ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE KONOPELKA RIVER BASIN

The article is devoted to the analysis of physical and geographical features of the Konopelka river basin. Hydrological characteristics of the river, morphometric, geomorphological, climatic features of its basin, soil cover of the territory are considered. The history of the study of the geoecological condition of the river basin, the rational use and protection of water resources of the basin in the works of ukrainian scientists has been studied. The position of the basin in the zoning scheme of the territory of Ukraine for the potential danger of erosion processes, anthropogenic development of the basin are analyzed. It is established that the level of anthropogenic development of the basin is not high. Within its boundaries there are 26 settlements, 16.5 thousand people live. The economic complex of the basin is represented mainly by agriculture with a developed production of grain and industrial crops, as well as the local industry for processing agricultural products. 33% of the basin area is covered by forest, 3% - wetlands, 21% - meadows, 40% - arable land. Only 3% of the catchment area is built up. In the use of land resources in recent years there has been a tendency to reduce arable land in connection with the introduction of contour and reclamation organization of the territory, allotments for homestead land, reserve land and the organization of farms. The water resources of the basin are currently used sparingly. The largest water consumer is agriculture. The total water demand is about 733000 m3/year, and the irreversible use of 551000 m3/year. Compared to 1991, in 2020 the volume of water supply to meet the needs of industry and utilities increased by 43.4% (due to the use of groundwater), agriculture - by 150%, wastewater discharge also increased by 42%. There are no organized wastewater discharges within the basin. Pollution of the river occurs as a result of unorganized runoff from agricultural fields, livestock farms, rural areas and unauthorized landfills. Drainage reclamation has a significant impact within the basin. Erosion rates are exceeded 6.5 times, the level of erosion risk is crisis, plowing is 49.2%. In order to study the changes in the natural functioning and balance of the ecological system of the Konopelka river, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the level of anthropogenic pressure on its basin was conducted. In particular, the degree of anthropogenic transformation of the modern landscape was assessed according to the method of KAP, proposed by Voropay L.I., Dutchak N.V., Kunitsa N.A. The coefficient of landscape stability was also calculated according to the method of Klementova E., Heinige V. The performed calculations allowed to identify the value of the degree of transformation of the studied landscape as a transformed, unstable landscape with pronounced instability. The ecological condition of the river basin is unfavorable. Among the individual processes and phenomena that affect the formation of the geoecological state, it is necessary to highlight the location of pesticides that cause contamination with ammonia and phosphorus, the extent of plowing, which contributes to the removal of pollutants from agricultural areas. However, in addition to the processes of anthropogenic pollution, there are other processes that affect the formation of the ecological state of the basin. In particular, the processes of karst, waterlogging, flooding, ravine formation, subsidence and planar erosion are manifested. As a result of these processes, the channel is silted up, sediments are formed, and the shores are washed away. Environmental measures are proposed to improve the geoecological condition of the river basin. Among them: replanning of agricultural use of lands of various technological groups, organizational and economic agrotechnical reclamation and hydrotechnical compensatory measures. Keywords: river basin, geoecological condition of the basin, sources of anthropogenic influence within the basin, anthropogenic transformation of the basin

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Integrated Hydroecological Monitoring of Watercourses in Zuya River Basin

Ecology and Industry of Russia ◽

10.18412/1816-0395-2021-9-73-79 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 73-79

Author(s):

N.M. Ivanyutin ◽

N.E. Volkova ◽

S.V. Podovalova

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

River Basin ◽

Monitoring Network ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Small Water ◽

Water Users ◽

Visual Survey ◽

Water Disposal ◽

Environmental Measures ◽

Qualitative Characteristics

The results of a comprehensive agroecological assessment of the main watercourses of the Zuya river basin are presented. Studies were conducted in 2017–2020 and included: conducting a visual survey, measuring water consumption, assessing the qualitative characteristics of runoff, including phytotesting and determining its suitability for irrigation purposes. It was determined that the main pollutants of the watercourses were sulphates, phosphates, heavy metals. The assessment of salt composition of water resources has shown that they are mostly suitable for irrigation without restriction. However, according to the results of phytotesting, an inhibitory effect was recorded, which indicates a possible decrease in the yield of crops sensitive to water-contained pollutants. The water balance calculations showed the presence of a shortage of water resources in the Zuya river basin. The environmental situation on the surveyed water bodies was identified as unfavorable. The set of priority environmental measures includes: the creation of a permanent monitoring network, the arrangement of settlements with water disposal systems, the inventory of small water storage facilities and the implementation of the required repair and operational work on them, and the optimization of the number of water users.

