre egiteko aldarrikatutako gobernuaren neurrietako bat aurpegiko babes-maskaren erabilera orokorra ezartzea izan zen. Auzitegi Goreneko Administrazioarekiko Auzien III. Salaren Laugarren atalak, 2020ko azaroaren 20ko eta abenduaren 17ko epaien bidez, oinarrizko eskubideak babesteko prozedura bereziaren bitartez jarritako administrazioarekiko bi auzi-errekurtso ezetsi zituen, eta ukatu egin zuen Osasun Ministerioaren maiatzaren 19ko 422/2020 Aginduak, haien erabilera arautzekoak, errekurtsogileen oinarrizko eskubideak urratzen zituenik. Aitzitik, Goi Auzitegiak iritzi zion birusaren hedapenaren gaineko ezagutza aintzat hartuta, maskara nahitaez erabiltzea neurri legitimoa, beharrezkoa eta neurrizkoa zela guztion osasuna babesteko interes orokorraren xedea lortzeko, zeina interes partikularren gainetik gailentzen den. Lan honek epaien balorazio kritikoa egitea du xedetzat, edukiaren ikuspegi formal eta material batetik begiratuta, auzia distira handirik gabe ebatzi baitute. Horretarako, aurretiaz, azaletik aztertu dugu larrialdi sanitarioan oinarrizko eskubideak bermatzea zaintzen duen esparru judiziala, bai eta maskaren erabilera orokorraren neurriaren arau-testuingurua ere. Egoerak aitzakia gisa balio digu gure gogoeten esparrua aztergai dugun gai nagusiari lotutako interes juridikoko zenbait alderditara zabaltzeko, eta, halaber, azken balorazio batzuk egiteko, bereziki nahitaezko neurri honen arrazoizkotasunari buruzkoak. ABSTRACT: One of the govermental measures promulgated to cope with the epidemic provoked by COVID-19 virus was the application of the generalized use of the face protection masks. The Fourth Section in the Contentious-Administrative Chamber by the Supreme Court by means of judgments from November 20th and December 17th dismissed some contentious-administrative appeals lodged according to the special process for the protection of fundamental rights, denying that the Order by the Health Ministry 422/2020 of May 19th that rules their use, had violated the appellants fundamental rights. On the contrary, the High Court considered that in the state of knowledge of the dissemination of the virus, the mandatory use of face protection masks was a legitimate measure in order to achieve the general goal of health protection overriding other particular interests. This work aims at critically assessing the judgments, as from a formal an material perspective they sort out the dispute with little brillance. For that, we briefly explore the judicial framework that ensures guarantees of fundamental rigths during health emergency, and also the legal context of the mandatory generalized use of face protection masks. The juncture shall be a pretext for broadening the field for reflecting on some of the aspects of legal interest related to the main issue studied, as well as for providing a final assessment, in particular, on the reasonableness of such a compulsory measure. RESUMEN: Una de las medidas gubernamentales promulgada para hacer frente a la epidemia causada por el virus COVID-19 fue la imposición de la utilización generalizada de las mascarillas faciales de protección. La Sección Cuarta de la Sala III de lo Contencioso-Administrativo del Tribunal Supremo mediante las sentencias de 20 de noviembre y 17 de diciembre de 2020 desestimó sendos recursos contencioso-administrativos interpuestos a través del procedimiento especial de protección de derechos fundamentales, negando que la Orden del Ministerio de Sanidad 422/2020, de 19 de mayo, reguladora de su utilización vulnerase los derechos fundamentales de las personas recurrentes. Por el contrario, el Alto Tribunal consideró que, en el estado de conocimiento de propagación del virus, el uso obligatorio de la mascarilla constituía una medida legítima, necesaria y proporcional para alcanzar el fin de interés general de protección de la salud de todos, el cual prevalece sobre los intereses particulares. Este trabajo tiene por objeto realizar una valoración crítica de estas sentencias, en tanto que desde una perspectiva material de contenido y formal, despachan el litigio sin demasiada profundidad ni brillantez. Para ello, con carácter previo exploramos de forma somera el marco judicial que vela por la garantía de los derechos fundamentales en la emergencia sanitaria, así como el contexto normativo de la medida del uso generalizado de mascarillas. La coyuntura nos sirve de pretexto para ampliar el campo de nuestras reflexiones hacia una serie de aspectos de interés jurídico conexos, además de para aportar unas valoraciones finales sobre la cuestión, en particular, sobre la razonabilidad de dicha medida obligatoria.

