The Impact of Taxation Accounting of Value-Added-Tax in the Engineering of the Iraqi Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Haitham ALI AL-Anbgai
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sales Tax ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Operational Management ◽  
Oil Rents ◽  
The Impact

This study analyses the causes behind the difficulties encountered by Iraqi economy in rebuilding, provision of value added tax (VAT), formation and implementation effects in case of applying it to the Iraqi markets. In contrast to accounts that lay stress on Iraq’s statist past, we argue that the sustained decline in formal institutions and poor tax administration is the best explanation for Iraq’s economic decline. In addition to the selected micro-economic interventions, we recommend policies that more dependably and equitably distribute oil rents, such as a universal basic value added tax collection. Our recommendations thus contrast sharply with the approaches that emphasize a reduced role by the state. The aim is to facilitate the development of VAT model under conditions of lowered conflict and greater stability, a binding constraint on development for Iraqi economy. The development process for the VAT operational management in Iraqi markets. VAT operates as a transactional sales tax, often compliance in Iraqi market jurisdiction can be compromised where purchasers are a part of a scheme that operates a fraud mechanism or where supplies are made to consumers without any physical presence in destination countries. In this context, enforcement nexus must be reinforced through several mechanisms suggested in the literature.

scholarly journals Dynamic Integrated Model for Assessing Fisheries: Discard Bans as an Implicit Value-Added Tax

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Maria Da Rocha ◽  
Javier García-Cutrín ◽  
Maria-Jose Gutiérrez ◽  
Raul Prellezo ◽  
Eduardo Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
A Value ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntegrated economic models have become popular for assessing climate change. In this paper we show how these methods can be used to assess the impact of a discard ban in a fishery. We state that a discard ban can be understood as a confiscatory tax equivalent to a value-added tax. Under this framework, we show that a discard ban improves the sustainability of the fishery in the short run and increases economic welfare in the long run. In particular, we show that consumption, capital and wages show an initial decrease just after the implementation of the discard ban then recover after some periods to reach their steady-sate values, which are 16–20% higher than the initial values, depending on the valuation of the landed discards. The discard ban also improves biological variables, increasing landings by 14% and reducing discards by 29% on the initial figures. These patterns highlight the two channels through which discard bans affect a fishery: the tax channel, which shows that the confiscation of landed discards reduces the incentive to invest in the fishery; and the productivity channel, which increases the abundance of the stock. Thus, during the first few years after the implementation of a discard ban, the negative effect from the tax channel dominates the positive effect from the productivity channel, because the stock needs time to recover. Once stock abundance improves, the productivity channel dominates the tax channel and the economic variables rise above their initial levels. Our results also show that a landed discards valorisation policy is optimal from the social welfare point of view provided that incentives to increase discards are not created.

scholarly journals Value Added Tax and Informality: Determinants of Registration of Enterprises under State VAT in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-48
Author(s):  
Sacchidananda Mukherjee ◽  
R. Kavita Rao
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
The State ◽  
Sales Tax ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Taxation System

Unincorporated enterprises often bypass formal regulations in general and taxation in particular. Bringing unincorporated enterprises under the taxation system is a challenge often faced by tax administrators, and it is in this regard that the present study explores the factors which influence the decision of unincorporated enterprises to register with the state value added tax (VAT)/sales tax authority across states in India. This analysis is limited to the decision regarding registration. It is not necessary that enterprises that are registered pay taxes and/or file returns—however, the process of registration does provide some information to the tax department for follow ups. The study throws up some interesting results for policymakers and tax administrators. JEL Classification: H25, H32, H26, L53

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENERAPAN PEMUNGUTAN PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI PADA BUMN SEBAGAI PEMUNGUT DAN TIDAK SEBAGAI PEMUNGUT PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI (STUDI KASUS PADA PT PELABUHAN INDONESIA III Cabang Benoa)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agista Ayu Aksari
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The State ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Sales Tax ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Difference

On 1st July 2012 SOE (State-Owned Enterprises)become the Value Added Tax (VAT) collector. According to the regulation of the Ministher of Finance No.85/PMK.03/2012 about the appointment of the State Owned Enterprises to collect, deposit and reporting Value Added Tax (VAT) and Sales Tax on Luxurious Goods, and precedures for collecting, depositing and reporting. The purpose of this research is to determine the difference between SOE as a Value Added Tax collector and not as a Value Added Tax collector.The object of this research is PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III cabang Benoa. The data analysis in this research is to analyze the calculation and reportig of VAT before being VAT collector and when it became VAT collector.The result of this research it is known that are the application of the value added tax on PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III Cabang Benoa before becoming tax collector is charged directly by fiskus and has official assessment system and as a PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III Cabang Benoa has a self assessment system whereby PT Pelabuahan Indonesia III Cabang Benoa became ILL wapu. Differnce in PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III Cabang Benoa as a collector, and the collector Is a time before becoming a collector has aself just my assessment system whereas before becoming a collector has official assessment system. Tax eceipt when it became a collector of VAT using duplicate counts 3 before becoming a collector only uses 2 of the double. For SSp before becoming a duplicate while using 4 collector as a collector to use duplicate. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.1214932

scholarly journals The specifics of applying value added tax for local authorities