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Climate indicators of changes in hydrological characteristics (a case of the Psyol river basin)

Geology Geography Ecology ◽

10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-12 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Resources ◽

Research Methods ◽

River Basin ◽

The State ◽

Small Rivers ◽

Medium Size ◽

Water Runoff ◽

Anthropogenic Pressure ◽

Hydrological Characteristics

Formulation of the problem. A national climate program, complying with the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, is aimed at long-term adaptation measures to climate change, providing for the development of legislation in the field of environmental protection, sectoral strategies, improving air and water quality. These measures require identification of climatic factors’ impact on hydrological characteristics of water bodies in any area in order to protect and improve them, as well as a comprehensive approach to the rational management of water resources. Analysis of previous research. Using mathematical models of atmospheric circulation allows us to obtain generalized calculations of the average global and regional air temperature, characterized by significant errors in case of different models. Problems of further research. Modern changes in climatic conditions in Ukraine are characterized by locality and rapidity: increasing number of anomalous atmospheric phenomena, frequency of droughts, dry winds which, according to preliminary estimates, may lead to reduction of water resources, changes in internal annual redistribution of water temperature and runoff against the background of increasing thermal resources of the territory. The purpose. The article analyses climatic indicators’ influence on the main hydrological characteristics on the example of the Psyol river basin within Ukraine. Research methods. Research methods are presented by statistical and cartographic analysis (correlation analysis method). The initial information is the results of observations contained in the State Climate Cadastre and the State Water Cadastre for the Dnieper Valley. Presentation of the main research material. Analysis of climate change in the Psyol river basin indicates a decrease in water consumption, both in the main river of the basin and in its main tributaries. In addition to changes in temperature and humidity, the reasons for this process were the shifts that occurred in the nature of the intra-annual distribution of the runoff. During the late XX – early XXI century the share of spring floods decreased due to the reduced period of ice phenomena and corresponding decrease in the thickness of the snow cover on the rivers. As a result, the most important component of the annual runoff of rivers began to decrease rapidly. The role of groundwater in the formation of water runoff increased against the background of a predominant decrease in precipitation. This is especially true for medium-size and small rivers, subject to significant anthropogenic pressure: over-regulation of channels, creation of artificial lakes, their shallowing. Practical value. Based on the main provisions of the national environmental policy of Ukraine on the use of water resources and the implementation of European principles of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60 / EC (ERVD) the study of changes in hydrological regime of rivers is of practical importance for sustainable management. Research results. The study of the impact of changes in climatic indicators on hydrological characteristics makes it possible to determine the reference conditions and classes of ecological status of rivers under conditions of anthropogenic pressure against the background of further changes in climatic indicators that will have different trends.

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DETERMINATION OF SOIL LOSS IN THE ULYSAI RIVER BASIN USING THE RUSLE FORMULA

Hydrometeorology and ecology ◽

10.54668/2789-6323-2021-100-1-42-49 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 42-49

Author(s):

N.E. Ramazanova ◽

◽

Ch.Zh. Avezkhanov ◽

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

River Basin ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Arable Land ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Erosion Processes ◽

Significant Negative Impact ◽

Strong Winds ◽

West Kazakhstan

Since soil erosion is one of the processes that have a significant negative impact on land resources, as well as the economy, it is very important to determine the main types of erosion, calculate the process of soil erosion, rationalize and organize its prevention. Soil erosion is most often observed on fine-grained soils, in areas with high humidity and strong winds, with severe erosion, soil fertility is lost, which accordingly leads to a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products. Today it is effective to use the RUSLE formula to determine the main factors affecting soil erosion processes. The article examines the Ulysai river basin, located in the Burlinsky district of the West Kazakhstan region. In the course of the study, the coefficient of soil erosion for pastures was 0.007...0.09 t/ha per year. On arable land, the value of the coefficient A of soil erosion was 0,2...0,83 t/ha per year.

