Ocena działania olejku majerankowego wobec bakterii beztlenowych

Introduction. Sweet majoram (Origanum majorana L.), green plant from family Lamiaceae is common used in traditional medicine. Herba majoranae containing from 1 to 3.5% essential oil. The main components of the oil depend on the geographic origin of the plant and include: terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, terpinene, γ-terpinene, cis-sabinene hydrate, p-cymene, triterpenic acid, phenolic acid, flavonoids glycosides, tanins, diterpenoids and triterpenoids. The oil is used for treatment of lung diseases, spleen, kidneys, hepatitis, alimentary tract and headaches. It has antiemetic, anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from oral cavity to majoram oil. Material and methods. A total of 57 anaerobic bacteria belonging to the genus of Porphyromonas (4 strains), Prevotella (9), Bacteroides (11), Parabacteroides (1), Tannerella (2), Fusobacterium (7), 11 strains of Gram-positive cocci, 12 strains of Gram-positive rods and 6 reference strains were tested. Investigation was carried out using the plate dilution technique in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemine. Inoculum containing 106 CFU per spot was seeded with Steers replicator upon the agar with various oil concentrations as well as upon that no majoram oil (Semifarm, Elbląg). The concentrations oil were: 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml. The plate were incubated in anaerobic conditions, in anaerobic jars for 48 hours in 37°C. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was interpreted as the lowest concentrations oil inhibiting the growth of strains of anaerobes. Results and discussion. The results of investigations indicated that the from Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the genus of Bacteroides uniformis, Tannerella forsythia and Bacteroides vulgatus were the most susceptible to the essential oil (MIC <0.06-0.5 mg/ml). But the 89% strains from genus of Prevotella was sensitive to 2.0 mg/ml and more. Tested oil was less active against the strains from genera of Fusobacterium. MIC of the strains were in ranges 1.0-> 2.0 mg/ml. The rods from the genera Prevotella bivia, Prevotella buccalis, Prevotella loescheii, Bacteroides fragilis, Parabacteroides distasonis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were the lowest sensitive (MIC > 2.0 mg/ml). The oil was very active vs. Gram-positive cocci. MIC for 50% this strains was in ranges < 0.06-0.25 mg/ml. But the Gram-positive rods were less sensitive. The growth of the strains were inhibited by concentrations in ranges 1.0-> 2.0 mg/ml (without Actinomyces viscosus – MIC 1.0 mg/ml). It appears that Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria were more susceptible to majoram oil than Gram-negative rods. Conclusions. The most susceptible to majoram oil from Gram-negative bacteria were rods of Bacteroides uniformis, Tannerella forsythia and Bacteroides vulgatus. The oil was very active against Gram-positive cocci and rods. The Gram-negative anaerobes were less susceptible to majoram oil than Gram-positive anaerobes.

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Oddziaływanie na bakterie beztlenowe olejku jałowcowego (Oleum Juniperi)

Postępy Fitoterapii ◽

10.25121/pf.2018.19.4.237 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Kędzia ◽

Elżbieta Hołderna-Kędzia

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Growth Control ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Propionibacterium Granulosum ◽

