Life-cycle evaluation of Bos taurus and Bos indicus × Bos taurus breed types in a dry, temperate climate: performance of mature dams.

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 960-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Bailey ◽  
Y. O. Koh ◽  
W. D. Foote ◽  
D. R. Hanks
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Breed Differences

Abstract Mature dams representing Hereford, Red Poll, F1 Hereford × Red Poll, F<Analysis of the Hereford1 Red Poll × Hereford, F1 Angus × Hereford, F1 Angus × Charolais, F1 Brahman × Hereford and F1 Brahman × Angus breed types were evaluated. All cows were bred to Limousin sires to produce two-way or three-way-cross progeny. Mature Brahman × Hereford dams produced a higher (P < .05) percentage of live calves than Herefords, but dam breed differences in percentage of calves weaned relative to the number of cows exposed for mating were not statistically significant. Progeny of Angus × Charolais and Red Poll dams were outstanding in weaning weight, but Hereford and Brahman-cross calves were below average. Planned comparisons showed that Angus × Charolais calves were heavier (P < .01) at weaning than Hereford (23.0 ± 3.8 kg) or Angus × Hereford (9.6 ± 3.2 kg) progeny. Mature Angus × Hereford mothers weaned heavier calves than did Brahman × Herefords (7.4 ± 3.2 kg, P < .05) or Brahman × Angus (10.9 ± 3.0 kg, P < .01). Analysis of the Hereford-Red Poll diallel showed evidence of maternal heterosis in calf weaning weight (4.0 ± 2.6 kg, P < .05), but there was no difference in the percentage of calves weaned by crossbred vs straightbred dams.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Genetic parameters for tropical beef cattle in northern Australia: a review

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
GP Davis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Reproduction Traits

This paper reviews published estimates of genetic parameters for traits of growth, reproduction and resistance to environmental stresses for Bos indicus and Zebu derived breeds in northern Australia. Most published estimates of heritabilities for growth and reproduction traits were higher for tropically adapted breeds in northern Australia than for Bos taurus breeds in temperate Australia. Weighted mean estimates of heritabilities for the direct component of weaning weight were 39% for the Brahman breed and 30% for Zebu-derived breeds in northern Australia compared with 13% for Bos taurus breeds in temperate areas of Australia. Mean estimates for the maternal component of weaning weight were 5, 24 and 13% respectively. Mean heritabilities for yearling and 550 day weights for Zebu derived breeds in northern Australia (24 and 25%) were similar to those for Bos taurus breeds in temperate areas, though estimates for Brahmans were higher (39 and 39%). Published estimates of heritabilities of later weights (700 and 900 days), which are most relevant to northern Australian production systems, were rare but averaged between 32 and 45% for Zebu-derived breeds and Brahmans. Weighted mean heritability for female calving success was 14% and for realised bull fertility was 5%. Published estimates of heritabilities of scrota1 circumference averaged 31%, and testosterone response to GNRH stimulation was 52%. Heritabilities of resistance to various environmental stresses were all moderate with weighted means between 20 and 34%. Genetic correlations between growth, reproduction and resistance to environmental stresses are also reviewed. There appears to be predictable variation in estimates of parameters between breeds in different environments which is related to level of resistance to environmental stresses, and this is likely to affect the prediction of breeding values for cattle in northern Australia.

30 Calf Performance and Sex Ratios in Second Generation Reciprocal Nellore-angus Crosses

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Dana Mickey ◽  
James Sanders ◽  
David G Riley ◽  
Andy D Herring
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Important Variation ◽  
Reciprocal Differences ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract The objectives of this study were to analyze calf weight and sex distribution differences in reciprocal F2 Nellore-Angus calves (n = 559) born 2010–2015 and calves out of these F2 females through 4 yr age (n = 469) born 2012–2018. The F2 animals were produced by 4 F1 parent type combinations from Nellore-sired (NA) vs. Angus-sired (AN) sires and dams. Weight traits were analyzed using mixed models, and sex distribution was analyzed through PROC GLIMMIX in SAS. Sire type and dam type affected birth weight (P &lt; 0.05) but not weaning weight of the F2 calves. However, the interaction between sire type and dam type accounted for weaning weight differences (P = 0.038). Birth weight averaged 3.5 kg heavier from NA vs. AN sires, and 2.4 kg heavier from NA vs. AN dams. Weaning weight displayed a different pattern than observed in birth weight with the heaviest calves being NAAN (224.5 ± 3.7 kg) and lightest being ANAN (215.9 ± 3.9 kg). Sire type accounted for important variation (P = 0.036) in the calf sex distribution at birth among F2 calves. Percentage males at birth exceeded the expected ratio for NA-sired calves (66.6%, n = 168) but not for AN-sired calves (49.9%, n = 105). The sire and dam type main effects in the F2 females did not influence weight traits or sex distribution in their calves (from predominantly Angus sires). However, the interaction of sire type x dam type x sex showed a trend in birth weight (P = 0.080) and importance for weaning weight (P = 0.010) where only from ANNA and NANA dams were males heavier than females. These results suggest that some of the calf weight reciprocal differences typically observed among F1 Bos indicus-Bos taurus crosses can persist in later generations.

