Evaluation of beef cattle genotypes and estimation of direct and maternal genetic effects in a tropical environment. 1. Growth traits

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Prayaga
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Final Weight

Data from a crossbreeding experiment conducted during 1992–97 involving 31 genotypes from tropically adapted British (B), Sanga-derived (S), Zebu cross (Zx), Zebu (Z), and Continental (C) beef cattle breed groups were analysed to compare least-squares means, direct and maternal genetic effects, and heterosis estimates for birthweight, weaning weight, yearling weight, final weight (18 months), and pre- and post-weaning average daily gain (ADG). The genotypes were regrouped as Bos taurus (B, S, C)- and Bos indicus (Z, Zx)-derived groups to enable the comparison of direct (dD) and maternal (mD) dominance effects among indicine (II), taurine–indicine (TI), and taurine (TT) crosses. Genotype, contemporary group (year of birth, season of birth, and age of the dam), sex, and genotype × sex interactions were significant (P < 0.01) sources of variation for all the traits. Treatment to control parasites significantly (P < 0.01) affected post-weaning growth traits. In general, crossbred calves performed better than purebred calves. Z dam breeds resulted in lower birthweight, and Z sire breeds and S dam breeds resulted in heavier birthweights. For traits after birth, ZC and ZC crosses with S and Z showed heavier weights and higher gains. Prior to weaning, males weighed significantly more and gained weight at a faster rate than females in most of the crossbreds. Weight gain was relatively low between weaning and yearling age.Direct and maternal additive effects were estimated as a deviation from the British breed group mean for various traits. Direct additive effects of C, Z, and S were high and significantly different from the British mean for all the growth traits. Maternal additive effects of C were low and not significantly different from the British mean. Large negative maternal additive effects of Z and Zx caused lower birthweights of calves from Z and Zx dams. A decrease of maternal additive effect from weaning to final weight and pre-weaning to post-weaning ADG was noticed. The magnitude of dD effects was higher in TI crosses than in II crosses for all the traits except for birthweight, indicating the advantage of Bos taurus × Bos indicus crosses. In TT crosses, dD was only significant for weaning weight (P�<�0.01) and pre-weaning ADG (P < 0.05). Significant (P < 0.01) and positive mD effects observed in TI crosses indicated a better maternal environment provided by crossbred dams. High correlation coefficient estimates (0.92–0.99) between least-squares means and predicted means, observed for a set of F1 genotypes, indicated the prediction of performance of untested genotypes with reasonable accuracy. The per cent heterosis estimates were higher in Zebu × British breed crosses.

Evaluation of Bos indicus and Bos taurus straightbreds and crosses. III. Direct and maternal genetic effects on growth traits

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF Arthur ◽  
H Hearnshaw ◽  
PJ Kohun ◽  
R Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Medium Quality

Data on Brahman and Hereford cattle and their crosses were used to estimate direct additive, direct heterosis, maternal additive and maternal heterosis effects for pre-weaning and post-weaning liveweights, average daily gain (ADG) and height at various ages. The cattle were born at Grafton, N.S.W., and raised on high, medium and low quality pastures until weaning. During the post-weaning period, the steers were grown in three environments in New South Wales, while the heifers remained at Grafton. Genetic effects were estimated by regression and the additive components expressed as deviations from Hereford effect. Weaning weight and pre-weaning ADG of Hereford calves (both sexes) were 237.8 kg and 827 g/day on high, 210.5 kg and 704 g/day on medium, and 128.3 kg and 425 g/day on low quality pastures respectively. Post-weaning ADG of Hereford steers (weaning to 36 months) and heifers (weaning to 30 months) was 296 and 240 g/day respectively. Direct heterosis was significant (P<0.05) for most traits. Estimates of direct heterosis for weaning weight were 24.9 and 20.2 kg, and for pre-weaning ADG were 79 and 68 g/day, on high and medium quality pastures respectively. Direct heterosis for ADG of steers (weaning to 36 months) and heifers (weaning to 30 months) was 91 and 76 g/day respectively. Estimates of maternal heterosis for weaning weights were 14.9, 30.9 and 37.8 kg and for pre-weaning ADG were 31 (not significant), 105 and 153 g/day, for high, medium and low quality pastures respectively. Maternal heterosis for ADG of steers (weaning to 36 months) was -47 g/day. There was a negative direct additive effect on post-weaning ADG in environments where pasture quality was good, but the effect was not significant on poor quality pasture. Maternal additive effect was negative for birth weight for high and medium quality pastures and positive for weaning weight and pre-weaning ADG on low quality pasture. The performance of untested crosses can be predicted from the estimates and models provided.

