Gingival crevicular fluid alkaline phosphatase activity as growth marker: A systematic review

Background: This review synthesizes the available evidence about the individual skeletal maturity with biological maturity indicators and compares it with the levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in growing children. Aims: This systematic review aimed to clarify the question: Is GCF ALP a reliable biomarker to assess skeletal maturity during growth? Objectives: The objective of this systematic review is to collect, compile, and review the existing evidence on the levels of GCF ALP activity in growing children and comparing its reliability with contemporary growth indicators. Materials and Methods: A literature appraisal executed using Entres PubMed, www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov, Scupose, Hinary, Ebsco, Embass, Cochrane; Google Scholar Electronic database search engines were used. The MeSH term used “growth markers in gingival crevicular fluid” or “growth markers in growing children.” Studies published till October, 2020, were included in this study. Data Extraction and Quality Assessment: The data have extracted from the selected articles based on year of publication, study design, age of subjects, instruments used, and author’s conclusions. The quality assessment was executed using BIOCROSS Scale. This scale is exclusive for cross-sectional studies with biomarkers. Results: Literature search identified 731 records from electronic databases and from the partial grey literature (Google scholar) search. Finally, six articles fulfilled eligibility criteria included in the review. Conclusions: All the six studies concluded that GCF ALP activity is a reliable method in determining a skeletal maturity indicator in growing children.

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Fluctuation of bone turnover markers’ levels in samples of gingival crevicular fluid after orthodontic stimulus: a systematic review

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-021-01860-w ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

L. Kakali ◽

I. Giantikidis ◽

I. Sifakakis ◽

E. Kalimeri ◽

I. Karamani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Turnover Markers ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Abstract Background The aim of the present study was to provide an overview of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) bone turnover markers (BTMs) concerning the physiology of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and assess their potential contributions to regulating bone remodeling, that could prove useful in designing future approaches to modulating orthodontic tooth movement. Methods Multiple electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, LILACS, and Cochrane Library) were searched up to October 1st, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials, observational studies of prospective and retrospective designs, and cross-sectional studies reporting on levels of BTMs in GCF were eligible for inclusion. The quality of the included RCTs was assessed per the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0), whereas the risk of bias of the included cohort studies was assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool. Results Five RCTs, 9 prospective cohort studies, and 1 cross-sectional study fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was deemed as high for the RCTs and 4 of the prospective studies and moderate for the rest of the studies. The following biomarkers for bone formation were assessed: bone alcaline phosphatase (BALP), alcaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OC). For bone resorption, the following BTMs were assessed: deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and pyridinoline (PYD), N-terminal telopeptide (NTX), osteopontin (OPN), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). The follow-up period ranged mainly from baseline to 45 days, although one study had an expanded follow-up period of up to 16 months. The results of the included studies comparing different BTMs were heterogeneous and qualitatively reported. Conclusions Current evidence continues to support the potential for BTMs to provide clinically useful information particularly for adjusting or standardizing the orthodontic stimulus. The present systematic review has retrieved studies of high, overall, risk of bias, and has unveiled a substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity among included studies. Further data of the relationships between the clinical assays and the physiological or pre-analytical factors contributing to variability in BTMs’ concentrations are required. Systematic review registration CRD42020212056.

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Site-specific alkaline phosphatase levels in gingival crevicular fluid in health and gingivitis: cross-sectional studies

Journal Of Clinical Periodontology ◽

10.1111/j.1600-051x.1994.tb00738.x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 409-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

I. L. C. Chapple ◽

H. D. Glenwright ◽

J. B. Matthews ◽

G. H. G. Thorpe ◽

P. J. Lumley

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Site Specific ◽

Specific Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

Crevicular Fluid

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Evaluation of Alkaline Phosphatase as Skeletal Maturity Indicator in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1996 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 512-517

Author(s):

Mridula Trehan ◽

Chirag Patil

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Skeletal Maturity ◽

Crevicular Fluid

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Diagnostic accuracy of placental alkaline phosphatase concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid at early pregnancy in predicting the risk of preeclampsia: a prospective cohort study

