Structural and Logical Model of Transport Maritime Functioning Based on Modeling Information Technology

The article presents the sectoral structure of cruise (maritime) tourism and identifies the factors influencing the level of demand and supply of cruise tourism products. The sources of the influence of the cruise industry on the economic growth of the state and the welfare of its citizens are also considered. On the basis of specific features of cruise tourism functioning and the peculiarities of creating a cruise tourism product, a model of the functioning of a cruise (maritime) tourism complex has been built. Representation of the relationship of tourist needs according to the hierarchy of needs and a species classification of cruise tourism and the industries involved in its development is also given. The model of indicators and the structural components described are built in an environment of geoinformation modeling.

Dynamics of air temperature in the main types of mountain Crimea regional ecosystems

Climate change in Crimea is characterized by spatial heterogeneity in the displacement of air temperature fields, due to the influence of regional and local factors. There are currently no works devoted to the study of the reaction of regional ecosystems to changes in air temperature in Crimea. Based on open databases of reanalysis, geoinformation modeling the results of studies of the dynamics of air temperature in the main types of ecosystems of the Mountain Crimea under conditions of climate change are presented. For each circulation epoch and period of the Northern Hemisphere, maps of average annual temperatures were obtained along the landscape contours of the Crimean Peninsula. A map of the standard deviation of temperature within the landscape contours was made. For key areas, the mean annual air temperature, standard deviation, and factorial entropy were calculated. The main regularities of air temperature dynamics in the main types of Mountain Crimea ecosystems with the change of circulation epochs and periods of the Northern Hemisphere are revealed. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the standard deviation and factor entropy, the role of changes in air temperature in the formation of strategies for the development or stabilization of the main types of regional ecosystems in Mountain Crimea is shown.

Assessment of Seismogeodynamic Activity of Mining Areas on the Basis of 3D Geoinformation Modeling

The article deals with the creation of an information and analytical platform for assessing external causes of technogenic (man-made) accidents and for improving methods of their predication and prevention on the territories of long-term geological, mining, and engineering activities on the Southeastern (SE) Transbaikal region example — one of the key areas for mining and extraction of the strategic raw minerals in Russia. 3D modeling of active geological structures and hazardous seismogeodynamic processes on GIS-based technologies is a key instrument for forecasting dangerous natural and technogenic events and risk reduction of their occurrence. A matter of minimizing consequences of natural and technogenic disasters for such facilities of increased technological and environmental hazards as minefields, radiochemical facilities, sites for spent nuclear material disposal, dams, gas and oil pipelines, etc. has become essential. It is necessary to assess modern geodynamic territory’s activity on a unified geoinformation platform applying the newest integrated geological-geophysical researches’ methods for these objects, to select seismically active fault-fracture zones, to determine the rate and direction of surface displacement, to establish patterns of subsoil stressed-strained state natural component influence on behavior of local technogenic processes. Taking into account the specificities of geotectonic structure of mining territories, the structure of monitoring seismogeodynamic processes network on multifunctional geodynamic test sites should be developed. Observations made on test sites form the information basis for forecasting of lithosphere condition, taking decisions on rational subsurface management and providing ecological safety of the territory.

Geoinformation modeling of selection of territories for non-agricultural use

Possibilities of application of geoinformation modelling for the selection of land plots of non-agricultural purpose are considered. An analysis of the state of the study of issues related to the automation of decision support and the use of geographic information support for environmental issues. The use of geoinformation modelling for the selection of non-agricultural land plots is considered. This study describes the structuring of the general algorithm for establishing the necessary and impossible locations of objects and their limitations through a functional model. The functional model of site selection is generally common, i.e.: it is necessary to determine the desired location and exclude areas with restrictions, but for each object, it is necessary to set restrictions based on the environment. The article analyses the requirements for the selection of areas for two types of facilities: filling station and disposal tip. Geoinformation models of a selection of non-agricultural land plots for the placement of certain objects have been developed and implemented. As a result of this work, it is determined that the selection of land for the location of some non-agricultural facilities can use an algorithm that allows you to automate some stages of determining the territory. The results of the work can be used in community planning to form spatial decisions on the use of non-agricultural facilities.