scholarly journals Factors affecting growth traits of beef cattle breeds raised inSlovakia

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Krupa ◽  
M. Oravcová ◽  
P. Polák ◽  
J. Huba ◽  
Z. Krupová
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sex Effect ◽  
Beef Cattle Breeds

Growth traits of purebred calves of six beef breeds (Aberdeen Angus &ndash; AA, Blonde d&rsquo;Aquitaine &ndash; BA, Charolais &ndash; CH,Hereford &ndash; HE, Limousine &ndash; LI and Beef Simmental &ndash; BS) born from 1998 to 2002 were analysed. Traits under study were birth weight (BW), weight at 120 days (W120), weight at 210 days &ndash; weaning weight (WW), weight at 365 days &ndash; yearling weight (YW) and average daily gains from birth to 120 days (ADG1), from birth to 210 days (ADG2), from birth to 365 days (ADG3), from 120 to 210 days (ADG4). General linear model with class effects of breed, dam&rsquo;s age at calving, sex, herd-year-season (HYS) and covariation of age at weighing was used for analyses. All effects significantly affected both weight and gain traits except for dam&rsquo;s age that was significant for BW, W120, YW and ADG3, and age at weighing that was significant for W120, WW, YW, ADG2, ADG3, ADG4. Estimated least squares means of growth traits were compared using Scheffe&rsquo;s multiple-range tests. Highest BW (40.57&nbsp;kg) and W120 (172.43 kg) were found for BA calves. BS calves had highest WW (260.30 kg), YW (424.07 kg), ADG1 (1&nbsp;154&nbsp;g), ADG2 (1 053 g), ADG3 (1 054 g) and ADG4 (1 098 g). Highest BW, YW, ADG3 and ADG4 were found for males-singles. Males-twins had highest W120, WW, ADG1 and ADG2. Calves descending from 5&ndash;7 years old dams had highest BW, W120, WW, ADG1, ADG2 and ADG4. The proportion of variability of growth traits explained by HYS effect (42.96&ndash;71.69%) was high, whereas proportions of variability explained by SEX effect (2.03&ndash;5.77%), age of dam (1.02&ndash;2.24%) and breed (1.05&ndash;2.21%) were low. Residuals accounted for 23.71 up to 53.79% of total variance. &nbsp;

Candidate genes for growth traits in beef cattle crosses Bos taurus x Bos indicus

2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Tambasco ◽  
C. C. P. Paz ◽  
M. Tambasco-Studart ◽  
A. P. Pereira ◽  
M. M. Alencar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Bos Indicus

GENETIC EFFECTS ON POSTWEANING GROWTH OF THREE-WAY CROSS BEEF CATTLE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Sire Breed

Genetic effects on postweaning growth traits were evaluated for 3592 crossbred steers and heifers fed at two locations, Brandon, Manitoba and Lacombe, Alberta during a 6-yr period (1973–1978). The calves were sired by Chianina (Chi), Charolais (C), Limousin (L) and Simmental (S) bulls mated to 10 F1 dam-crosses representing the Hereford × Angus (HA) and nine dam-cross combinations produced by mating C, S and L sires with H, A and Shorthorn (N) females. Progeny rankings by terminal sire breed for weight on-test were C = Chi = S > L. For the trait 140-d postweaning average daily gain, progeny rankings were C > Chi = S, C = Chi > L and Chi > S > L. The progeny from the majority of "exotic" cross-dams were heavier on-test, and had higher postweaning average daily gain than progeny from HA dams. Ranking of dam-crosses according to their breed of sire (DS) for the trait weight on-test were S > C > L. The DS comparisons for postweaning average daily gain were C > S > L. The ranking of dam-crosses by breed of dam's dam, for on-test weight and postweaning average daily gain were N > H = A. Genetic interactions (terminal sire by breed cross of dam) were absent. Genotype environment interactions involving breed of terminal sire with year, sex and location were found for weight on-test and postweaning average daily gain. All resulted from changes in the magnitude of breed of sire differences, not from changes in sire rankings. Key words: Cattle, breeds, cross breeding, growth

