High Accuracy Leak Detection Performed on Entire Live Wellbore in Real Time Using Fiber-Optic Diagnostic-Capable Coiled Tubing

AbstractTimely pipeline leak detection is a significant business issue in view of a long history of catastrophic incidents and growing intolerance for such events. It is vital to flag containment loss and location quickly, credibly, and reliably for all green or brown field critical lines in order to shut down the line safely and isolate the leak. Pipelines are designed to transport hydrocarbons safely; however, leaks have severe safety, economic, environmental, and reputational effects. This paper will highlight robust, reliable, and cost-effective methods, most of which leverage real-time instrumentation, telecommunications, SCADA, DCS, and associated online leak detection applications. The purpose of this paper will be to review the underlying leak detection business issues, catalogue the functional challenges, and describe experiences with available technologies. Internal and external techniques will be described, including basic rate of change of flow and pressure, compensated mass balance, statistical, real-time transient modeling, acoustic wave sensing, fiber optic cable (distributed temperature, distributed acoustic sensing), and subsea hydrophones. The paper will also describe related credibility, deployment, organizational, and maintenance issues with an emphasis on upstream applications. The scope will include leak detection for pipelines conveying various flowing fluids—gas, liquid, and multiphase flow. Pipeline environments will include subsea and onshore. Advantages, disadvantages, and experiences with these techniques will be described and analyzed.

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Real-Time Fiber-Optic Coiled Tubing Delivered Well Intervention Savings Through Faster Decision-Making Process

10.2118/202615-ms ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Lerose ◽

Luca Pelusi ◽

Salvatore Spagnolo ◽

Marco Scarso ◽

Marco Colombo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Real Time ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Coiled Tubing

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Evolution of Coiled Tubing Fiber Optic Real-Time Telemetry System in Saudi Arabia Ghawar Field Interventions

10.2118/188421-ms ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ahmed. Duaij ◽

Danish. Ahmed ◽

Mohammad Arifin ◽

Adzlan Ayob ◽

Rodrigo Sa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Real Time ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Telemetry System ◽

Coiled Tubing ◽

Ghawar Field

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Redefinition of Well Interventions in Naturally-Fractured Carbonate Reservoir Through Real-Time Coiled Tubing-Deployed, Fiber Optic Monitoring

10.2118/143361-ms ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rodrigo Aviles ◽

Jose G. Flores ◽

Frederic Martin ◽

Alan Diaz ◽

Luis Eugenio Davila De Garate ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Carbonate Reservoir ◽

Coiled Tubing ◽

Naturally Fractured ◽

Fractured Carbonate

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The First Worldwide Deployment of a Pulsed Neutron Tool with Coiled Tubing Fiber-Optic Real-Time Telemetry

10.2118/178082-ms ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Saldeev ◽

A. A. Al-Mulhim ◽

M. A. Atwi ◽

H. Al-Obaid ◽

G. Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Coiled Tubing ◽

Pulsed Neutron

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First Time Live Descaling Operation in Saudi using Coiled Tubing Fiber Optic Real-Time Telemetry Rugged Tool, Foamed Fluid and Pressure Fluid Management System

10.2118/182763-ms ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mauricio A. Espinosa G ◽

Jairo A. Leal ◽

Saad M. Driweesh ◽

Mustafa F. Buali ◽

Waleed K. Khnaifir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Management System ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Fluid Management ◽

Coiled Tubing ◽

First Time

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Underbalanced Perforating with 800-ft Guns Completed in Single Trip with Fiber-Optic-Enabled Coiled Tubing: A Case Study from Jambaran Field, East Java, Indonesia

10.2118/206167-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ibnu Maulana ◽

Bambang Purwanto ◽

Doni Arief Makriva ◽

Genie Ageng Sugiarto ◽

Diah Setianti Kuswardani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Fiber Optics ◽

Technology Implementation ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Coiled Tubing ◽

Fit For Purpose ◽

Strategic Project

Abstract Coiled tubing (CT) equipped with fiber optics and real-time downhole telemetry and a fit-for-purpose CT tower were used in underbalanced perforating operations in six wells in Indonesia; each operation involved 800 ft of perforating guns, and each was completed in a single trip. The reservoir is thick, with high permeability and characterized by high content of CO2 and H2S. The underbalanced perforating technique was deemed fundamental to minimize formation damage in the near-wellbore area, and the campaign was part of a national strategic project to develop a block's main reserve to supply gas to drive the national economy. Each well had to be completed with minimum of an 800-ft perforation interval to deliver an average of 60 MMscf/D gas production for 16 years plateau with up to 34% CO2 content and 10,000-ppm H2S. The traditional method of e-line overbalanced perforating in such harsh environment became inefficient because of the number of runs required, which can be as high as 40 runs per well. CT-conveyed perforating guns and a completion insertion retrieval of equipment under pressure (CIRP) system were chosen to execute the task. The fiber-optic CT real-time telemetry system was selected to improve downhole depth accuracy, confirm the underbalance condition, and provide real-time confirmation when the 800 ft of guns detonated downhole. To execute the six-well campaign safely, a customized 100-ft CT tower was brought into the country. Because this was the first in-country application for fiber-optic-enabled CT in single-trip with an 800-ft underbalanced perforation interval, thorough planning and preparation were critical for a successful campaign. Considering the high gas rate, high CO2, and H2S content, a downhole lubricator valve was added as additional barrier during undeployment, and an H2S and CO2 inhibitor was used to protect CT string integrity. Another risk mitigation plan was to utilize real-time CT inspection to monitor the CT integrity and condition throughout the job. Slickline deployment was used in first two wells to deploy multiple guns into the well, but this was deemed inefficient. The CT deployment method was used to complete the campaign. The project comprised a total of 2,200 operating hours, 29 CT runs, and 4,969 ft of guns in six trips with 917 ft as the longest interval. All six wells were completed with no HSE events, no automotive incidents, 98% operational efficiency, and 21% faster than planned duration. This successful six-well campaign represents a first in-country application, which contributed to developing this main gas reserve. The campaign provides lessons for job planning and preparation, technology implementation, execution, and continuous improvement, which can be implemented in similar projects in Indonesia and around the region.

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