Resource potential of Beninese soils for maize cultivation

Due to the growth of the population, the need of the Republic of Benin to increase food production is growing significantly. Maize is the main cultivated crop in the country, being also the main item of nutrition. The scientific rationale for expanding the area of maize cultivation is an important economic task. GIS database was created, which includes all the necessary information on soil, relief, and climate conditions in the country for assessment the resource potential of lands for maize cultivation. Geoinformation modeling of soil and land suitability for maize cultivation was performed. The most suitable lands were identified. Possibility to expand areas for maize cultivation in the country was assessed. It was found that the largest resources (in parts of the land fund) for the expansion of maize cultivation are in the following communities of Benin: Tory-Bossito (96%), Toviklin (92.41%), Materi (90.31%), Kobli (89.25%), Wayogbe (87.99), Parakou (86.57%), Jaco-Tomey (85.66%), Avrankou (85.46%), Allada (84.13%), Bohicon (82.24%), Sakete (81.85%), Za Kpota (78.08%), Akpo Misserete (77.96%), Bopa (77.15%), Kpomasse (75.82%) and Ifania (75.03%). The findings led us to conclude that, theoretically, the gross maize production in Benin could be increased fivefold (from 1,514,913 tons to 5,513,947 tons) only by expanding the cultivation area.

GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE FOREST LAND OF FOOTHILL AND LOWLAND PARTS OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF DROHOBYCH DISTRICT, LVIV REGION)

The forest cover of Drohobych district is vectorized with the help of remote sensing of the Earth based on space images QuickBird. The geospatial analysis of forest lands of the foothills and lowlands of the Ukrainian Carpathians has been carried out. It is found that the proportion of forest throughout the region is higher than the average forest cover of Lviv region and more than doubled the average forest cover of Ukraine. Even though the forest cover of Drohobych district is more than optimal indicators for this natural area, forest land is extremely unevenly distributed. A created schematic map of forest resources has shown that the most forested is the mountainous part of the region with the absolute height between 500-1000 m, which decreases in the direction from southwest to northeast. Forest area significantly decreases at the changeover to Drohobych Upland, because of the extension of the boundaries and areas of influence of the Drogobych agglomeration increasing densities of human settlements. In the northeast section of the region, the forest is almost missing due to the significant agricultural development in the plains with a superior absolute height between 250–300 m. For the better analysis of the forest cover of the territory, the geoinformation model of the forest cover of Drohobych district from the perspective of administrative units is created and analyzed. This model allows to classify administrative units according to the proportion of forest land in 6 categories because a considerable variation of indicators is seen in the region. From completely deforested administrative units to rural councils in mountainous areas, where the proportion of forest areas is more than 70%. Administrative units with an insufficient level of reforestation, which are half of all in Drohobych district and with the reforestation level lower than average in Ukraine, are featured. Features of the geospatial distribution of such indicators are noted. It is analyzed that forest cover in urban and rural councils changes from significant in the town council of Boryslav to almost missing forest areas in the rural council of Medenychi. The reasons for such differences between the indicators are identified and the peculiarities of household land development of the territories that belong to urban and rural councils are stated. Key words: forest cover; decryption of ERSD; geoinformation modeling; optimization of natural resources.

Cadastral valuation of forest lands, taking into account the degree of development of their infrastructure

The article substantiates the need to improve methodology for cadastral valuation of forest lands and change the principles for calculating the rental rate of forest lands, on the basis of which the rent for the use of these lands will be determined in future. The methodology for determining the cadastral value of forest lands, taking into account the degree of development of their infrastructure, is presented. The infrastructure of lands of the forest fund is considered and an algorithm for assessing such infrastructure by means of geoinformation modeling is shown. A method for calculating a complex integral indicator (coefficient of infrastructure development) is presented, which is applicable to differentiate lands covered and not covered with tree vegetation, for their effective and rational management. The complex integral indicator determines the availability of forest plots, as it takes into account location of the forest fund infrastructure in relation to assessment plots, which makes it possible to obtain information about the time spent on covering the required distance. This methodology can be applied to assess the quality and condition of the existing infrastructure of the forestry sector in implementation of measures within the framework of the Strategy for the development of the forestry complex, providing for support and construction of infrastructure facilities on the forest fund lands. The method was tested in the Baltiysky district forestry of the Baltiysko-Belozersky taiga region. The results were as follows: the map of the forest fund infrastructure development within the boundaries of differentiation assessment according to the calculated integral indicator of infrastructure development was obtained; the regression model for calculating the rent rate taking into account the taxation value and integral indicator infrastructure development was received: the cadastral value of forest lands taking into account the developed model was calculated.