INFLUENCE OF BIRTH DATE, SEX OF CALF, BREED GROUP AND AGE OF DAM ON PREWEANING PERFORMANCE OF RANGE BEEF CALVES

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. AHUNU ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Quadratic Effects

Preweaning data on 2856 calves covering a 14-yr period in three breed groups of range beef cattle: Hereford (HE), Beef Synthetic (SY) and Beef Crossbred (XB) were analyzed for birth weight, weaning weight and preweaning average daily gain (ADG). Year of birth, age of dam, sex of calf and breed group were considered as main effects. Calf birth date was used as a covariate in the least-squares analyses. Year of birth was a significant source of variation. The correlation coefficients between the least-squares constants for years and year of birth indicated a steady improvement in the preweaning traits over the 14-yr period. Bull calves exceeded heifers (P < 0.05) in all traits except for ADG in HE. Preweaning performance peaked in calves from 5- to 6-yr-old dams. Though heavier at birth, XB calves were excelled by SY calves at weaning primarily because of superior ADG recorded in SY, while HE was the lightest of the breeding populations. Breed group by sex of calf interactions for weaning weight and ADG were significant. In addition, declining multiplicative sex adjustment factors from birth to weaning in the HE and XB populations suggested that in view of their greater potential for growth, male calves might have been marginally disadvantaged by the poor nutritional environment provided by the dams. In the HE and SY populations, calf birth weights significantly increased with the progression of the calving season, but the stage of the calving season did not affect calf birth weights in XB. The linear effects of age of calf were generally significant for weaning weight while quadratic effects were significant only in the XB population. Key words: Beef cattle, preweaning traits

Genetic and environmental effects on weaning weight in crossbred beef cattle (Bos taurus × Bos indicus)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
P. Dominguez-Castaño ◽  
A. M. Maiorano ◽  
M.H.V. de Oliveira ◽  
L.E.C. dos Santos Correia ◽  
J.A.II.V. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Variance Component Analysis ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Age Class

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the effects of sire's and dam's biological type, dam's age class at calving and individual heterozygosis, and to estimate variance components for weaning weight adjusted to 210 days (WW210) in beef cattle of different breed groups. Records of 13 687 animals, obtained from 2000 to 2007, were used. Bulls from the biological types Zebu (N), Adapted (A), British (B), Continental (C) and ¼N|¼A|¼B|¼C were mated with purebred zebu (N) and crossbred females (½C|½N and ½B|½N). Dam age at calving was 3–12 years. The influence of several effects on WW210 was tested using the least square method. Variance component analysis was performed using a Bayesian approach. The model included contemporary group, dam's age class at calving, sire's and dam's biological types as systematic effects, animal's age and individual heterozygosis as linear covariates, and direct and maternal additive genetic, maternal permanent environmental and residual effects as random effects. The progeny of bulls from biological type B and the crossbred cows showed higher WW210 means. Cows at 6–7 years old weaned heavier calves. Direct and maternal heritability estimates for WW210 were 0.5 ± 0.04 and 0.1 ± 0.02, respectively. Calves with 100% individual heterozygosis weighed on average 25.98 kg more at weaning compared to progenies from pure breeds. Sire's and dam's biological types influence the WW210 of the crossed progenies. Crossbred cows produce heavier calves compared to biological type N cows. These results and the obtained direct and maternal heritabilities suggest it is possible to choose the lines of sires and dams that could be used to make the crosses to obtain progenies with better performance for WW210.

