scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS WITH THE AVAILABILITY OF TREATMENT SUPPORTER IN ATMA JAYA HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Fariz Abdul Mujib Dailami ◽  
Regina Satya Wiraharja ◽  
Febie Chriestya
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Sputum Smear Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Tb Treatment

Introduction: One of the biggest health problems faced by community is pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).TB is an respiratory tract infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends TB treatment with Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategy, one of which is through the help of treatment supporter (PMO or Pengawas Minum Obat) who supervises the patient during the treatment period. Methods: This was an analytic descriptive study with cross sectional approach.. Respondents were taken by consecutive sampling, based on medical records at Atma Jaya Hospital. We applied inclusion criteria such as newly diagnosed TB patient with positive sputum smear microscopy results, adult TB patient who has finished 6 month of treatment and patients who have done sputum smear microscopy test after finishing their TB treatment. The exclusion criteria were TB-HIV patients and Milliary TB patients. After fulfilment of those criteria, a total of 81 respondents were selected. Data was analysed by Chi Square test (Fisher Exact test). Results: Most of patients were 15-50 years old (70,4%) with mean age at 38.49±17.83 years old),male (53.1%), had family as treatment supporter (91.4%) and had successful TB treatment (74.1%). TB patients with treatment supporter had more successful treatment (66.7%) than TB patients with no treatment supporter (7.4%), however there was no significant among the avalibility of treatment supporter and the success of TB treatment (p=0.670). Conclusion: Despite the insignificant result, this study gives good insight to implementation of TB DOTS strategy in Atma Jaya Hospital. The implementation of this strategy contributes to imbalance number of samples between patient with and without treatment supporter, leading to overestimate results on with TB treatment supporter group.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Xpert MTB/RIF Assay Versus Ziehl-Neelsen Method for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-396
Author(s):  
Boja D. Taddese ◽  
Daniel M. Desalegn ◽  
Abay S. Misganaw ◽  
Kumera T. Kitila ◽  
Tinsae Kidanemariam Hailu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Sputum Smear Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Worldwide Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, positioning on top of Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV) and it is still an eminently serious public health problem. In developing countries, Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN)-stained sputum smear microscopy is the most widely used diagnostic method in diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB). This study was aimed to compare the diagnostic performances of ZN-method with Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of PTB in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from September 2016 to June 2017 on a total of 244 sputum samples collected from presumptive TB patients. The L-J sputum culture was used as a gold standard to compare the diagnostic performances of Xpert MTB/RIF assay and ZN-methods. Kappa values were analyzed by using statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 software at 95% Confidence Interval (CI). The Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of ZN-stained sputum smear microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF assay were calculated against the gold standard. Results: The Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV of ZN-stained sputum smear microscopy were 68.38%, 95.28%, 93.02% and 76.58% respectively, while for Xpert MTB/ RIF assay were 88.89%, 81.89%, 81.89% and 88.89% respectively. The results of the two diagnostic approaches were concordant with the gold standard with a kappa value of ZN 0.650 and 0.743 for Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Conclusion: This study concludes that the sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay was better than ZN-stained direct sputum smear microscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Clinical impact and cost analysis of the use of either the Xpert MTB Rif test or sputum smear microscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Anália Zuleika de Castro ◽  
Adriana Rezende Moreira ◽  
Jaqueline Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Albuquerque Costa ◽  
Carolyne Lalucha Alves Lima Da Graça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Sputum Smear Microscopy

scholarly journals Association between Xpert MTB/RIF cycle threshold values and sputum smear microscopy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
pp. e20200549
Author(s):  
Gabriela Carpin Pagano1 ◽  
Giovana Rodrigues Pereira1,2 ◽  
Karen Gomes D'Ávila3 ◽  
Luciana Rott Monaiar3 ◽  
Denise Rossato Silva1,3,4
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Sputum Smear Microscopy ◽  
Cycle Threshold

scholarly journals Guidance for Studies Evaluating the Accuracy of Sputum-Based Tests to Diagnose Tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. S99-S107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel G Schumacher ◽  
William A Wells ◽  
Mark P Nicol ◽  
Karen R Steingart ◽  
Grant Theron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Tests that can replace sputum smear microscopy have been identified as a top priority diagnostic need for tuberculosis by the World Health Organization. High-quality evidence on diagnostic accuracy for tests that may meet this need is an essential requirement to inform decisions about policy and scale-up. However, test accuracy studies are often of low and inconsistent quality and poorly reported, leading to uncertainty about true test performance. Here we provide guidance for the design of diagnostic test accuracy studies of sputum smear-replacement tests. Such studies should have a cross-sectional or cohort design, enrolling either a consecutive series or a random sample of patients who require evaluation for tuberculosis. Adults with respiratory symptoms are the target population. The reference standard should at a minimum be a single, automated, liquid culture, but additional cultures, follow-up, clinical case definition, and specific measures to understand discordant results should also be included. Inclusion of smear microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF (or MTB/RIF Ultra) as comparators is critical to allow broader comparability and generalizability of results, because disease spectrum can vary between studies and affects relative test performance. Given the complex nature of sputum (the primary specimen type used for pulmonary TB), careful design and reporting of the specimen flow is essential. Test characteristics other than accuracy (such as feasibility, implementation considerations, and data on impact on patient, population and health systems outcomes) are also important aspects.

