Association of Serum and Crevicular Fluid Dickkopf-1 Levels with Disease Activity and Periodontitis in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: The aim of this study was to assess DKK-1 levels, in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) and serum, as a biomarker for bone loss and disease activity in periodontitis and early RA (eRA). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we obtained serum and GCF from 10 interproximal sites (Distal Buccal I/S, Mesio Buccal I/S, Distal Palatal/Lingual, Mesio Palatal/Lingual) according to the highest degree of inflammation by a patient for 240 sites from eRA patients. Patients received a periodontal assessment, a radiographic evaluation, tomography of interproximal sites, and DKK1 levels were determined by ELISA. Comparisons were performed by the Mann–Whitney U test and analysis by Chi2 test, and a logistic regression model was applied. Results: The mean age was 46.33 ± 12.0 years, the Disease Activity Score (DAS-28-ESR) was 4.08 ± 1.4. Periodontitis was present in 65.2% of the patients, and 59.6% of these patients had bone loss in interproximal sites. Higher GCF-DKK1 levels were associated with serum-DKK1 (OR:2.41 IC95% 1.14–5.09, p=0.021) and were related with DAS28-ESR (p=0.001), Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID 3) (p=0.001), and tender joints (p=0.040). Foot bone erosion and juxta-articular osteopenia were associated with high levels of serum-DKK1 (p=0.009 and 0.001, respectively). Serum-DKK1 were associated with SDAI (OR: 2.38 IC95% 1.03–5.52, p=0.043), RAPID 3 (p=0.001), and rheumatoid factor (p=0.018). The GCF-DKK1 levels were associated with periodontal bone loss (p=0.011), periodontitis (p=0.070) and its severity (OR: 2.58 IC95% 2.28–7.28, p=0.001). Bone loss was more frequent in buccal sites (73.5%) and was associated with increased levels of DKK1 (p=0.033). Conclusion: In the early stages of the eRA disease, serum and GCF-DKK1 could be a biomarker for clinical disease activity and periodontal and articular bone erosion.

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Association between Odontogenic and Maxillary Sinus Conditions: A Retrospective Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10132849 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 2849

Author(s):

Piotr Kuligowski ◽

Aleksandra Jaroń ◽

Olga Preuss ◽

Ewa Gabrysz-Trybek ◽

Joanna Bladowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Maxillary Sinus ◽

Mucous Membrane ◽

Maxillary Sinusitis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Odontogenic Infections ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Periodontal Bone Loss ◽

Maxillary Sinuses

Odontogenic infections can directly trigger maxillary sinusitis. CBCT is an excellent choice for precise examination of maxillary sinuses and hard tissues within the oral cavity. The objective of this retrospective and the cross-sectional study was to analyze the influence of odontogenic conditions on the presence and intensity of maxillary sinus mucous membrane thickening using CBCT imaging. Moreover, periodontal bone loss and anatomic relationship between adjacent teeth and maxillary sinuses were assessed to evaluate its possible impact on creating maxillary thickening. The study sample consisted of 200 maxillary sinuses of 100 patients visible on CBCT examination with a field of view of 13 × 15 cm. The presented study revealed a significant influence of periapical lesions, inappropriate endodontic treatment, severe caries, and extracted teeth on the presence of increased thickening of maxillary sinus mucous membrane. In addition, an increase in the distance between root apices and maxillary sinus floor triggered a significant reduction of maxillary sinus mucous membrane thickening. The presence of periodontal bone loss significantly increases maxillary sinus mucous membrane thickening.

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Microbial factors and gingival crevicular fluid aspartate aminotransferase levels. A cross-sectional study

Journal Of Clinical Periodontology ◽

10.1111/j.1600-051x.1998.tb02450.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 334-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. J. Smith ◽

M. Alexander ◽

D. Mackenzie ◽

A. Lennon ◽

M. P. Riggio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Crevicular Fluid

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Salivary Levels of IL-6 and IL-17 Could Be an Indicator of Disease Severity in Patients with Calculus Associated Chronic Periodontitis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/8531961 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Husniah Batool ◽

