scholarly journals Synanthropic spiders’ diversity (Arachnida, Araneae) in the urban zone of Morelia citiy, Michoacan, Mexico. How much does the time of construction of the houses influence?

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (04) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Juan MALDONADO-CARRIZALES ◽  
Javier PONCE-SAAVEDRA ◽  
Alejandro VALDEZ-MONDRAGÓN
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
The West ◽  
Direct Capture ◽  
Urban Zone ◽  
Spider Community

Spiders have been used to evaluate changes in systems by anthropization effect, some species showing sensitivity to gradual and drastic changes such as urbanization, and other species have been documented as tolerant to this effect. The goal of this work was to describe the change in the spider community in relation to the age of buildings. at the west of Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico. Three categories of construction time and the neighboring vegetation as the pre-urbanization environment were used for comparison. Using direct capture, pit-fall traps and beating nets, 3,619 spiders were collected, and 3,219 (315 males, 630 females and 2,274 immatures) were used for the analysis after removal juveniles that was not possible to identify. A total of 28 families, 93 genera, 47 species and 55 morphospecies were identified. This represents the greatest richness and abundance recorded in urban environments of the country. It describes changes in alpha diversity from colonization in recent constructions to those built 17 years ago. I t was observed that abundance, richness, and diversity decrease with the age of a building, but with high equitability in every age of construction. The age of a building is an important factor for the process of succession in urban environments.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF A SANDBAR BREAKWATER, LEKKI, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Bart-Jan van der Spek ◽  
Bas van de Sande ◽  
Eelco Bijl ◽  
Cypriaan Hendrikse ◽  
Sanne Poortman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
West African ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
The West ◽  
West African Coast ◽  
African Coast ◽  
Coastal Retreat ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Port Infrastructure

The nature-based concept of the Sandbar Breakwater was born based on the typical natural dynamics of the West African coast (Gulf of Guinea). Learning from the development and coastal impact of the existing port infrastructure in West Africa, the application of sand as a construction material for marine infrastructure seemed very obvious. Along this coast, ports experience heavy sedimentation at the western updrift side of the breakwaters, leading to the rapid burying of valuable armour rock. The Sandbar Breakwater concept is based on this principle by using natural accretion as the basis for the port protection. Such a concept is advantageous as a large sediment drift naturally supplements the sand lling works during construction and the required rock volumes are reduced signicantly, saving construction time and minimising the environmental impact. To counteract the downdrift coastal retreat, a replenishable sand engine completes the scheme. The realisation of a Sandbar Breakwater at Lekki, Nigeria, in 2018, with subsequent safe and continuous port operations, proves the feasibility of the concept. Sustainable future development is further pursued by integrated maintenance campaigns following the Building with Nature principles to guarantee the operability of the port while preserving the alongshore sediment balance and minimising the environmental impact.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/-1wCqqB9f8E

Tradition, Innovation, and Authentication: Replicating the "Ahl as-Sunna wa Jamaat" in Britain

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ron Geaves
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
The Face ◽  
British Experience

The article will argue that the normative definition referring to Sunni Muslims, “Ahl as-Sunna wa Jamaat” has become highly contested since used as a strategy for legitimization by South Asian Sufi tariqas. Critiquing arguments that link scripturalist reform movements within Islam to urbanization, the author demonstrates that contemporary Sufi resistance to the reformers in Britain has welded together both rural ‘folk’ practice and ‘high’ Sufism into a potentially politically mobilized union. Rather than a separation of ulama and saints as proposed by Gellner, the South Asian Muslims met the Reform critique with a powerful and erudite opposition consisting of both pirs and maulvis which defended their cultic beliefs and practices as normative. The article concludes that the British experience demonstrates not so much the demise of traditional Sufism in the face of Wahhabi or Salafi scripturalism, but rather that the former are learning the lessons of the revivalists and creating innovative ways that authenticate tradition in the new urban environments of the West.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics on Spider Population in Pathiramanal Island, Kerala, India: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jobi J. Malamel
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Spider Community ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Impact of temperature, rainfall, and humidity varied across different seasons, and the spiders responded differently in each season. Spider community reaches its peak in growing season (October to January). The growing season is recorded as the period with average temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity and which is found to be more suitable for spider population to increase, because highest proportion of spiders is trapped during this season. Ecological factors diminished the spider fauna from February to May (dry season) with high temperature and then gradually decreased through June to September (rainy season) because of heavy rainfall. Correlation analysis of variables with species richness and number of individuals is tested to check the statistical significance between them. Season-wise dendrogram is plotted to show the similarity between the seasons. For the estimation of spider diversity in three different seasons, indices such as Fisher alpha diversity index, Shannon diversity index and Simpson’s diversity index are evaluated.

