Propionibacterium (Cutibacterium) granulosum Extracellular DNase BmdE Targeting Propionibacterium (Cutibacterium) acnes Biofilm Matrix, a Novel Inter-Species Competition Mechanism

Acne vulgaris is the most common dermatological disorder worldwide affecting more than 80% of adolescents and young adults with a global prevalence of 231 million cases in 2019. The involvement of the skin microbiome disbalance in the pathophysiology of acne is recognized, especially regarding the relative abundance and diversity of Propionibacterium acnes a well-known dominant human skin commensal. Biofilms, where bacteria are embedded into a protective polymeric extracellular matrix, are the most prevalent life style for microorganisms. P. acnes and its biofilm-forming ability is believed to be a contributing factor in the development of acne vulgaris, the persistence of the opportunistic pathogen and antibiotic therapy failures. Degradation of the extracellular matrix is one of the strategies used by bacteria to disperse the biofilm of competitors. In this study, we report the identification of an endogenous extracellular nuclease, BmdE, secreted by Propionibacterium granulosum able to degrade P. acnes biofilm both in vivo and in vitro. This, to our knowledge, may represent a novel competitive mechanism between two closely related species in the skin. Antibiotics targeting P. acnes have been the mainstay in acne treatment. Extensive and long-term use of antibiotics has led to the selection and spread of resistant bacteria. The extracellular DNase BmdE may represent a new bio-therapeutical strategy to combat P. acnes biofilm in acne vulgaris.

Composition of the conjunctive microflora of the patients before outbulatory cataract surgery

Purpose. Study of the composition of the conjunctival cavity in healthy patients before elective outpatient cataract surgery. Material and methods. The contents of the conjunctival cavity were examined in 30 patients who were admitted to the ophthalmological departments of the Kirov Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital for the surgical treatment of cataracts as planned. Results. The growth of microflora was detected in 100% of the studied patients when examining crops from the conjunctiva. Most of the identified microorganisms are representatives of the normal microflora of the human skin and mucous membranes. Conclusion. 1. The structure of the conjunctival microflora in patients before elective cataract surgery has a wide spectrum – aerobes (Staphilococcus aureus, Staphilococcus epidermidis) and anaerobes (Propionibacterium granulosum), gram-positive (Corinebacterium spp.) and gram-negative (Klebsiella sp., E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) microorganisms, as well as fungi of the genus Candida. 2. The most common representatives of the conjunctival cavity microflora are Candida fungi (72.4%), E. coli (65.5%), Enterococcus sp. (55.2%), Klebsiella sp. (55.2%), Strp.pyogenes (51.7%), which should be taken into account when prescribing antibacterial therapy in the pre – and postoperative period. Key words: cataract surgery, conjunctival microflora.

THE ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF ESSENTIAL OILS ON PROPIONIBACTERIUM GRANULOSUM STRAINS

Gram-positive bacteria Propionibacterium granulosum lives on human skin along with other propionibacteria on the skin, these bacteria are especially important to have healthy skin and occupy some ecological niches. These niches are populated by some pathogenic bacteria. Propionibacterium granulosum bacteria produce some fatty acids that have low molecular weight, bacteriocins and other substances that inhibit some bacteria. The aim of this research is to investigate the microbiological evolution of some essential oils on Propionibacterium granulosum strains. It is observed that the highest values are recorded when 20 µL of essential oil is used.

Oddziaływanie na bakterie beztlenowe olejku jałowcowego (Oleum Juniperi)

Introduction. Juniper berries have been used in ancient in folk medicine for treatment infections, as a spice for meat, and preparation of gin and raki. Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) belongs to the Cupressaceae family. It is an evergreen tree or shrub and achieve from 2 to 10 m high. Its berries produced essential oil, which contain α-pinene, camphene, limonene, cadinene, terpinen-4-ol, myrcene, β-pinene, sabinene, flavonoids, resins, organic acids, and tannins. The oil is used for treatment various diseases. It demonstrate antimicrobial properties. Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria of oral cavity to juniper oil. Material and methods. The 56 of anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients, in it Gram-negative rods (31 strains), Gram-positive cocci (13) Gram-positive rods (12) and 8 reference strains were tested. Investigation was carried out using the plate dilution technique in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. Inoculum containing 106 CFU per spot was seeded with Steers replicator upon the agar with oil or without the oil (strains growth control). Concentration of dated oil were: 2,0, 5,0, 7,5, 10,0, 15,0 and 20,0 mg/ml. The plate was incubated in anaerobic condition in anaerobic jar in 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was interpreted as the lowest concentration of juniper oil inhibiting the growth of tested bacteria. Results and discussion. The results of the experiments indicated, that rods from Gram-negative anaerobes, the strains belonging to the genera of Prevotella and Porphyromonas, were the most susceptible to essential oil. The MIC’s for the strains be within from 5,0 to 10,0 mg/ml. The lowest sensitive were the rods from genera Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Tannerella (MIC > 20,0 mg/ml). From among Gram-positive cocci the most sensitive to oil were the strains from genus Finegoldia magna. The oil was active towards half of the strains in concentration < 2,5 mg/ml. The tested Gram-positive rods were the less sensitive (MIC 5,0-> 20,0 mg/ml). From this group, the strains Actinomyces viscosus demonstrated the sensitivity on 5,0 to 7,5 mg/ml. The most resistance were the rods Actinomyces odontolyticus and Propionibacterium granulosum (MIC > 20,0 mg/ml). Conclusions. The lowest susceptible to juniper oil from Gram-negative bacteria were genus of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Tannerella. The oil was the most active against strains of Prevotella and Porphyromonas. The cocci were the more susceptible than Gram-positive rods. The Gram-positive anaerobes showed high susceptibility to juniperus oil than Gram-negative rods.

Associação de imunoestimulante com anti-helmíntico no tratamento da verminose em ovinos

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a eficiência do uso de imunoestimulante associado a anti-helmíntico no tratamento das helmintoses de ovinos. Os animais do grupo I (n=29) receberam o anti-helmíntico albendazole (11mg kg-1) em administração única e o imunoestimulante composto de Propionibacterium granulosum (16ug kg-1) e lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) de Escherichia coli (1,2ug kg-1) em duas doses com intervalo de 48 horas e os animais do grupo II (n=29) receberam o anti-helmíntico albendazole (11mg kg-1). Amostras foram colhidas semanalmente durante 28 dias para a realização da contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos, hematócrito e contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG). Os animais que receberam imunoestimulante associado a anti-helmíntico apresentaram aumento significativo dos valores de eosinófilos e linfócitos (P<0,05) em relação aos animais que receberam somente anti-helmíntico. Na contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos (P>0,05). Com base nesses resultados, pode-se concluir que imunoestimulantes podem ser utilizados associados a anti-helmínticos como alternativa terapêutica no tratamento das helmintíases em ovinos, uma vez que promovem a ativação da resposta imune com participação de células e mediadores importantes para a eliminação de helmintos em ovinos.