Ahmed Nadeem ◽

Muhammad Kashif ◽

Faheem Shahzad ◽

Romeeza Tahir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Background/Purpose. Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of gums that causes loss of supporting structures of teeth, that is, gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Levels of various cytokines in the serum, gingival tissues, and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with chronic periodontitis have been studied, but limited data are available on the level of cytokines in saliva. Therefore, a study was designed to determine levels of salivary IL-6 and IL-17 in patients with calculus associated chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods. It was a comparative, cross-sectional study that is comprised of 41 healthy controls and 41 calculus associated chronic periodontitis patients (CP patients). According to the degree of attachment loss, CP patients were subcategorized as mild (CAL 1-2 mm), moderate (CAL 3-4 mm), and severe (CAL > 5 mm) forms of periodontitis. Salivary levels of IL-6 and IL-17 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results. Between healthy controls and CP patients (moderate and severe disease), a statistically significant difference was observed in the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-17. In CP patients, the highest mean ± SD of salivary IL-6 and IL-17 was observed in severe CP, followed by moderate and mild CP. Regarding level of IL-6, a statistically significant difference was observed between mild and severe disease and between moderate and severe subcategories of CP patients. Similarly, statistically significant difference was observed in the level of IL-17 between mild and moderate, mild and severe disease, and moderate and severe disease. Conclusion. The levels of salivary IL-6 and IL-17 were increased significantly in calculus associated CP patients as compared to healthy controls and these levels increased with the progression of CP. Clinical Significance. Salivary levels of IL-6 and IL-17 may help in the subcategorization of CP.

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Biomarker levels in gingival crevicular fluid of subjects with different periodontal conditions: A cross-sectional study

Archives of Oral Biology ◽

10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.020 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 72 ◽

pp. 92-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Qian Zhang ◽

Bin Chen ◽

Dinggui Zhu ◽

Fuhua Yan

Keyword(s):

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Crevicular Fluid

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Clinical significance of GCF sIL-6R and calprotectin to evaluate the periodontal inflammation

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/0004563216680232 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 664-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yukari Kajiura ◽

Jung-Hwan Lew ◽

Takahisa Ikuta ◽

Yasufumi Nishikawa ◽

Jun-ichi Kido ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Soluble Form ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Periodontal Inflammation ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Background Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the soluble form of interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and calprotectin concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid are useful biomarkers in the evaluation of periodontitis. Methods First, a cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 34 periodontitis patients were enrolled and the gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from the healthy and inflamed sites of periodontal pockets in each patient. The relationship between periodontal condition and gingival crevicular fluid sIL-6R and calprotectin concentrations was analysed statistically. The cut-off values of gingival crevicular fluid sIL-6R and calprotectin concentrations for the evaluation of periodontitis were determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Next, by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, it was examined whether calprotectin induces sIL-6R production in THP-1 macrophages. Results Both gingival crevicular fluid sIL-6R and calprotectin concentrations were significantly higher in the inflamed sites than in the healthy sites ( P < 0.0001). The cut-off values of gingival crevicular fluid sIL-6R and calprotectin concentrations for the evaluation of periodontal inflammation were as follows: sIL-6R: 43.5 pg/site; calprotectin: 134.3 ng/site. In the in vitro study, calprotectin significantly induced sIL-6R production in THP-1 macrophages ( P < 0.01). Conclusions Both gingival crevicular fluid sIL-6R and calprotectin concentrations are significant biomarkers in the evaluation of periodontal inflammation.

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WNT-5a and SOST Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Depend on the Inflammatory and Osteoclastogenic Activities of Periodontal Tissues

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57080788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 788

Author(s):

Georgios S. Chatzopoulos ◽

Massimo Costalonga ◽

Kim C. Mansky ◽

Larry F. Wolff

Keyword(s):

Wnt Signaling ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Diagnostic Category ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Receptor Activator ◽

