scholarly journals Detection of Cutaneouse Leishmaniasis species via PCR in Salah Adeen and Baghdad provences

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Maysaa Ibrahim Al-Jubori1 ◽  
Abd Alrahman A. Al-Tae2 ◽  
, Mohammad A. Al-Faham3
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Leishmania Parasites ◽  
Group 1

Background: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic diseases that are spread worldwide due to various species of Leishmania, which are infect mammales diversity as well as human. L. tropica,    L. major, and L. aethiopica which is common causes of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Salah Adeen and Baghdad provences. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of cutaneous Leishmaniasis and to identify Leishmania parasites by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in some endemic areas of Iraq. A total of 117 samples of patients with suspected cutaneous Leishmaniasis were collected in different age groups. And both sexes 73 male and 44 female patients. Results: PCR results showed the percentage of infections 62.39% of males while 37.60% of females. The average age was 23.35 years (the range, from 1- 60 years), with the highest percentage of cases in the age group 1-4 years and the lowest rate in the age group (40-60 years). The highest infection was by L.tropica of L.major and lowest infection caused by L.aethiopica, where is considered first revealed in Iraq. Conclusion: The study found that males were more likely to be infected than females. The study revealed that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most effective and sensitive method for detecting types of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.    http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.009

Leishmaniasis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1467-1475
Author(s):  
Antony D.M. Bryceson ◽  
Diana N.J. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

Leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted to humans from human or animal reservoirs by the bites of phlebotomine sandflies. In places the disease is common and important, with perhaps 500,000 cases of visceral leishmaniasis and 1.5–2 million cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis worldwide each year. Diagnosis is by demonstration of leishmania organisms in tissue smears or biopsy material by microscopy, culture, or detecting leishmaniai DNA by polymerase chain reaction. As an imported disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis is common in travellers, military personnel, and immigrants coming from endemic areas, while the diagnosis of the less common visceral leishmaniasis is frequently overlooked. Prevention is by controlling reservoir hosts and sandfly vectors, or by avoiding bites by vectors. There is no vaccine.

scholarly journals Etiology of Diarrhea Requiring Hospitalization in Bangladesh by Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, 2014–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mami Taniuchi ◽  
Kamrul Islam ◽  
Md Abu Sayeed ◽  
James A Platts-Mills ◽  
Md Taufiqul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Diarrhea remains a major public health problem and characterization of its etiology is needed to prioritize interventions. However, most data are from single-site studies of children. We tested samples from participants of any age from 11 geographically diverse hospitals in Bangladesh to describe pathogen-specific burdens of diarrhea. Methods We utilized 2 existing diarrhea surveillance systems: a Nationwide network at 10 sentinel hospitals and at the icddr,b hospital. We tested stools from enrolled participants and nondiarrheal controls for enteropathogens using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and calculated pathogen-specific attributable fractions (AFs) of diarrhea. Results We analyzed 5516 patients with diarrhea and 735 controls. Overall, rotavirus had the highest attributable burden of diarrhea (Nationwide AF, 17.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.3–20.9%; icddr,b AF, 39.9%; 38.0–41.8%), followed by adenovirus 40/41 (Nationwide AF, 17.9%; 95% CI: 13.9–21.9%; icddr,b AF, 16.6%; 95% CI, 14.4–19.4%) and Vibrio cholerae (Nationwide AF, 10.2%; 95% CI, 9.1–11.3%; icddr,b AF, 13.3%; 95% CI: 11.9–15.1%). Rotavirus was the leading pathogen in children <5 years and was consistent across the sites (coefficient of variation = 56.3%). Adenovirus 40/41 was the second leading pathogen in both children and adults. Vibrio cholerae was the leading pathogen in individuals >5 years old, but was more geographically variable (coefficient of variation = 71.5%). Other attributable pathogens included astrovirus, norovirus, Shigella, Salmonella, ETEC, sapovirus, and typical EPEC. Conclusions Rotavirus, adenovirus 40/41, and V. cholerae were the leading etiologies of infectious diarrhea requiring hospitalization in Bangladesh. Other pathogens were important in certain age groups or sites.