scholarly journals Optimising fluorescein diacetate sputum smear microscopy for assessing patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0214131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumona Datta ◽  
Keren Alvarado ◽  
Robert H. Gilman ◽  
Teresa Valencia ◽  
Christian Aparicio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Sputum Smear Microscopy

scholarly journals Sputum Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Diagnostic Dropout Rate in Public Health Facilities, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Daniel Melese Desalegn ◽  
Kumera Terfa Kitila ◽  
Boja Dufera Taddese ◽  
Tinsae Kidanemariam Hailu ◽  
Tariku Takle Dinku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Sputum Smear Microscopy ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Background. Prolonged laboratory diagnostic process of tuberculosis can lead to failure to complete the diagnosis and increase dropout rate of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases. This implies such dropout patients without completing diagnosis are critical as infected individuals remain untreated in the community, providing more opportunities for transmission of the disease and adversely affecting the epidemic. The aim of this research is to determine the level of smear positive PTB diagnosis dropout rate of spot-morning-spot sputum microscopy diagnosis method in public health facilities, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. Retrospective review of patient documents in 13 public health facilities’ TB laboratory in Addis Ababa was conducted from October 2011 to March 2016. Data was computerized using Epi-info software and analysed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Descriptive numerical summaries were used to present the findings. Association between the dropout rate and demographic variables was assessed by Chi-square (X2). Bivariate model using Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was calculated. P-Value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results. Of 41,884 presumptive TB patients registered during the 53 months for laboratory investigation, 5.9% were positive for the first spot sputum smear microscopy. Among these positive cases, 142 (5.8%) and 298 (12.1%) did not come back to the laboratory to submitted early morning and second spot sputum specimens, respectively. The diagnostic dropout for morning sputum specimen in hospitals was 5.6% (58/1039) and in health centres was 5.9% (84/1424). However, higher proportion of dropout for second spot sputum specimen in hospitals was 16.4% (170/1039), compared to the health centres, 8.9% (128/1424). Diagnostic dropout of sputum smear microscopy had no significant association with sociodemographic variable (P value >0.05), while it had significant association with facility type (P value <0.05). Conclusion. In this study smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis diagnostic dropout rate was high compared to WHO reported for the new strategy shift implying the importance of shifting to same-day approach. Hence, shifting from conventional to same day is crucial to minimize the TB diagnostic dropout rate in the study area and other similar settings. Further research is needed/recommended in the local setting to compare the yield and dropout rates between same-day and conventional sputum smear microscopy approach.

scholarly journals Does Bleach Processing Increase the Accuracy of Sputum Smear Microscopy for Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis?

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 2433-2439 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cattamanchi ◽  
J. L. Davis ◽  
M. Pai ◽  
L. Huang ◽  
P. C. Hopewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Sputum Smear Microscopy

scholarly journals Efficacy of gene xpert over other diagnostic modalities of tuberculosis among children

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1545
Author(s):  
Deepmala Pandey ◽  
Ankur Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities

Background: Diagnosis of tuberculosis is a challenge especially among children. GeneXpert has been recommended as a diagnostic test in children. Objectives of this study was to efficacy of GeneXpert over other diagnostic modalities of Tuberculosis like Sputum smear microscopy, Mantoux testing, X-ray chest among children.Methods: A cross sectional hospital-based study was conducted over a period of 24 months among 150 children. All the patients who were having suspicion of Tuberculosis on the basis of History & Examination (fulfilling inclusion criteria) had been enrolled in the study. After doing all preliminary investigations clinical diagnosis has been made and Gene X’pert was carried out for all the samples collected. Pearson chi square test and Fishers exact test was applied wherever appropriate.Results: There was statistically no significant (p >0.05) difference of GeneXpert positivity within different age groups of Suspected TB patients. GeneXpert was positive in 80% with symptom of Cough lasting more than 2 weeks, in 78.8% with fever more than 2 weeks, in 88.9% with FTT, in 76.5% with H/O Koch’s contact, in 77.8% with H/O convulsion, in 69% with significant lymphadenopathy. GeneXpert was positive in all suspected TB patients having ZN staining positive for AFB. In clinically TB diagnosed patients, 86.5% were positive for GeneXpert.Conclusions: GeneXpert is a novel diagnostic modality of choice in all suspected Pulmonary & Extra-pulmonary TB cases among children. It can be used as a primary tool in Pulmonary TB with smear negative samples in pediatric age group.

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