Genetic and environmental effects on weaning weight in crossbred beef cattle (Bos taurus × Bos indicus)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
P. Dominguez-Castaño ◽  
A. M. Maiorano ◽  
M.H.V. de Oliveira ◽  
L.E.C. dos Santos Correia ◽  
J.A.II.V. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Variance Component Analysis ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Age Class

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the effects of sire's and dam's biological type, dam's age class at calving and individual heterozygosis, and to estimate variance components for weaning weight adjusted to 210 days (WW210) in beef cattle of different breed groups. Records of 13 687 animals, obtained from 2000 to 2007, were used. Bulls from the biological types Zebu (N), Adapted (A), British (B), Continental (C) and ¼N|¼A|¼B|¼C were mated with purebred zebu (N) and crossbred females (½C|½N and ½B|½N). Dam age at calving was 3–12 years. The influence of several effects on WW210 was tested using the least square method. Variance component analysis was performed using a Bayesian approach. The model included contemporary group, dam's age class at calving, sire's and dam's biological types as systematic effects, animal's age and individual heterozygosis as linear covariates, and direct and maternal additive genetic, maternal permanent environmental and residual effects as random effects. The progeny of bulls from biological type B and the crossbred cows showed higher WW210 means. Cows at 6–7 years old weaned heavier calves. Direct and maternal heritability estimates for WW210 were 0.5 ± 0.04 and 0.1 ± 0.02, respectively. Calves with 100% individual heterozygosis weighed on average 25.98 kg more at weaning compared to progenies from pure breeds. Sire's and dam's biological types influence the WW210 of the crossed progenies. Crossbred cows produce heavier calves compared to biological type N cows. These results and the obtained direct and maternal heritabilities suggest it is possible to choose the lines of sires and dams that could be used to make the crosses to obtain progenies with better performance for WW210.

Evaluation of beef cattle genotypes and estimation of direct and maternal genetic effects in a tropical environment. 1. Growth traits

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Prayaga
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Final Weight

Data from a crossbreeding experiment conducted during 1992–97 involving 31 genotypes from tropically adapted British (B), Sanga-derived (S), Zebu cross (Zx), Zebu (Z), and Continental (C) beef cattle breed groups were analysed to compare least-squares means, direct and maternal genetic effects, and heterosis estimates for birthweight, weaning weight, yearling weight, final weight (18 months), and pre- and post-weaning average daily gain (ADG). The genotypes were regrouped as Bos taurus (B, S, C)- and Bos indicus (Z, Zx)-derived groups to enable the comparison of direct (dD) and maternal (mD) dominance effects among indicine (II), taurine–indicine (TI), and taurine (TT) crosses. Genotype, contemporary group (year of birth, season of birth, and age of the dam), sex, and genotype × sex interactions were significant (P < 0.01) sources of variation for all the traits. Treatment to control parasites significantly (P < 0.01) affected post-weaning growth traits. In general, crossbred calves performed better than purebred calves. Z dam breeds resulted in lower birthweight, and Z sire breeds and S dam breeds resulted in heavier birthweights. For traits after birth, ZC and ZC crosses with S and Z showed heavier weights and higher gains. Prior to weaning, males weighed significantly more and gained weight at a faster rate than females in most of the crossbreds. Weight gain was relatively low between weaning and yearling age.Direct and maternal additive effects were estimated as a deviation from the British breed group mean for various traits. Direct additive effects of C, Z, and S were high and significantly different from the British mean for all the growth traits. Maternal additive effects of C were low and not significantly different from the British mean. Large negative maternal additive effects of Z and Zx caused lower birthweights of calves from Z and Zx dams. A decrease of maternal additive effect from weaning to final weight and pre-weaning to post-weaning ADG was noticed. The magnitude of dD effects was higher in TI crosses than in II crosses for all the traits except for birthweight, indicating the advantage of Bos taurus × Bos indicus crosses. In TT crosses, dD was only significant for weaning weight (P�<�0.01) and pre-weaning ADG (P < 0.05). Significant (P < 0.01) and positive mD effects observed in TI crosses indicated a better maternal environment provided by crossbred dams. High correlation coefficient estimates (0.92–0.99) between least-squares means and predicted means, observed for a set of F1 genotypes, indicated the prediction of performance of untested genotypes with reasonable accuracy. The per cent heterosis estimates were higher in Zebu × British breed crosses.