Authorea ◽

10.22541/au.158630016.66298135 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alejandra Chaparro ◽

Max Monckeberg ◽

Ornella Realini ◽

Marcela Hern ndez ◽

Fernanda Param ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Placental Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Crevicular Fluid ◽

Risk Of Preeclampsia

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Neurophysiological changes of brain and spinal cord in individuals with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049882 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e049882

Author(s):

Jing Nong Liang ◽

Savanna Budge ◽

Austin Madriaga ◽

Kara Meske ◽

Derrick Nguyenton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Quality Assessment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Neuromuscular Control ◽

Patellofemoral Pain ◽

Randomised Control Trial ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Brain And Spinal Cord

IntroductionReduced neuromuscular control due to altered neurophysiological functions of the central nervous system has been suggested to cause movement deficits in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP). However, the underlying neurophysiological measures of brain and spinal cord in this population remain to be poorly understood. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for altered cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP.Methods and analysisThe protocol for conducting the review was prepared using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. We will systematically search the literature that examines cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP, aged 18–45 years. The studies for cross-sectional, prospective, longitudinal, case–control and randomised control trial designs will be included from the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and Web of Science. Only studies published in English prior to 1 February 2021 will be included. The risk of bias and quality assessment will be performed using National Institutes of Health’s Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. We will conduct meta-analysis of the data where appropriate. Narrative synthesis will be taken if a meta-analysis is not possible.Ethics and disseminationThis is a systematic review from the existing literature and does not require ethical approval. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal in the field of rehabilitation medicine, sports/orthopaedic medicine or neurology, regardless of the outcome.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020212128.

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Sedentary behaviour among general practitioners: a systematic review

BMC Family Practice ◽

10.1186/s12875-020-01359-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Richard S. Mayne ◽

Nigel D. Hart ◽

Neil Heron

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

General Practitioners ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cochrane Library ◽

Activity Questionnaire

Abstract Background Sedentary behaviour is when someone is awake, in a sitting, lying or reclining posture and is an independent risk factor for multiple causes of morbidity and mortality. A dose-response relationship has been demonstrated, whereby increasing sedentary time corresponds with increasing mortality rate. This study aimed to identify current levels of sedentary behaviour among General Practitioners (GPs), by examining and synthesising how sedentary behaviour has been measured in the primary care literature. Methods A systematic review was conducted to identify studies relating to levels of sedentary behaviour among GPs. Searches were performed using Medline®, Embase®, PscycINFO, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library, from inception of databases until January 2020, with a subsequent search of grey literature. Articles were assessed for quality and bias, with extraction of relevant data. Results The search criteria returned 1707 studies. Thirty four full texts were reviewed and 2 studies included in the final review. Both were cross-sectional surveys using self-reported estimation of sedentary time within the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Keohane et al. examined GP trainees and GP trainers in Ireland. 60% reported spending in excess of 7 h sitting each day, 24% between 4 and 7 h, and 16% less than or equal to 4 h. Suija et al. examined female GPs in Estonia. The mean reported daily sitting time was 6 h and 36 min, with 56% sitting for over 6 h per day. Both studies were of satisfactory methodological quality but had a high risk of bias. Conclusion There is a paucity of research examining current levels of sedentary behaviour among GPs. Objective data is needed to determine GPs’ current levels of sedentary behaviour, particularly in light of the increase in remote consulting as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Gingival Crevicular Fluid Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Postmenopausal Women: Effects of Phase I Periodontal Treatment

Journal of Periodontology ◽

10.1902/jop.2006.77.1.67 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 67-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Özlem Daltaban ◽

Işıl Saygun ◽

Belgin Bal ◽

Köksal Baloş ◽

Muhittin Serdar

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Phase I ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Periodontal Treatment ◽

Crevicular Fluid

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Association of Serum and Crevicular Fluid Dickkopf-1 Levels with Disease Activity and Periodontitis in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis

Current Rheumatology Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573397117666211116105118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Consuelo Romero-Sánchez ◽