Reference Strains ◽

Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction. Juniper berries have been used in ancient in folk medicine for treatment infections, as a spice for meat, and preparation of gin and raki. Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) belongs to the Cupressaceae family. It is an evergreen tree or shrub and achieve from 2 to 10 m high. Its berries produced essential oil, which contain α-pinene, camphene, limonene, cadinene, terpinen-4-ol, myrcene, β-pinene, sabinene, flavonoids, resins, organic acids, and tannins. The oil is used for treatment various diseases. It demonstrate antimicrobial properties. Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria of oral cavity to juniper oil. Material and methods. The 56 of anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients, in it Gram-negative rods (31 strains), Gram-positive cocci (13) Gram-positive rods (12) and 8 reference strains were tested. Investigation was carried out using the plate dilution technique in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. Inoculum containing 106 CFU per spot was seeded with Steers replicator upon the agar with oil or without the oil (strains growth control). Concentration of dated oil were: 2,0, 5,0, 7,5, 10,0, 15,0 and 20,0 mg/ml. The plate was incubated in anaerobic condition in anaerobic jar in 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was interpreted as the lowest concentration of juniper oil inhibiting the growth of tested bacteria. Results and discussion. The results of the experiments indicated, that rods from Gram-negative anaerobes, the strains belonging to the genera of Prevotella and Porphyromonas, were the most susceptible to essential oil. The MIC’s for the strains be within from 5,0 to 10,0 mg/ml. The lowest sensitive were the rods from genera Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Tannerella (MIC > 20,0 mg/ml). From among Gram-positive cocci the most sensitive to oil were the strains from genus Finegoldia magna. The oil was active towards half of the strains in concentration < 2,5 mg/ml. The tested Gram-positive rods were the less sensitive (MIC 5,0-> 20,0 mg/ml). From this group, the strains Actinomyces viscosus demonstrated the sensitivity on 5,0 to 7,5 mg/ml. The most resistance were the rods Actinomyces odontolyticus and Propionibacterium granulosum (MIC > 20,0 mg/ml). Conclusions. The lowest susceptible to juniper oil from Gram-negative bacteria were genus of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Tannerella. The oil was the most active against strains of Prevotella and Porphyromonas. The cocci were the more susceptible than Gram-positive rods. The Gram-positive anaerobes showed high susceptibility to juniperus oil than Gram-negative rods.

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Wpływ olejku świerkowego (Oleum Picea excelsa) na bakterie beztlenowe

Postępy Fitoterapii ◽

10.25121/pf.2019.20.1.25 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Kędzia ◽

Elżbieta Hołderna-Kędzia

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Growth Control ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Tannerella Forsythia ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Picea Excelsa ◽

Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction. Spruce (Picea abies L.) is a member of family Pinaceae. It was known and used in ancient. The tree grown to 50 m height. Produced by conifers etheric oil possesses antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. The major compounds of the spruce oil are: pinene, cadinene and felandrene. It is obtained hydro distillation method. Aim. The aim of the date was to investigate activity of spruce oil against anaerobic bacteria. Material and methods. The 53 of anaerobic bacteria isolated from oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, in it 32 strains of Gram-negative rods, 12 Gram-positive rods and 9 Gram-positive cocci were tested. Moreover investigated 8 reference strains. Susceptibility (MIC) was determined by two-fold dilution technique in Brucella agar with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. The spruce oil was dissolved in DMSO and distillated water to obtained a final concentrations 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 mg/ml. The inoculums containing 106 CFU/ml was seeded with Steers replicator upon the surface of agar with oil or without tested essential oil (strains growth control). Incubation the agar plates was performed in anaerobic conditions in anaerobic jars containing 10% C02 , 10% H2 and 80% N2 , palladic catalyst and anaerobic indicator, at 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was established as the lowest concentration of the spruce oil that inhibiting the growth of tested anaerobes. Results. The results of these investigations indicated that the most susceptible to spruce oil from Gram-negative bacteria were the strains Prevotella intermedia (MIC 5.0-10.0 mg/ml) and Porphyromonas levii (MIC = 7.5 mg/ml). The growth of strains from genus Bacteroides fragilis was inhibited by concentration > 20.0 mg/ml, and Tannerella forsythia in ranges from 15.0 to > 20.0 mg/ml. The Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible. The growth of 50% of this rods was inhibited in concentration 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. From Gram-positive rods from genus of Actinomyces odontolyticus were the most susceptible. The 75% of the rods were inhibited by spruce oil in concentrations 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. The least sensitive was the strain Actinomyces viscosus (MIC = 15.0 mg/ml). The tested oil was more active on account Gram-positive cocci. The growth was inhibited by concentrations in ranges 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. The Gram-positive cocci were more susceptible than Gram-positive rods. The data indicated that the spruce oil was more active towards Gram-positive rods than Gram-negative anaerobes. Conclusions. From the Gram-negative bacteria the Prevotella rods were the more susceptible to spruce oil. The oil was the less active towards Gram-negative rods from genus Tannerella forsythia. From Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria the Gram-positive cocci were the more susceptible to spruce oil then Gram-positive rods.

