scholarly journals FEATURES OF USING NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN DENTAL PRACTICE

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
A. K. Iordanishvili ◽  
A. I. Dyagilev ◽  
O. N. Risovannaya ◽  
V. Yu. Skorikov ◽  
V. L. Popkov
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Aim. This study was conducted to assess the awareness of dentists about the questions of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as well as to study the features of their use for the relief of pain syndrome in dental practice.Materials and methods. By means of the questionnaires were studied 107 dentists working in dental clinics and dental departments of General hospitals, especially their use of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief.Results. It was determined that 85% of doctors use non-selective and moderately selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX), 15%-prefer Cox-2 inhibitor with the pronounced selectivity for pain relief. The highest number of correct answers was given by a group of doctors with work experience from 5 to 10 years (40.3%), the lowest – by doctors with work experience more than 20 years, respectively 40.3% and 36.1% of the total number of doctors from the studied groups.Conclusion. There was noted that it is necessary to pay attention to the peculiarities of pain relief for the improvement of dentists’ work as well as to involve clinical pharmacologists for these purposes. 

scholarly journals Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: an overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasturi Jahnavi ◽  
Palla Pavani Reddy ◽  
Bakshi Vasudha ◽  
Boggula Narender
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Musculoskeletal Trauma ◽  
Cox 2 Inhibitors

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including both traditional non-selective NSAIDs and the selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors, are widely used for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. NSAIDs are a necessary choice in pain management because of the integrated role of the COX path way in the generation of inflammation and in the biochemical recognition of pain. NSAIDs are the competitive inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX), the enzyme which mediates the bioconversion of arachidonic acid to inflammatory prostaglandins (PGs). Their use is associated with the side effects such as gastrointestinal and renal toxicity. They are the most commonly employed first line drugs for all these conditions and many others-like musculoskeletal trauma, minor aches and pains, and dysmenorrhoea. The therapeutic anti-inflammatory action of NSAIDs is produced by the inhibition of COX-2, while the undesired side effects arise from inhibition of COX-1 activity. Thus, it was though those more selective COX-2 inhibitors would have reduced side effects. Based upon a number of selective COX-2 inhibitors (Rofecoxib, Celecoxib etc.) were developed as safer NSAIDs with improved gastric safety profile. Several newer applications like prophylaxis of stroke with aspirin are now common place. Use of these drugs for the prophylaxis of conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and colorectal cancer is being evaluated. Unfortunately, they have several toxicities ranging from minor heartburn to severe gastrointestinal haemorrhage and perforation. Therefore, newer NSAIDs have been introduced in recent years to circumvent this problem. In preliminary studies, these have shown better safety, efficacy, and tolerability but the full spectrum of adverse reactions of these drugs is yet to be fully known. This review can be used for further research as well as clinical purpose. Keywords: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cyclooxygenase inhibitors, prostaglandins, aspirin.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activity of Dual COX-2/5-LOX Inhibitor Darbufelon and Its Novel Analogues

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Mariia Mishchenko ◽  
Sergiy Shtrygol’ ◽  
Andrii Lozynskyi ◽  
Semen Khomyak ◽  
Volodymyr Novikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Design ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Protection Level ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Target Agent

Neuroinflammation is an integral part of epilepsy pathogenesis and other convulsive conditions, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) present a potent tool for the contemporary search and design of novel anticonvulsants. In the present paper, evaluation of the anticonvulsant activity of the potential NSAID dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitor darbufelone methanesulfonate using an scPTZ model in mice in dose 100 mg/kg is reported. Darbufelone possesses anticonvulsant properties in the scPTZ model and presents interest for in-depth studies as a possible anticonvulsant multi-target agent with anti-inflammatory activity. The series of 4-thiazolidinone derivatives have been synthesized following the analogue-based drug design and hybrid-pharmacophore approach using a darbufelone matrix. The synthesized derivatives showed a significant protection level for animals in the scPTZ model and are promising compounds for the design of potential anticonvulsants with satisfactory drug-like parameters.