STUDI KASUS PROSES INERTING TANKI MUATAN PADA KAPAL MT. GAS WALIO DALAM RANGKA PERSIAPAN DOCKING

In handling cargo, some types of ships have different ways. On gas tankers containing LPG, a special process is required in avoiding explosions in cargo tanks and avoiding the waste of cargo into the atmosphere. The process of handling the payload is the inerting porses on the payload tank. This process includes inert gas with oxygen levels of less than 8% to prevent the formation of fire triangles in the payload tank so as to avoid explosions. Inert gas is produced by an engine in the form of an Inert Gas Generator. Inert gas generators have several components, the process of which is interconnected with each other to produce inert gases. Inert gas generators require a good and correct maintenance and repair system considering the purpose of inserting inert gas into the payload tank is significant in terms of safety and security on board. Case study on board MT. Walio gas observes the activities of the inerting process that is disrupted by the waste of inert gas into the atmosphere and has a high dew point value so that inert gas does not enter the tank load. From the results of the case study intended that the components on the gas generator inert do not function properly, some analysis is done by observing the continuity of the process and written data so that it is expected that the case study has the benefit in theory and practice in handling the continuity of the inerting process.

Analytical study of Tila nal Paneeya Kshara

Kshara is mentioned only in post-Vedic literature. Whilst Charaka Samhita applies only to Detailed description of its preparation, classification, indication and description for Kshara In Susruta Samhita, contraindications are available. Kshara is defined as one of the Upayantras or AnuSastras. It is a medicine, prepared out of the dried plants water soluble ashes by a special process known as Kshara kalpana.It is considered to be between Shashtra and Pradhan because of its Chedana, Bhedana, Lekhana and, Anushashtra Karma, as it is said, to be Tridoshaghna and for special techniques to be used. Susruta has characterised"TatraKsharanatKshananadva Kshara" The medication has distinctive Ksharan or Kshanan properties. Ksharan, meaning either good or unhealthy, kills fleshy mass. Paneeya Kshara is indicated in good number of diseases by ancient Acharyas. Tilanal Paneeya kshara is mentation in Rasatarangini and used in various diseases.

Geographical queries reformulation using a parallel association rules generator to build spatial taxonomies

Geographical queries need a special process of reformulation by information retrieval systems (IRS) due to their specificities and hierarchical structure. This fact is ignored by most of web search engines. In this paper, we propose an automatic approach for building a spatial taxonomy, that models’ the notion of adjacency that will be used in the reformulation of the spatial part of a geographical query. This approach exploits the documents that are in top of the retrieved list when submitting a spatial entity, which is composed of a spatial relation and a noun of a city. Then, a transactional database is constructed, considering each document extracted as a transaction that contains the nouns of the cities sharing the country of the submitted query’s city. The algorithm frequent pattern growth (FP-growth) is applied to this database in his parallel version (parallel FP-growth: PFP) in order to generate association rules, that will form the country’s taxonomy in a Big Data context. Experiments has been conducted on Spark and their results show that query reformulation using the taxonomy constructed based on our proposed approach improves the precision and the effectiveness of the IRS.

Detecting Changes under Multivariate Normal Distributions via the Generalized Inference

It is commonly encountered in many fields to detect whether a change occurs on a population after a special process. Based on observations for describing the population before and after the process, we formulate this problem as two statistical hypotheses testing problems within a framework of multivariate statistical analysis and then propose a generalized inference approach to solve them. The corresponding generalized p values and their calculation details are provided. The proposed method is also extended to multiple testing problems. Simulation studies show that the proposed p values have satisfactory frequentist performance. We illustrate our methods with a real application in manufacturing of bearings that are used in medical devices.