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Działanie in vitro olejku cyprysowego (Oleum Cupressi) na bakterie beztlenowe

Postępy Fitoterapii ◽

10.25121/pf.2019.20.2.91 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Kędzia ◽

Elżbieta Hołderna-Kędzia

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Growth Control ◽

Cupressus Sempervirens ◽

Tannerella Forsythia ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive Cocci ◽

Porphyromonas Levii

Introduction. Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) belongs to the family Cupressaceae. It is evergreen, and grows in Mediterranean region. The Cypress leaves and young branches are utilized to produce the essential oil. Cypress oil contain a number of components, in it α-pinene, Δ3-carene, α-terpinyl acetate, cedrol, α-terpinolene, β-myrcene, limonene, α-terpineolene, terpinen-4-ol, β-pinene, δ-cadinene and sabinene. The oil is used in therapy different diseases. It to have antimicrobial activity. Aim. The aim of the date was evaluation the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to Cypress oil. Material and methods. The anaerobic bacteria were isolated from patients. The 62 microorganisms, in it 36 strains of Gram-negative rods, 14 Gram-positive cocci and 12 Gram-positive rods, and 7 reference strains were tested. Susceptibility (MIC) was determined by means of plate dilution technique in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. The Cypress oil was dissolved in DMSO and distilled water to obtain final following concentrations: 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 mg/ml. Inoculum containing 106 CFU per 1 ml was seeded with Steers replicator upon the agar with oil or without the oil (strains growth control). The agar plates was incubated in anaerobic condition in anaerobic jar in 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was interpreted as the lowest concentration of Cypress oil inhibiting the growth of tested bacteria. Results. The results indicated that from among Gram-negative rods the most susceptible to Cypress oil was the strains from genus Tannerella forsythia (MIC < 2.5-5.0 mg/ml), Bacteroides uniformis (MIC = 5.0 mg/ml), Bacteroides vulgatus and Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (MIC 5.0-7.5 mg/ml) and Porphyromonas levii (MIC = 7.5 mg/ml). The strains from genera Fusobacterium and of Bacteroides fragilis were the susceptible to 2.5-≥ 20.0 mg/ml. The Cypress oil was least active towards Prevotella and Parabacteroides strains (MIC ≥ 20.0 mg/ml).The tested Gram-positive cocci were more susceptible. The growth of the strains were inhibited by concentrations in ranges ≤ 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. The oil was minor active towards Gram-positive rods (MIC ≤ 2.5-20.0 mg/ml). Among the strains the genus of Actinomyces odontolyticus (MIC = 5.0 mg/ml) and Actinomyces viscosus (MIC ≤ 2.5-7.5 mg/ml) were the most susceptible. The growth of rods of Bifidobacterium breve was inhibited by concentrations 10.0 mg/ml. The data indicates that the Gram-negative rods were the less susceptible than Gram-positive bacteria to cypress oil. Conclusions. Among Gram-negative rods the most susceptible were the strains Tannerella forsythia, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and Porphyromonas levii. The oil was more active against Gram-positive cocci. Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria demonstrate the more susceptible to Cypress oil then Gram-positive rods.

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Działanie olejku lawendowego (Oleum Lavandulae) na bakterie beztlenowe

Postępy Fitoterapii ◽

10.25121/pf.2018.19.3.170 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Kędzia ◽

Elżbieta Hołderna-Kędzia ◽

Joanna Wiśniewska

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Growth Control ◽

Water Concentration ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Lavender Oil ◽