scholarly journals Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and risk of cardiovascular events. Literature review and clinical implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Luigi Temporelli ◽  
Giovanni Battista Zito ◽  
Roberto Franco Pedretti ◽  
Francesco Iachini Belisarii ◽  
Giuseppe Putortì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Analgesic Drugs ◽  
Drug Agency ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Artery Disease

Non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are largely used for treatment of acute and chronic pain, even for long periods of time (months or years). While it is known that their use is frequently associated with gastrointestinal damage, including major bleedings from peptic ulcer, the risk of cardiovascular events related to NSAID has received much less attention. However, there is a large body of evidence showing that NSAIDs (both “traditional”, such as diclofenac or indobufen, and selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors, COX-2) are associated with a significant increase of risk of cardiovascular events, both fatal and nonfatal. Consequently, several options have been proposed for the treatment of pain, including the use of analgesic drugs with different mechanisms of action, such as the opiates. Of interest, the Italian Drug Agency (AIFA) published a few years ago a warning (Nota 66) on the careful prescription of NSAIDs in patients with overt heart disease, such as coronary artery disease and heart failure. Aim of this paper is to present the current status of knowledge on the proper use of NSAIDs and other analgesic drugs in the management of acute and chronic pain.

The role of celecoxib as a potential inhibitor in the treatment of inflammatory diseases - a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane Viana Cruz ◽  
Joaquín María Campos Rosa ◽  
Njogu Mark Kimani ◽  
Silvana Giuliatti ◽  
Cleydson Breno Rodrigues dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Potential Inhibitor ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 1 ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Cox 2 Inhibitors

: This article presents a simplified view of celecoxib as a potential inhibitor in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) has, predominantly, two isoforms called cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). The former plays a constitutive role that is related to homeostatic effects in renal and platelets, while the latter is mainly responsible for induction of inflammatory effects. Since COX-2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, it has been signaled as a target for the planning of anti-inflammatory intermediates. Many inhibitors developed and planned for COX-2 inhibition have presented side effects to humans, mainly in the gastrointestinal and/or cardiovascular tract. Therefore, it is necessary to design new potential COX-2 inhibitors, which are relatively safe and without side effects. To this end, of the generation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from “coxibs”, celecoxib is the only potent selective COX-2 inhibitor that is still commercially available. Thus, the compound celecoxib became a commercial prototype inhibitor for the development of anti-inflammatory agents for COX-2 enzyme. In this review, we provide highlights where such inhibition should provide a structural basis for the design of promising new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which act as COX-2 inhibitors with lesser side effects on the human body.

Reducing pain in certain forms of obstetric pathology: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Сlinical lecture)

2017 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
L. Nazarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Threatened Abortion ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The article discusses the pathogenetic basis for the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSPVP) in obstetric practice for the treatment of pain syndrome in women with threatened abortion and pathological preliminary period. Provided with modern views on the mechanisms of analgesic clinical efficacy, side effects NSPVP. Provides information about the place of NSPVP during pregnancy, the risks to the fetus, the positive aspects in the conduct of women at risk of preterm birth, the pathological preliminary period. Key words: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, pain, premature birth, preliminary period.

scholarly journals COX-2 Is Downregulated in Human Stenotic Aortic Valves and Its Inhibition Promotes Dystrophic Calcification

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8917
Author(s):  
Francesco Vieceli Dalla Sega ◽  
Francesca Fortini ◽  
Paolo Cimaglia ◽  
Luisa Marracino ◽  
Elisabetta Tonet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Dystrophic Calcification ◽  
Calcific Aortic Valve Disease ◽  
Aortic Valves ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Human Aortic Valve