Sebastián Giraldo ◽

Ana María Heredia-P ◽

Juliette De Avila ◽

Lorena Chila-Moreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Bone Erosion ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Radiographic Evaluation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Periodontal Bone Loss ◽

Crevicular Fluid ◽

Routine Assessment

Background: The aim of this study was to assess DKK-1 levels, in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) and serum, as a biomarker for bone loss and disease activity in periodontitis and early RA (eRA). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we obtained serum and GCF from 10 interproximal sites (Distal Buccal I/S, Mesio Buccal I/S, Distal Palatal/Lingual, Mesio Palatal/Lingual) according to the highest degree of inflammation by a patient for 240 sites from eRA patients. Patients received a periodontal assessment, a radiographic evaluation, tomography of interproximal sites, and DKK1 levels were determined by ELISA. Comparisons were performed by the Mann–Whitney U test and analysis by Chi2 test, and a logistic regression model was applied. Results: The mean age was 46.33 ± 12.0 years, the Disease Activity Score (DAS-28-ESR) was 4.08 ± 1.4. Periodontitis was present in 65.2% of the patients, and 59.6% of these patients had bone loss in interproximal sites. Higher GCF-DKK1 levels were associated with serum-DKK1 (OR:2.41 IC95% 1.14–5.09, p=0.021) and were related with DAS28-ESR (p=0.001), Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID 3) (p=0.001), and tender joints (p=0.040). Foot bone erosion and juxta-articular osteopenia were associated with high levels of serum-DKK1 (p=0.009 and 0.001, respectively). Serum-DKK1 were associated with SDAI (OR: 2.38 IC95% 1.03–5.52, p=0.043), RAPID 3 (p=0.001), and rheumatoid factor (p=0.018). The GCF-DKK1 levels were associated with periodontal bone loss (p=0.011), periodontitis (p=0.070) and its severity (OR: 2.58 IC95% 2.28–7.28, p=0.001). Bone loss was more frequent in buccal sites (73.5%) and was associated with increased levels of DKK1 (p=0.033). Conclusion: In the early stages of the eRA disease, serum and GCF-DKK1 could be a biomarker for clinical disease activity and periodontal and articular bone erosion.

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Additional appointments and discomfort associated with compliance-free fixed Class II corrector treatment: a systematic review

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjy074 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 404-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ashley Phuong ◽

Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Fagundes ◽

Sahar Abtahi ◽

Mary Roduta Roberts ◽

Paul W Major ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Selection Process ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Class Ii ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Level ◽

Weak Recommendation ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Cross Sectional Studies

Summary Objective A critical analysis of the literature to determine the prevalence and type of emergency/additional appointments, and discomfort levels associated with fixed Class II correctors. Methods Studies examining patient’s sources of discomfort or emergency appointments associated with compliance-free Class II correctors were included. Comprehensive searches up to July 2018 were conducted using the following databases: MEDLINE (OvidSP), PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. A partial grey literature search was taken using Google Scholar and OpenGrey. Two reviewers independently performed the selection process and risk of bias assessment. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies were used. A summary of the overall strength of evidence was presented using ‘Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation’ (GRADE) tool. Included studies were evaluated according to their design, study quality, consistency, and directness. Results The selected studies were published between 2001 and 2018, and the number of patients per studied group ranged from 8 to 182. One thousand five hundred forty-two patients were evaluated in total. The patients’ mean age at start of treatment ranged from 10 to 16.9 years and the fixed Class II corrector treatment duration ranged from 4 to 12 months. The included studies in this systematic review were too clinically heterogeneous (different appliances, different data recollection processes) to justify a meta-analysis. Limitations This review was not previously registered. A low level of evidence was observed among the two randomized trials, the 10 cohorts and three cross-sectional studies identified. Conclusions The main source of discomfort from Forsus-type appliances appears to be soreness in the cheeks (low level of evidence with a weak recommendation strength). Most evaluated patients treated with a Herbst appliance, regardless of design, will experience complications (fractures and/or dislodging) requiring emergency appointments (low level of evidence with a weak recommendation strength). Registration The review protocol was not registered.

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