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Geoinformation modeling of antropogenic transformation of the basin geosystems (case study of Dnister right tributaries)

Geology Geography Ecology ◽

10.26565/2410-7360-2019-51-09 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

River Basin ◽

Arable Land ◽

The State ◽

Anthropogenic Changes ◽

Anthropogenic Transformation ◽

Natural Objects ◽

Land Use Types ◽

Geoinformation Modeling

The purpose of the article is to analyze anthropogenic transformation of river-basin geosystems of the outer Subcarpathian region by geoinformational modeling tools using various methods of quantitative estimation of anthropogenic pressure; comparison of modeling results on the basis of administrative-territorial and natural units, selection of optimal structural units for the study of anthropogenic changes in basin geosystems. Research methods. The features of estimation methods of anthropogenic transformation level of territorial complexes, based on various conceptual approaches to the study of anthropogenic changes in the components of the environment were investigated. In particular, the article compares methods of F.M. Milkov, P.G. Shyshchenko, E. Klementova and V. Geinige, P.P. Borschevsky, M.V. Boyarin, I.P. Kovalchuk, N.M. Ridey and D.L. Shofolov, A.M. Tretyak and others and by the means of geoinformation modeling of river-basin geosystems (namely, the case study of the outer Subcarpathian Dniester tributaries) shows the degree of representativeness of the results produced by each of them. It is noted that the technique by P.G. Shyshchenko allows to more accurately reflect the state of anthropogenic transformation of the river-basin system’s natural conditions Results. A range of digital cartographic models was developed to evaluate and compare anthropogenic transformation level of the two Carpathian basin systems and to identify similar and distinctive features of the state and the transformation level of the basin systems’ natural environment andstability of agricultural and forest landscapes in the studied basin geosystems. In particular, the study has revealed that the anthropogenic transformation of the outer Carpathian river basins is rising downstream. In the upper parts of the basins, it manifests itself in deforestation, while in the lower parts agricultural influence dominates. In addition, the index of anthropogenic transformation is rising with an increase in the order of sub-basins. The worst conditions of agro-landscapes are observed in the reclaimed valleys of the main rivers and their tributaries (due to the considerable level of plowing in the plain parts of the basins due to low fertility of soils, high levels of their acidity, degradation processes and chemical pollution). Stable territories are inherent exclusively in sub-basins which remain in their natural state or bear only traces of human activity. Settlements, which influence adjacent areas, are characterized by unsustainable land use. As for anthropogenic transformation, in the basin geosystem of the Berezhnytsia river its indicators increase upwards due to an increase in the share of arable land. On the contrary, in the basin of Bystrica much more land is occupied by industrial facilities, which affect the components of the geosystem the hardest. In this regard, the largest values of nature anthropogenic transformation indicators are found in the northern part of the basin and upstream of the city of Nadvirna and the town of Bykiv. Scientific significance. Case study of the administrative regions and the river basin located within them reveals the advantages of studying the geoenvironmental state of the territories according to their natural geographic taxonomic units, which allows to determine the most strained areas in geosystems. Particular attention is paid to the choice of optimum sized geospatial objects during the study of diverse basin systems. River sub-basins of the third order (according to the classification scheme of A. Strahler) were chosen to this purpose. Their size corresponds to that of the combined territorial communities’ area. The importance of formation a database that reflects on the state of the geospatial entities under study is emphasized. For this purpose, it is appropriate to convey the structure of land use, represented by indices of different land cover and land use types (protected areas, forest covered areas, swamps and wetlands, meadows, gardens and vineyards), arable land, land under rural and urban development, natural objects modified by human activities (reservoirs , ponds, channels), land utilized by industry and transport in each investigated object. The article shows that the best solution to this problem is provided by the processing of high-resolution spatial (in panchromatic and multispectral) remote sensing data. The most appropriate in this case are QuickBird satellite imagery, designed to create and update topographic maps and plans, to make inventories of forests and agricultural lands and to assess their condition, therefore allowing mapping of land use types that are not identified in statistical inventories. Practical significance. The results of this work will be helpful in selecting the specific technique allowing the most complete representation of anthropogenic transformation of natural objects; in choosing the most optimal spatial units to carry out the analysis and, accordingly, to fill in the database. The developed models reveal the most anthropogenically loaded parts of river-basin geosystems of the outer Subcarpathian region, which is essential for the extrapolation of the obtained results to other right tributaries of the Dniester River.

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