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the result of maladaptive fibrocalcific processes leading to a progressive thickening and stiffening of aortic valve (AV) leaflets. CAVD is the most common cause of aortic stenosis (AS). At present, there is no effective pharmacotherapy in reducing CAVD progression; when CAVD becomes symptomatic it can only be treated with valve replacement. Inflammation has a key role in AV pathological remodeling; hence, anti-inflammatory therapy has been proposed as a strategy to prevent CAVD. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is a key mediator of the inflammation and it is the target of widely used anti-inflammatory drugs. COX-2-inhibitor celecoxib was initially shown to reduce AV calcification in a murine model. However, in contrast to these findings, a recent retrospective clinical analysis found an association between AS and celecoxib use. In the present study, we investigated whether variations in COX-2 expression levels in human AVs may be linked to CAVD. We extracted total RNA from surgically explanted AVs from patients without CAVD or with CAVD. We found that COX-2 mRNA was higher in non-calcific AVs compared to calcific AVs (0.013 ± 0.002 vs. 0.006 ± 0.0004; p < 0.0001). Moreover, we isolated human aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) from AVs and found that COX-2 expression is decreased in AVICs from calcific valves compared to AVICs from non-calcific AVs. Furthermore, we observed that COX-2 inhibition with celecoxib induces AVICs trans-differentiation towards a myofibroblast phenotype, and increases the levels of TGF-β-induced apoptosis, both processes able to promote the formation of calcific nodules. We conclude that reduced COX-2 expression is a characteristic of human AVICs prone to calcification and that COX-2 inhibition may promote aortic valve calcification. Our findings support the notion that celecoxib may facilitate CAVD progression.

scholarly journals A concise review on advances in development of small molecule anti-inflammatory therapeutics emphasising AMPK: An emerging target

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chethan Gejjalagere Honnappa ◽  
Unnikrishnan Mazhuvancherry Kesavan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Clinical Trial Results ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Inflammatory diseases are complex, multi-factorial outcomes of evolutionarily conserved tissue repair processes. For decades, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase inhibitors, the primary drugs of choice for the management of inflammatory diseases, addressed individual targets in the arachidonic acid pathway. Unsatisfactory safety and efficacy profiles of the above have necessitated the development of multi-target agents to treat complex inflammatory diseases. Current anti-inflammatory therapies still fall short of clinical needs and the clinical trial results of multi-target therapeutics are anticipated. Additionally, new drug targets are emerging with improved understanding of molecular mechanisms controlling the pathophysiology of inflammation. This review presents an outline of small molecules and drug targets in anti-inflammatory therapeutics with a summary of a newly identified target AMP-activated protein kinase, which constitutes a novel therapeutic pathway in inflammatory pathology.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of different methods of anesthesia in patients with acute pancreatitis using pain scales

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
V N Shilenok ◽  
E V Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of used anesthesia methods in patients with acute pancreatitis in intensive care units settings using pain scales.Methods. Depending on the anesthesia type, 44 patients with acute pancreatitis were divided into three groups: the first group received intramuscular injections of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and spasmolytics, the second group - intramuscular injections of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid analgesics, the third group - epidural anesthesia with local anesthetics. Comparative analysis of pain character, intensity was conducted, its dynamics in patients of all groups amid anesthesia was evaluated using a visual analogue scale, verbal rating scale, verbal descriptor scale, McGill pain questionnaire.Results. Baseline pain intensity in patients of all groups was high. Patients estimated this pain as «very strong». The time and the level of pain intensity reduction for various anesthesia types had differences. Pain syndrome was eliminated slower in patients of the second group. By the end of the 1st day, patients of this group continued to complain of «strong» pain. Pain intensity decreased only on the 2nd day - patients reported «moderate» pain. Pain syndrome was not completely eliminated in these patients for 2 days of anesthesia. 97.7% of patients reported that the visual analogue scale is the most acceptable pain assessment scale for them.Conclusion. In patients with acute pancreatitis, the most optimal anesthesia types are intramuscular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with spasmolytics and prolonged epidural anesthesia with local anesthetics; intramuscular administration of opioid analgesics with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is less effective in relieving pain.

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