Information and technical features of the process of managing a natural emergency caused by hydrological and meteorological phenomena in a separate region of mountainous area

Emergency situations are objective (regardless of the attitude towards them) spatio-temporal processes, each of which is conventionally divided into five stages, namely: everyday accumulation of negative factors; extreme development of a negative factor; catastrophic event; elimination of the consequences of this event and their remote consequences. They occur on vehicles, man-made and natural objects, areas of the territory, water basins and in mountains, cities and administrative regions. The type of each emergency is tied to a specific catastrophic event that may occur, is happening or has already happened. The main goal of emergency management is to prevent a catastrophic event, and if it occurs, to minimize its consequences. The task of the management process is formulated by stages of the emergency.The main feature of the soils of the Carpathian Mountains is their relative looseness and water saturation. When additional volumes of the aquatic environment appear, which are set in motion by the forces of gravity, significant hydraulic gradients are created, which lead to landslides, mudflows, collapse of mountain slopes and banks of rivers and streams. Natural emergencies caused by hydrological and meteorological events in mountainous areas have five characteristics. This is the inevitability and suddenness of the onset of a catastrophic event, which can cover an extended territory, be accompanied by great destruction and changes in the terrain. Information and technical features of emergency management in a separate mountainous region include a detailed study of the area and monitoring with the local population, geoinformation modeling of disasters and early preparation of action plans, constant training of rescuers and preparation for the use of new rescue equipment – helicopters.

Geoinformation modeling of dust emissions in the area of phosphate fertilizer production factory

<p>Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of phosphoric acid production, a valuable raw material for reclamation of acidic soils, for remediation of soils contaminated with oil products, a source of rare-earth elements (REE). The use of PG has a positive effect on the development of plants, on the value and quality of yield. Most of the PG produced at the present time is stored in phosphogypsum dumps (PGD), which are a source of pollution of the environment, since the dust particles from dumps can be transported over significant distances. To assess the impact of PGD on the environment and agricultural production it is necessary to identify zones of priority distribution of dust particles and their accumulation in the soils of the surrounding areas. In recent years, geoinformation modeling (GM) have been used to analyze dusting of different types of dumps. There are very few studies on the possibility of using such technologies for modeling the dusting of PGD.</p><p>We carried out GM of dust emissions in the impact area of phosphate fertilizer production factory in Balakovo (Russian Federation).</p><p>The chemical composition of PG samples was determined for whole samples and fractions most susceptible to dusting – <100 µm. The determination of the total REE composition was carried out by ICP-OES method. REEs content in samples of PG is 30-60 times higher than the Clark values for soils. The predominant indicator elements are La, Ce and Nd, the content of which reaches 500-3000 µg/g. The distribution of microparticles in the fine fractions was analyzed using a laser particle size analyzer from ultrasound-stabilized suspensions. In the aqueous suspension PG aggregates disperse to particles <1 µm, forming in turn several size groups. Local maximum contents form particles with sizes 0.03, 0.14 and 0.67 µm.</p><p>The data allowed using the GM to allocate zones of priority distribution of dust particles and their accumulation in the soils surrounding the PGD area. Dusting simulations were performed for particle sizes 8-1, 1-0.1, 0.1-0.05, 0.05-0.03, 0.03-0.01 and <0.01 mm. The results of spatial modeling of the weighted sum of the relative concentration of dust particles indicate that particles up to 0.1 mm predominantly move in northeast, north and southwest directions, particles 0.1-1 mm predominantly fall in northeast direction, particles 1-8 mm - in north direction.</p><p>Correlation analysis showed that the results of dusting modeling are in good agreement with the spatial distribution of REE. The greatest correlation between the weighted sum of the relative concentration of particles of the analyzed size is noted for the content of La and Ce (correlation coefficients 0.74 and 0.68 respectively). Validation of the model was carried out in a field. Joint analysis of the constructed maps and field data showed that the map of the weighted sum of the relative concentrations of analyzed particles well reflects the spatial variability in the soil content of La and Ce.</p><p>The results of modeling can be used to assess the impact of PGD on the surrounding area and its soil cover.</p><p>The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-05-50016.</p>