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Miloš Grásgruber ◽  
Petra Mísařová
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Common System ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
The Impact

If local authorities units carry out an economic activity, are considered to be taxable under Act No. 235/2004 Coll., On Value Added Tax as amended. Adjustment of VAT in all countries of the European Union is based on Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax as amended. The application of this directive is binding for all EU member states and national treatment of VAT may diverge from the Directive only in cases where the Directive permits. Decisions of the European Court of Justice are of considerable importance during the interpretation of the Czech VAT Act.For the municipalities and regions article defines the activities that are considered to be an economic activity and activities that are deemed to exercise of public administration and are not therefore subject to VAT. Further the paper defines the concept of turnover of local authorities. At paper there are evaluating the impact of the application of VAT on municipalities and regions in the provision of the individual fulfillment. Great attention must municipalities and region devote to the problem of correct application of claim to tax deduction if they carry out the exercise of public administration, taxable activities and fulfillments exempt from VAT.

scholarly journals Effect of Corporate Tax on Government Expenditure in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
Patrick Ologbenla
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bound Test

The study investigated the impact of corporate income tax on the government expenditure in Nigeria. Data on corporate income tax, value added tax, interest rate, gross domestic product, petroleum profit tax and consumer price index were collected and used as independent variable in the study while data on public expenditure were collected and used as independent variable in the estimated model. The ARDL bound test was applied and the result showed that corporate income tax have long run relationship that is significant with government expenditure. Other forms of tax such as value added tax and petroleum profit tax also have significant impact on government expenditure. The study concluded that corporate income tax should be sustained in order to ensure that government continue to fulfill her obligation of provision of social amenities that will promote the economic growth of the country.

The Impact of the Value-Added Tax Rate on the Entrepreneurial Behavior Model (On the Example of Palm Oil Importers)

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-197
Author(s):  
Anna V. Lozhnikova ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr L. Bogdanov ◽  
Tatiana G. Vayderova ◽  
Larisa N. Spivakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behavior ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Dairy Food ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the problem of the reducing life quality of Russians in the new conditions of the market economy. The Russian phenomenon of the use of “palm oil” as a priority raw material in food production is analyzed against the decrease in its use in the EU countriesand against the expansion of the daily diet of the Chinese due to increased dairy food consumption. Opposing points of view of key industry associations (the Dairy Union of Russia and the Fat and Oil Union of Russia) have been identified and are presented in the context of palm oil use in dairy food production. The results of a statistical study of the demand for palm oil from Russian importers against the background of an increase in the value-added tax rate from 10 to 20% in October 2019 are presented. The data of customs statistics on palm oil imports were analyzed in the context of countries of origin, nine codes of the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity, months and years within the five-year period of 2016–2020, as well as in the context of the importing regions of Russia. The results of statistical processing of data by the Federal Customs Service revealed no effect of the sharp increase in the VAT rate on the volume of palm oil imports. The analysis of foreign statistics revealed a significant presence of actors in the chemical industry among transnational companies that are the largest consumers of palm oil. The model of entrepreneurial behavior based on consumption in palm oil production, formed and widely spread in the Russian food industry market, is criticized. 98% of palm oil and its fractions imported into Russia goes to the needs of food industry enterprises, and the authors consider that the foreign ownership of these enterprises plays an important role. In the authors’ opinion, in many respects, the latter fact determined our country’s ranking first in the food chemistry sector in the distribution of published patent applications by technology field for the top 10 origins in 2014–2016. In this respect, Russia is far ahead of China, the USA, Japan, South Korea, Germany, the UK,France, and Switzerland. In China, systematic research is being carried out on the ratio of palm oil use in the food (primarily, instant noodles, other fast food) and non-food (chemical industry, including cosmetics production) sectors.

The Perception of Tax Complexity Within Local Authorities' VAT Framework

2018 ◽  
pp. 384-405
Author(s):  
Ana Clara Borrego ◽  
Cidalia Mota Lopes ◽  
Carlos Manuel Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Tax Complexity ◽  
Perceived Complexity ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tax Noncompliance

The relevance of the impact of tax complexity on tax noncompliance justifies the study of tax complexity in the scope of several taxpayers, including local authorities. This chapter analyses the case of the value added tax (VAT), a typical example where the misuse of exemptions and no subjections imply the no payment of taxes by citizens. Therefore, this chapter tries to assess, qualitatively and quantitatively, the levels of tax complexity perceived in local authorities' administrations through the amount of binding tax information those organizations request. The results suggest a high degree of perception of tax complexity and uncertainty as well as a lack of transparency associated with the tax framework of the activities of local authorities. It is pointed out that the perceived complexity is essentially legal. Moreover, the findings establish a relation between some more complex legal changes with great tax impact within these entities and the increase of the number of binding tax information requested on their subjects.

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