A Preliminary Study Aimed at the Detection ofLeishmaniaParasites in Subjects with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Using Polymerase Chain Reaction

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Uezato ◽  
Keisuke Hagiwara ◽  
Atsushi Hosokawa ◽  
Motoyoshi Maruno ◽  
Shigeo Nonaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Development of a Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction (ddPCR) assay to detect Leishmania DNA in samples from Cutaneous Leishmaniasis patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan David Ramírez ◽  
Giovanny Herrera ◽  
Carlos Muskus ◽  
Claudia Mendez ◽  
María Clara Duque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction on paraffin-embedded material improve the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon region

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1091-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdir Sabbaga Amato ◽  
Felipe Francisco Tuon ◽  
Heitor Franco de Andrade, Jr ◽  
Helio Bacha ◽  
Carla Pagliari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Comparison of polymerase chain reaction with other laboratory methods for the diagnosis of American cutaneous leishmaniasis

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos J. Marques ◽  
Ângela C. Volpini ◽  
George L.L. Machado-Coelho ◽  
Jackson Machado-Pinto ◽  
Carlos A. da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Assessing Sex Differential in COVID-19 Mortality Rate by Age and Polymerase Chain Reaction Test Results; An Iranian Multi-Center Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha ◽  
Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani ◽  
Mohammad Rostami-Nejad ◽  
Shahriar Janbazi ◽  
Elaheh Zarean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Negative Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract Background: Males are more likely to die from COVID-19 than females. In addition, the mortality rate among positive and suspected COVID-19 patients were reported in many literatures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the sex differential effect in the COVID-19 mortality by different age groups and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results. Methods: in a multicenter cross-sectional study from 55 hospitals in Tehran, Iran, patients were categorized as the positive, negative and suspected cases. Age group, sex and hospital wards were also assessed in analysis. Results: A total of 25481 cases (14791 males) were included in the study with the mortality rate of 12.0%. The mortality rate in positive, negative and suspected cases were 20.55%, 9.97% and 7.31%, respectively. Although the mortality in negative test group was considerable, sex was not associated with the death rate in this group. Using Cox regression model, sex had a significant effect on the hazard of death due to COVID-19 in adults and senior patients having positive and suspected PCR test results. However, sex was not found as significant factor for mortality in patients with negative PCR test occurring to different age groups. Conclusion: Regardless of other risk factors, we found that sex differential effect in COVID-19 mortality varies significantly in different age groups; therefore, appropriate strategies should be designed to protect adult and senior men from this deadly infectious disease. Furthermore, owing to the considerable death rate of COVID-19 patients with negative test results, new policies should be launched increase the accuracy of diagnosis tests.

scholarly journals Pertussis and pertussis prophylaxis in Denmark

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Andersen ◽  
A H Christiansen ◽  
D Dragsted
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In Denmark, pertussis is notifiable in children aged <2 years (the age group at which pertussis is considered potentially dangerous), when the child has clinical whooping cough which is laboratory confirmed. In 2001, there were 196 notifications in children: 95 boys and 101 girls (1). This is marginally higher than in 1999 and 2000, when there were 166 and 178 cases respectively (2, 3). In 66% of cases, the Statens Serum Institut’s department of epidemiology had to remind the clinician to submit a notification form. A total of 80 children (41%) were aged <3 months, 119 children (61%) were <5 months and 161 children (82%) were <1 year. Between three and 38 cases per month were notified, most of them in the second half of the year. The total annual incidence for children <2 years was 146 per 100 000. Most of the notified cases (72%) were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) alone, while 28% were confirmed by culture with or without positive PCR.

scholarly journals Cutaneous Leishmaniasis of Lip and Role of Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (227) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj Parajuli ◽  
Srijan Shrestha ◽  
Krishna Das Manandhar ◽  
Anup Bastola
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Reaction Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chain Reaction Test

The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis is mostly confirmed by the identification of parasitein a skin smear or biopsy. However, this method may not always be sensitive enough to detectthe disease when parasitic load is low. Molecular test such as polymerase chain reactions canbe useful in such circumstances. Here, we report a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosedby a polymerase chain reaction test when both smear and biopsy failed to confirm the diagnosis.A 17-years-old female from mountainous district of Nepal, presented with a crusted plaqueover the upper lip for a duration of 6 months. Both skin smear and biopsy from the lesionfailed to demonstrate Leishmania parasite but a polymerase chain reaction test was positivefor Leishmania donovani. This case emphasizes on the importance of molecular testing suchas polymerase chain reaction when commonly performed diagnostics test fails to supportconfirmation of clinical diagnosis.

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