Guidance and Control Techniques for Automated Air Traffic Control

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOMER Q. LEE ◽  
JOHN D. McLEAN ◽  
HEINZ ERZBERGER
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Guidance And Control ◽  
And Control

ATC-labAdvanced: An air traffic control simulator with realism and control

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Fothergill ◽  
Shayne Loft ◽  
Andrew Neal
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
And Control

UK Airspace Planning – The New ICAO Airspace Classification System

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-342
Author(s):  
W. J. V. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Since the advent of large-scale commercial aviation in the mid 1940s, a system of routes has been developed between airports serving the major conurbations of the world. To prevent collision between aircraft using these routes and off-route traffic, protection is provided to the routes and to the vicinity of airports by means of controlled airspace, airways (AWYS), control areas (CTAS) and control zones (CTRS). Zones commence at ground level and the base an area is at a defined altitude. Inside this controlled airspace certain rules apply which are more stringent than those applied outside, and all movements are subject to Air Traffic Control (ATC).

Automated Radar Video Map Production at NOS

1989 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Ronald Bolton ◽  
Russell Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Automated Production ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Manual Methods ◽  
Traffic Control System ◽  
And Control

The Aeronautical Charting Division (ACD), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) produces the Radar Video Maps (RVM's) used by air traffic controllers to monitor and control the Nation's airspace. These complex maps depict the local Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airspace definition and show airways, intersections, holding patterns, selected navigational aids, special-use airspace boundaries, and other radar display elements critical to the traffic controller's radar scope displays. Previously produced by tedious manual methods, the ACD's Aeronautical Chart Automated Production (ACAP) system now provides the tools for automated production of this integral part of the FAA air traffic control system.

scholarly journals Marine and Air Traffic Control

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Inertial Navigation System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Airline Pilots ◽  
Forced Landing ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Marine and air navigation can still learn from each other. Mariners are following aviation in adopting some routing and control but aviation could follow mariners in their refusal to accept routing and control unless it is cost effective. However it may be easier in the marine case to measure the cost and probability of a collision than it is in the aerial case. But many states have established mandatory airways and routes; originally their navigational aids were very useful and in the event of forced landing the search and rescue people knew where to look. But many airliners now have self-contained navaids like the inertial navigation system (INS) or doppler so that they can navigate off airways, and also forced landings are rare. In the history of air traffic control at first it applied only around airports; when it spread to routes many aircraft were quite happy to fly off airways. But now airways have proliferated and have become customary and respectable to airline pilots so that few complain when some states force aircraft to follow lengthy and costly routes. The only virtue of airways is their freedom, theoretically, from uncontrolled traffic and from military dangers. If A.T.C. were confined to those situations where the risk of collision without A.T.C. would be worse than, say 1 in 10,000,000, flying would be a little more expeditious, but everyone feels secure within the system and insecure, guilty and uncomfortable outside it, so A.T.C. is used universally by airliners.

Air Traffic Control by Programmed Navigation

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
K. Ramsayer
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Technical Conference ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Data Link ◽  
Flight Plan ◽  
And Control

This paper proposes that the navigation and control of all airliners should be automated from take-off to landing. Each aircraft will fly according to a prescribed flight plan, to be fulfilled in position, altitude and time within prescribed tolerances. The optimal flight plan is elaborated by a central air traffic control station and transmitted by data link to an airborne computer which monitors the navigation of the aircraft. The navigation itself is based on an integrated Inertial/DME/DME system. Separate airways are proposed for the general aviation. The paper was presented at the 19th Technical Conference of I.A.T.A., Dublin, October 1972.The permanent growth of air traffic demands rigorous regulation. The most efficient form of regulation is the careful elaboration of a flight plan, taking into account the total air traffic in the area and the rigorous fulfilment of this flight plan. The flight plan will be elaborated at a central air traffic control station by computer, taking into account both air traffic and the meteorological conditions, especially wind. This flight plan is transferred by radio to the computer in the aircraft and comprises essentially the three-dimensional coordinates of take-off point, destination and way points as well as the corresponding times; also the precomputed values of ground speed, rate of climb and rate of descent.

The Organisation and Control of Air Traffic in a Terminal Area

1965 ◽  
Vol 69 (652) ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
A. H. Jessell ◽  
D. A. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Space ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Terminal Area

There are several ways of judging the efficiency with which a terminal area is organised. Commercial operators are interested in the cost of the deviations or delays which they are subject to when using the principal terminal airports. Other users of the air space are concerned with the restrictions which terminal area procedures impose on their movements; while ATC (Air Traffic Control) authorities are interested in the cost of the ground facilities necessary to move the traffic with safety and expedition. In this paper we shall discuss mainly how delays and deviations may be minimised. Nevertheless, the procedures which result from this survey will lead to benefits for all and to a freer use of the terminal air space by other traffic.

Air Traffic Control Separation Minima and Navigational Capability

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-456
Author(s):  
A. White
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Navigational Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Consequent Improvement ◽  
Control Service

During the past twenty-five years the aviation scene has progressed from one in which relatively small numbers of aircraft flew from point of origin to destination with the guidance afforded by very limited M/F range facilities and a great deal of individual navigational skill on the part of the operating crews. Air traffic control functioned only as a means of sorting out the order of take-off and landing. Moving forward to the present we see the already high density traffic serving the population centres of the world continuing to increase at a rate of around 10 per cent per annum. Both station referenced and self-contained navigational systems proliferate and control of traffic must be almost total if collision accidents are to be avoided. During the same time period aircraft speeds have increased threefold and necessitated a consequent improvement in the ability of the air traffic control service to react quickly and precisely to any conflict situations, either by detection in the strategic/planning case or resolution in the tactical frame by direct intervention before critical situations can develop.

Artificial Intelligence for Evaluating the Mental Workload of Air Traffic Controllers

2020 ◽  
pp. 184-212
Author(s):  
Tetiana Shmelova ◽  
Yuliya Sikirda
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
And Control

In this chapter, the authors propose the application of artificial intelligence (namely expert system and neural network) for estimating the mental workload of air traffic controllers while working at different control centers (sectors): terminal control center, approach control center, area control center. At each air traffic control center, air traffic controllers will perform the following procedures: coordination between units, aircraft transit, climbing, and descending. So with the help of the artificial intelligence (AI) and its branches expert system and neural network, it is possible to estimate the mental workload of dispatchers for a different number of aircraft, compare the workload intensity of the air traffic control sectors, and optimize the workload between sectors and control centers. The differentiating factor of an AI system from a standard software system is the characteristic ability to learn, improve, and predict. Real dispatchers, students, graduate students, and teachers of the National Aviation University took part in these researches.

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