scholarly journals Nivní malakofauna řeky Ohře – její minulost a současnost [The floodplain molluscan fauna of the Ohře River (Czech Republic) – its past and present]

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Jitka Horáčková ◽  
Vojen Ložek ◽  
Lucie Juřičková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Floodplain Forests ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
The West ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Molluscan Fauna

The recent molluscan assemblages of all floodplain forests on the 256 km long Ohře River were studied (West and Northwest Bohemia, Czech Republic). Altogether, 75 species of terrestrial Gastropoda representing 30% of the total Czech malacofauna, were recorded at sites selected during previous and recent research from 1950−2010. The Ohře malacofauna is impoverished of many forest and floodplain species in comparison to molluscan assemblages of smaller Bohemian rivers to the west and northwest. The richest molluscan assemblages occur on the upper part of the river, while the middle and lower parts are very poor. Low alpha-diversity of these parts of the Ohře River can be explained by (1) intensive agriculture in floodplain areas of the middle part of the river, (2) the migration barrier of the Nechranice Dam between the upper and middle river parts, and (3) long-term human influence on the lower part of the Ohře River during the Holocene.

METHODOLOGY FOR SIMULATIONS IN OIL AND GAS PIPELINES

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 1021-1022
Author(s):  
Aníbal José Constantino Alves
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
The West ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
West Central ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines

ABSTRACT This paper presents the methodology used by DTCS (Pipelines and Terminals of the West Central Region and São Paulo State), part of PETROBRÁS’ Department of Transport, in simulated emergency situation exercises as applied to its pipeline installations. This is the result of experience acquired through various simulated emergencies already carried out in both rural and densely populated urban environments.

scholarly journals The fecal microbiota of piglets during weaning transition and its association with piglet growth across various farm environments

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250655
Author(s):  
Diana Luise ◽  
Mathilde Le Sciellour ◽  
Arnaud Buchet ◽  
Rémi Resmond ◽  
Charlène Clement ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
The West ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Commercial Farms

This study describes the fecal microbiota from piglets reared in different living environments during the weaning transition, and presents the characteristics of microbiota associated with good growth of piglets after weaning. Fecal samples were collected pre- (d26) and post-weaning (d35) from 288 male piglets in 16 conventional indoor commercial farms located in the West of France. The changes one week after weaning on the most abundant microbial families was roughly the same in all farms: alpha diversity increased, the relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae (-61%), Christensenellaceae (-35%), Enterobacteriaceae (-42%), and Clostridiaceae (-32%) decreased, while the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae (+143%) and Lachnospiraceae (+21%) increased. Among all the collected samples, four enterotypes that were ubiquitous in all farms were identified. They could be discriminated by their respective relative abundances of Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Lachnospira, and likely corresponded to a gradual maturational shift from pre- to post-weaning microbiota. The rearing environment influenced the frequency of enterotypes, as well as the relative abundance of 6 families at d26 (including Christensenellaceae and Lactobacillaceae), and of 21 families at d35. In all farms, piglets showing the highest relative growth rate during the first three weeks after weaning, which were characterized as more robust, had a higher relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, a lower relative abundance of Proteobacteria, and showed a greater increase in Prevotella, Coprococcus, and Lachnospira in the post-weaning period. This study revealed the presence of ubiquitous enterotypes among the farms of this study, reflecting maturational stages of microbiota from a young suckling to an older cereal-eating profile. Despite significant variation in the microbial profile between farms, piglets whose growth after weaning was less disrupted were, those who had reached the more mature phenotype characterized by Prevotella the fastest.

Urbanization as a driver of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity losses in bird communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 1114-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Facundo X. Palacio ◽  
Lucía M. Ibañez ◽  
René E. Maragliano ◽  
Diego Montalti
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Functional And Phylogenetic Diversity

Urbanization is one of the most important threats to biodiversity worldwide, as it drives declines in species diversity, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity and increases functional redundancy among species. We estimated taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversities, as well as the abundance of several functional groups, in bird communities from a town in east-central Argentina in 1985–1986 and 30 years after (2015–2016). In 1985–1986, we found that taxonomic diversity (abundance, species richness, and alpha diversity), functional richness, and basal phylogenetic diversity were negatively related to building cover, whereas terminal phylogenetic diversity showed a positive relationship with building cover. Moreover, the abundance of specialized functional groups (ground, aerial, and foliage insectivores; nectarivores/insectivores; ground/canopy and ground granivores) decreased with increased building cover, whereas the reverse pattern for the abundance of generalists (medium-sized/large and small omnivores) was found. In 2015–2016, by contrast, taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversities were not related to building cover. Our results not only support the hypothesis that urbanization affects the potential number of ecosystem functions, but also that this relationship may change through time. Given the accelerated rate of urbanization worldwide, an integrative approach between different facets of biodiversity is promoted to gain insight into the response of bird communities in urban environments.

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