Lavandula Officinalis ◽

Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction. Therapeutical, cosmetical and culinary properties of lavender oil was valued from ancient. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lavandula officinalis Chaix.) belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Lavender produced essential oil. It possess different property: hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antispasmotic, antiulcers, antidepression, antioxidant, antireumatic, insect repellent and antimicrobial. Aim. The aim of this work was to investigate the susceptibility of anaerobes of oral cavity to lavender oil. Material and methods. The anaerobic bacteria were isolated from various infections of oral cavity. A total 32 strains of bacteria isolated from patients and 5 reference strains were examined. The susceptibility (MIC) anaerobes to lavender oil was determined by means of plate dilution technique in Brucella agar, supplemented with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. Stock solution of essential oil was prepared in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and afterwords in distilled water. Concentration of oil used were: 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml. The inoculum contained 106 CFU per spot was seeded with Steers’ replicator upon the surface of agar with oil and without the oil (strains growth control). Incubation was performed in anaerobic conditions in anaerobic jars, at 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was interpreted as the lowest concentration of lavender oils inhibiting the growth of tested anaerobic bacteria. Results. The results indicated, that from all tested anaerobes 10 (31%) was susceptible in ranges < 0.12-0.5 mg/ml. The oil was active towards 53% strains in concentration = 1.0 mg/ml. The MIC for remaining strains was > 2.0 mg/ml. From the Gram-positive cocci the most susceptible were the strains Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. MIC of the strains were < 0.12 mg/ml. The Gram-positive rods were the lowest sensitive. The lavender oil inhibited growth of this bacteria in concentration = 1.0 mg/ml. Conclusions. The more susceptible to lavender oil, from Gram-negative bacteria were the genus Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides uniformis and from Gram-positive cocci genus Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. The Gram-negative anaerobes were less susceptible to tested oil than Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria.

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Aktywność olejku pichtowego (Oleum Pichtae) wobec bakterii beztlenowych

Postępy Fitoterapii ◽

10.25121/pf.2019.20.1.30 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Kędzia ◽

Andrzej W. Kędzia

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Growth Control ◽

Bacteroides Fragilis ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Tannerella Forsythia ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Prevotella Bivia

Introduction. Abies whitebark (Abies sibirica L.) belonging to the family Pinaceae. The tree grown in Mongol, China and Siberian taiga. Produced the pichtae oil, which is obtained by hydrodistillation method. It contain: α-pinene, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, bornyl acetate, camphene, mircene and cineole. The oil exhibiting expectorant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antialergic, liver restorative, adaptogenic and antioxidant properties. It has antimicrobial activity. Aim. The aim of the date was to determine the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients to pichtae oil. Material and methods. The investigated 49 strains of bacteria isolated from patients from genus Bacteroides (7 strains), Parabacteroides (1), Prevotella (8), Porphyromonas (5), Tannerella (1), Fusobacterium (6), Finegoldia (4), Parvimonas (2), Peptostreptococcus (4), Actinomyces (4), Bifidobacterium (1), Propionibacterium (6), and 10 reference strains. The concentrations the oil were the following: 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 mg/ml. The pichtae oil was added to Brucella agar with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. Inoculum containing 106 CFU/ml was seeded with Steers replicator upon the agar with oil or without oil (strains growth control). The incubation was carried out in anaerobic jars containing 10% C02 , 10% H2 and 80% N2 , palladic catalyst and anaerobic indicator, at 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentration of the pichtae oil that completely inhibited growth the anaerobic bacteria. Results. The results investigation indicated that from Gram-negative rods Tannerella forsythia (MIC = 5.0 mg/ml), Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides uniformis (MIC = 7.5 mg/ml) were the most susceptible to pichtae oil. The growth of Prevotella strains were inhibited by concentrations in ranges 5.0-15.0 mg/ml. The Prevotella bivia (MIC 10.0-15.0 mg/ml) and Prevotella buccalis (MIC = 15.0 mg/ml) were the most resistant. The tested oil was active on account genus of Fusobacterium strains in concentrations 5.0-10.0 mg/ml. The Gram-positive cocci were the more sensitive then rods. The growth was inhibited by concentrations in ranges ≤ 2.5-10.0 mg/ml. The oil was equally effective against Gram-positive rods (MIC ≤ 2.5-10.0 mg/ml). From this bacteria the more susceptible were the strains of Actinomyces (MIC ≤ 2.5-7.5 mg/ml) and the least a rods from genus of Bifidobacterium (MIC = 10.0 mg/ml). The date indicated, that the Gram-positive anaerobes were the more susceptible to pichtae oil than Gram-negative rods. Conclusions. From among the Gram-negative bacteria the more susceptible to pichtae oil were the rods from genus Tannerella forsythia, Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides uniformis. Gram-positive anaerobic cocci were the more susceptible then Gram-positive rods. The pichtae oil was the more active towards Gram-positive bacteria then Gram-negative anaerobic rods.