The incidence and effect of poisoning with Lantana camara in different cattle breeds

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Frisch ◽  
C. J. O'Neill ◽  
H. M. Burrow
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryThe incidence of lantana poisoning and its effect on mortality, growth rate and fertility were recorded from 1975 to 1982 in seven lines of Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle and their crosses.Two Bos taurus Hereford × Shorthorn (HS) lines had higher incidences of poisoning and higher mortalities after poisoning than the Bos indicus based breeds.During the period of poisoning, live–weight gains of affected animals of all breeds were reduced but subsequent recovery was rapid. Lantana poisoning had no detectable effect on the fertility of animals affected at least 10 months prior to their first mating, irrespective of breed.Parasite control influenced the incidence of poisoning and mortality in genetically similar groups of HS cattle. This observation, when combined with the between-breed relationships between the incidence of lantana poisoning and susceptibility to environmental stresses suggests that the marked breed differences in susceptibility to lantana poisoning stem from differences in resistance to other environmental stresses, including cattle ticks. This offers little scope for selection of animals that are resistant to lantana poisoning per se but has practical significance in lantanainfested regions.

Comparative drought resistance of Bos indicus and Bos taurus crossbred herds in Central Queensland. 1. Relative weights and weight changes of maiden heifers

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (56) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Frisch
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Observations were made during a drought in Queensland in 1969 of the comparative weight changes of Brahman X British (BX), Africander X British (AX), and British X British (SH) crossbred heifers which were grazed together under field conditions at the National Cattle Breeding Station 'Belmont', Queensland. The animals were weighed in February and October, 1969, and in January 1970. At all weighings the BX heifers were significantly heavier than both the AX and the SH heifers and the AX were significantly heavier than the SH. From February 1969 to October 1969, when nutritional conditions were most severe, the mean weight loss of the breeds was 42.1 kg. Breed differences in absolute weight losses were not significant but were least for the BX. When the weight losses were adjusted for differences in initial weight, the BX lost 34.9 kg, the AX lost 39.3 kg and the SH heifers lost 50.5 kg. The difference between the Zebu crossbreds (AX and BX) was not significant. From October 1969 to January 1970 the pasture conditions improved and the mean gain of the breeds was 52.1 kg. The BX heifers gained 55.8 kg, 7.4 kg more than the SH heifers. From February 1969 to January 1970, BX and AX heifers gained 12.0 kg and 8.2 kg respectively more than the SH heifers (3.7 kg) ; the difference between the Zebu crossbreds was not significant. Purebred Brahman and Africander heifers lost less weight than any of the crossbreds from February 1969 to October 1969 and made only slightly lower gains from October 1969 to January 1970. Overall gains from February 1969 to January 1970 were highest in the purebred Brahmans. Some possible reasons for the differences in breed performance are advanced.

Evaluation of Bos indicus and Bos taurus straightbreds and crosses. III. Direct and maternal genetic effects on growth traits

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF Arthur ◽  
H Hearnshaw ◽  
PJ Kohun ◽  
R Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Medium Quality

Data on Brahman and Hereford cattle and their crosses were used to estimate direct additive, direct heterosis, maternal additive and maternal heterosis effects for pre-weaning and post-weaning liveweights, average daily gain (ADG) and height at various ages. The cattle were born at Grafton, N.S.W., and raised on high, medium and low quality pastures until weaning. During the post-weaning period, the steers were grown in three environments in New South Wales, while the heifers remained at Grafton. Genetic effects were estimated by regression and the additive components expressed as deviations from Hereford effect. Weaning weight and pre-weaning ADG of Hereford calves (both sexes) were 237.8 kg and 827 g/day on high, 210.5 kg and 704 g/day on medium, and 128.3 kg and 425 g/day on low quality pastures respectively. Post-weaning ADG of Hereford steers (weaning to 36 months) and heifers (weaning to 30 months) was 296 and 240 g/day respectively. Direct heterosis was significant (P<0.05) for most traits. Estimates of direct heterosis for weaning weight were 24.9 and 20.2 kg, and for pre-weaning ADG were 79 and 68 g/day, on high and medium quality pastures respectively. Direct heterosis for ADG of steers (weaning to 36 months) and heifers (weaning to 30 months) was 91 and 76 g/day respectively. Estimates of maternal heterosis for weaning weights were 14.9, 30.9 and 37.8 kg and for pre-weaning ADG were 31 (not significant), 105 and 153 g/day, for high, medium and low quality pastures respectively. Maternal heterosis for ADG of steers (weaning to 36 months) was -47 g/day. There was a negative direct additive effect on post-weaning ADG in environments where pasture quality was good, but the effect was not significant on poor quality pasture. Maternal additive effect was negative for birth weight for high and medium quality pastures and positive for weaning weight and pre-weaning ADG on low quality pasture. The performance of untested crosses can be predicted from the estimates and models provided.

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