Crevicular Fluid ◽

Periodontal Tissue Remodeling

Background and Objectives: Wnt signaling leads to stimulation of osteoblasts and it reduces osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via the regulation of the osteprotegrin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligan (RANKL). Wnt signaling pathways are regulated by their physiological antagonists such as sclerostin (SOST) as well as WNT-5a. The aim of this study was to determine the total amount of Sclerostin and WNT-5a in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in sites with a continuum from a healthy to diseased periodontium. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 20 patients with generalized periodontitis, 10 subjects with gingivitis as well as 14 individuals with a healthy periodontium were recruited upon clinical and radiographic periodontal examination. In patients diagnosed with periodontitis, GCF samples were collected from periodontitis, gingivitis and healthy sites, while gingivitis patients provided samples from gingivitis and healthy sites. In healthy patients, only healthy sites were sampled. Protein total amount of SOST and WNT-5a were quantified by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: A total of 108 GCF samples were collected from a total of 44 individuals. When all periodontitis (n = 51), gingivitis (n = 12) and healthy (n = 45) sites were analyzed regardless of the patient diagnosis, periodontitis sites demonstrated significantly elevated WNT-5a total amounts (p = 0.03) when compared to gingivitis sites. Gingivitis sites demonstrated a trend of more total SOST (p = 0.09) when compared to periodontitis and healthy sites. Within each patient diagnostic category, sites showed similar SOST and WNT-5a total amounts (p > 0.05). Conclusions: WNT-5a levels in GCF depend on the stage of periodontitis sites. SOST trended higher in the GCF of gingivitis sites but similar in chronic periodontitis and healthy sites. WNT-5a and SOST play a crucial role in periodontal tissue remodeling and depend on the inflammatory and osteoclastogenic activities.

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Identification of IL-18 and Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid as Novel Biomarkers of Psoriasis

Life ◽

10.3390/life11101000 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1000

Author(s):

Fernando Valenzuela ◽

Javier Fernández ◽

Constanza Jiménez ◽

Daniela Cavagnola ◽

Juan Felipe Mancilla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Soluble Cell ◽

Novel Biomarkers ◽

Target Molecules ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Psoriasis is a chronic immunoinflammatory skin disease. Although its diagnosis is clinical, differences in the appearance and severity of lesions pose a challenge for clinicians worldwide. The use of accessible biomarkers for psoriasis could aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. To date, evidence on the analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) molecules as novel, accessible, and reliable biomarkers for psoriasis is limited. This cross-sectional study compared the GCF levels of IL-18, soluble (s)ICAM-1, and sE-selectin in psoriatic patients (n = 42) and healthy controls (n = 39). Individuals with psoriasis not undergoing treatment and healthy individuals were included independent of periodontal status. GCF samples were collected, and a multiplex bead immunoassay was performed to quantify the levels of the target molecules. Psoriatic patients presented higher concentrations of IL-18 and lower concentrations of sE-selectin compared to controls (p < 0.05). No differences were found in the levels of sICAM-1 between the two groups (p > 0.05). Psoriasis was associated with IL-18 and E-selectin levels regardless of periodontal status, age, and smoking habit (p < 0.05). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for IL-18 and sE-selectin were 0.77 and 0.68, respectively. In conclusion, IL-18 and sE-selectin levels in the GCF could be promising biomarker for psoriasis.

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Correlation of level of expression of Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitor Dickkopf-1 with disease activity in Elderly patients of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A cross sectional study

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v9i1.2343 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 348-350

Author(s):

ANUP SINGH

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Bone Erosion ◽

Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Elderly Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dickkopf 1

Objective: To correlate the level of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and its role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients of elderly age group. Methods: Serum samples were collected elderly RA patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria coming to Geriatric outdoor clinic between June 2018 to September 2018. DKK-1 was detected by ELISA. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF) titers, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody were also measured in patients with RA. Results: Twenty one patients were enrolled in study period. The serum level of DKK-1 was significantly higher in patients with severe RA with high DAS score (p < 0.01); The serum DKK-1 level was correlated with T-score (r= -0.588; p = 0.005), Z-Score(r= -0.458, p = 0.037) and the larson score of radiologic change (r = +0.673, p = 0.001) in RA, however not correlated significantly with ESR, CRP. Conclusion: DKK-1 may serve as a biomarker of bone erosion and correlates with the disease activity in RA patients of elderly age group. Keyword: DKK 1, Rheumatoid arthritis, Geriatric, Osteoporosis.

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