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Coriander essential oil and linalool - interactions with antibiotics against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

Letters in Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1111/lam.13100 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 156-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

P. Aelenei ◽

C.M. Rimbu ◽

E. Guguianu ◽

G. Dimitriu ◽

A.C. Aprotosoaie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative

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Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Conjugated with Nisin: Improving the Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties of Nanomaterials

Chemistry ◽

10.3390/chemistry3040092 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 1271-1285

Author(s):

Patricia Zimet ◽

Ruby Valadez ◽

Sofía Raffaelli ◽

María Belén Estevez ◽

Helena Pardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Value Added ◽

Green Technology ◽

Natural Food ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles

Microbial technology offers a green alternative for the synthesis of value-added nanomaterials. In particular, fungal compounds can improve silver nanoparticle production, stabilizing colloidal nanoparticles. Based on a previous study by our group, silver nanoparticles obtained using the extracellular cell-free extracts of Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PchNPs) have shown antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, nisin—a bacteriocin widely used as a natural food preservative—has recently gained much attention due its antimicrobial action against Gram-positive bacteria in biomedical applications. Therefore, the aim of this work was to conjugate biogenic silver nanoparticles (PchNPs) with nisin to obtain nanoconjugates (PchNPs@nis) with enhanced antimicrobial properties. Characterization assays were conducted to determine physicochemical properties of PchNPs@nis, and also their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were studied. The formation of PchNPs@nis was confirmed by UV-Vis, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy analysis. Different PchNPs@nis nanobioconjugates showed diameter values in the range of 60–130 nm by DLS and surface charge values between −20 and −13 mV. Nisin showed an excellent affinity to PchNPs, with binding efficiencies higher than 75%. Stable synthesized PchNPs@nis nanobioconjugates were not only able to inhibit biofilm formation by S. aureus, but also showed inhibition of the planktonic cell growth of Staphyloccocus aureus and Escherichia coli, broadening the spectrum of action of the unconjugated antimicrobials against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, these results show the promising application of PchNPs@nis, prepared via green technology, as potential antimicrobial nanomaterials.

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Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Espeletia nana

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1200700530 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexis Peña ◽

Luis Rojas ◽

Rosa Aparicio ◽

Libia Alarcón ◽

José Gregorio Baptista ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

The essential oil of the leaves of Espeletia nana Cuatrec, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC-MS, which allowed the identification of 24 components, which made up 99.9% of the oil. The most abundant compounds were α-pinene (38.1%), β-pinene (17.2%), myrcene (15.0%), spathulenol (4.2%), bicyclogermacrene (4.0%), α-zingiberene (4.0%), and γhimachalene (3.7%). Antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the agar disk diffusion method. Activity was observed only against Gram-positive bacteria. MIC values were determined for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923(200 μg/mL) and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (600 μg/mL).

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Essential Oil of Daucus glaber Forssk

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2004-5-615 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 59 (5-6) ◽

pp. 373-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

El-Sayed S. Mansour ◽

Galal T. Maatooq ◽

Ashraf T. Khalil ◽

El-Sayed M. Marwan ◽

Amal A. Sallam

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Terpene Alcohols ◽

Monoterpene Hydrocarbons

The composition of the essential oil of the fruits, leaves and stems of Daucus glaber Forssk has been studied by GC/MS. It was found that, the essential oil of the fruits consists of monoterpene hydrocarbons (limonene and sylvestrene are the majors) and phenylpropanoids (elemicin is the major). Sylvestrene has never been reported before in the essential oil of any Daucus species. The study of the essential oil of the leaves revealed the presence of monoterpene hydrocarbons; limonene and γ-terpinene are the majors and a small amount of sylvestrene. The essential oil of stems consists of monoterpene hydrocarbons (γ-terpinene is the major), terpene alcohols (mainly 4-terpineol) and phenylpropanoids (myristicin and elemicin are the majors). It is interesting that, the essential oil of the fruits is free from any oxygenated terpenes while that of the stems is free from limonene and sylvestrene which are present in the essential oil of the fruits and leaves in fairly large amounts. The essential oil of the fruits, leaves and stems shows broad antimicrobial activities against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. In addition, the volatile oil of the stem, particularly, show activities against Candida albicans (yeast). Also, the prepared oils have variable cytotoxic activities with LC50 21.52, 36.01 and 42.34 μrg/ml. respectively.

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