scholarly journals Korelasi Genetik Pada Sifat Pertumbuhan Sapi Aceh di Kecamatan Indrapuri Provinsi Aceh

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra ◽  
Sumadi Sumadi ◽  
Tety Hartatik
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Daily Gain

(The genetic correlation of growth traits in Aceh cattle at indrapuri district Aceh Province)ABSTRACT. This research was conducted to estimate genetic correlation of growth traits on Aceh cattle including birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), and Average Daily Gain (ADG). The research was done at Indrapuri Breeding and Forage Centre (IBFC) of Aceh cattle from March 2013 to April 2013. The materials of this research consist of growth records from 2010 to 2012. The genetic correlation was analyzed by variance and covariance. The results indicated that the lowest standard error (SE) value of heritability showed on birth weight 0.15+0.13. Most of genetic correlation value on growth traits was positive and high categorized ( 0.50). The lowest SE value showed on correlation between birth weight and pre-weaning ADG (0.55+0.54), birth weight and post-weaning ADG (0,63+0,62), pre-weaning ADG and post-weaning ADG (0.71+0.33), pos-weaning ADG and weight/age or W/A (0.72+0.33) then final weight and W/A (0.94+0.69). It could be concluded that most of genetic correlation value on Aceh cattle growth traits were positive and high therefore the selection based on growth traits can be done for increasing performance in Aceh cattle.

GENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS BETWEEN GROWTH TRAITS OF HEREFORD AND ABERDEEN ANGUS CALVES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. KENNEDY ◽  
C. R. HENDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Trait ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Daily Gain

Canadian Record of Performance for Beef Cattle data were used to estimate genetic, environmental and phenotypic correlations between pairs of four calf growth traits: weaning weight, preweaning average daily gain (ADG), yearling weight and postweaning ADG. A total of 61,688 Hereford and 22,333 Aberdeen Angus records were studied. Average genetic, environmental and phenotypic correlation estimates, in that order, for the following growth trait combinations were:.997,.974 and.979 for weaning weight and preweaning ADG;.801,.709 and.726 for weaning weight and yearling weight;.784,.692 and.706 for preweaning ADG and yearling weight;.516, −.143 and.104 for weaning weight and postweaning ADG;.494, −.142 and.094 for preweaning ADG and postweaning ADG; and.875,.595 and.741 for yearling weight and postweaning ADG.

Genetic parameter estimates for growth traits of Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Li ◽  
Ian W. Purvis
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Western China ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Likelihood Ratio Testing ◽  
Daily Gain

Estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits of Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep that separately identify maternal effects has not been previously conducted. (Co)variance components and corresponding genetic parameters for lamb growth traits were estimated from Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep maintained at Gansu Sheep Breeding Technology Extension Station in north-western China. Records of 17 703 lambs at birth, born over 9 years (2000–2008) and sired by 315 rams, were used in the study. Birth type, sex, dam age, record age and birth year were fitted as fixed effects. Analyses were carried out using a restricted maximum likelihood procedure (ASReml). Six different animal models were fitted for all traits and the most appropriate model was selected through log-likelihood ratio testing. After identifying the appropriate model through single-trait analysis, bivariate analyses were used to obtain the phenotypic and genetic correlations among the growth traits. In addition to the direct genetic effect, and maternal genetic effects, significant negative correlations between direct genetic and maternal genetic effects were found for all the growth traits. The maternal permanent environmental effects were only significant for birthweight, weaning weight and pre-weaning growth rate. The estimates of direct heritability for birthweight, weaning weight, pre-weaning average daily gain, post-weaning average daily gain and yearling weight were 0.22, 0.16, 0.15, 0.27 and 0.19 respectively. The maternal heritability estimates were relatively high and ranged from 0.17 to 0.27. The study provides the breed and its associated finewool sheep industry with a more encompassing basis for designing more effective breeding programs for improvement of growth traits of Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep.

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