Role of high quality feed supplement additional to the success of artificial insemination using sexing semen on Limousin Crossbred Cow

The success of artificial insemination must be supported by a balance of nutrients for livestock. AI combined with sexing produces offspring according to wishes of the breeder. This study aims to determine the increase in concentration on the success of Artificial Insemination using frozen semen sexing. This research was conducted at the people's beef cattle farm, Sumber Pucung District, Malang Regency. The limousine crosser used was 30 cows. Cattle aged 1.8 – 5 years with BCS 3-5 (score 1-9) Treatment T0 : The usual feed given by farmers (Control). T1: Control+HQFS. Parameters NRR-1, NRR-2, Conception Rate (CR), Pregnancy Rate (PR). The additional feeding of concentrate did not significantly affect the reproductive parameters. The results showed that at T0 the results of NRR-1 and NRR-2 were 80% and 73.33%, respectively. while in T1 it was 73.3% and 66.67%. The results showed that the CR in both treatments was 26% and the results showed that the PR for T0 was 26% and for T1 was 33%. Insufficient feed consumption for all treatments based on NRC requirement data, T0 and T1 dry matter consumption respectively 6.6 and 7.3 Kg/head/day, Protein consumption 0.36 and 0.3 Kg/head/day and TDN consumption of 3.08 and 3.20. kg/head/day.

The relationship of estrus character before double dose artificial insemination in Limousin Crossbred cow

Ongole cattle in smallholder farms on Java, Indonesia, have been crossed with Limousin, which is not controlled repeatedly. The character of estrus affects the success of Artificial Insemination. This study aimed to determine the relationship between estrus characters before double dose artificial insemination using frozen semen sexing. The research was conducted in Senggreng Village, Sumber Pucung District, Malang Regency. The material was 45 head of Limousin crossbred cow inseminated using sexing semen produced by the Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center (SNAIC). The sexed semen processed with the Percoll Density Gradient Centrifugation (PDGC) method. The average body value of cows between 3-5 (scale 1-9) with an average age of 1.8-7 years, normal reproduction, clear signs of estrus. The reproductive organs were examined by rectal palpation to confirm that the cows are not pregnant. Parameters of estrus character were vulvar color, cervical mucus, vaginal temperature, pH, vulvar swelling, and heat detector value. The result showed that the estrus characters, including vulva color, vulva swelling, cervical mucus, vaginal temperature, cervical mucus pH, and heat detector score in the first and second artificial insemination have a low relationship. The regression models produced can be used but are less precise to estimate the relationship between estrus characters because the coefficient of determination shows a low influence.

Medical Management of Milk Fever in a Crossbred Cow

Background: The livestock sector contributes nearly 17.1% of the value of output at current prices in Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry sector. The overall contribution of Livestock Sector in total GDP was nearly 5.1% during 2019-20. Dairying in India is witnessing transformation from traditional production system to either semi-commercial or commercial production system, which requires high producing dairy animals. Losses associated with milk fever are due to deaths, reduction in the productive lifespan of affected cow and reduction in milk production following each milk fever episode, as well as costs of prevention and treatment. It has been reported that about one in 20 affected cows, dies due to milk fever. Further, milk fever can contribute to dystocia, uterine prolapse, retained fetal membranes, metritis, abomasal displacement and mastitis leading to serious economic loss. Methods: A Jersey crossbred cow on its sixth parity was presented with the history indicated that the animal had calved 45 days ago and was semi-intensively managed. The daily production of milk was abou 15 liters. Physical examination revealed the temperature and pulse rate were within the normal range, but there was increased in respiratory rate and a dehydration status of 5%. The dairy cow was diagnosed with milk fever and treatment was done by slowly infusing 400 ml of Calcium borogluconate into the jugular vein over a period of 10-20 minutes. Intravenous infusion of 1000 ml 0.9% NaCl and 2000 ml of 25% glucose were instituted in order to restore blood glucose level and to correct the dehydration. Result: The animal recovered after the treatment, thus the prognosis was good and supportive therapy was continued for three days and animal had an uneventful recovery.

Surgical management of congenital foetal hydrocephalus in a crossbred cow

A rare case of dystocia due to external congenital hydrocephalic foetus with ankylosis of forelimbs managed by ventral midline surgical approach in a crossbred cow is reported.

An Economic Analysis of Milk Production Across Different Herd Sizes of Buffaloes and Crossbred Cows in Middle Gujarat

Background: Dairy farming has been emerging as an important commercial enterprise in India as milk is an essential commodity where majority of the population is vegetarian. Milk production plays an important role in the rural economy with particular focus on landless, marginal and small farmers who constitute core milk production system in the country. Therefore, the current study was aimed to analyse milk production across different herd sizes of buffaloes and crossbred cows in Middle Gujarat.Methods: This study is based on the primary data collected from the dairy farmers during the agricultural year 2018-19 by interviewing the respondents through a pre-tested structured schedule from 240 respondents spread over 24 villages of Anand, Kheda and Panchmahal districts of Middle Gujarat. Conclusion: The present investigation indicated that for increasing farmer’s income and eventually livelihood, rearing of crossbred cows should be encouraged in the study area as they have edge over buffaloes in net returns. Break-even analysis indicated that crossbred cow owners were able to cover their total expenditure at a lower point than the buffalo owners due to the fact that the crossbred owners realized higher milk production as compared to buffalo owners.

Detection of Reproductive Status in Ongole Crossbred (PO) Cow Based On Vaginal Epithel Morphology and Profile Hormone

Hormonal fluctuations in livestock will affect vaginal cytology good overview on the condition of estrous until pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological condition of Ongole crossbred (PO) cow during estrous and determine pregnancy by the description of vaginal epithelial cells, progesterone, and estrogen hormone profiles. The materials were used 35 cows with physiological status (estrous, 5th pregnancy period, 16th pregnancy period, 22nd pregnancy period, and 60th pregnancy period). Samples of Vaginal smear were stained with Giemsa, then it was observed using a microscope, with 40 times magnification. The progesterone and estrogen were analyzed by the ELISA method. The parameters measured were the percentage of vaginal epithelial cells, such as (parabasal, intermediate, and superficial) started estrous phase until the time of pregnancy in cows (5, 16, 22, and 60 days), hormone concentration, as well as the presence or absence of leukocytes. The result showed the Ongole crossbred cow estrous phase percentage of superficial cells 56.27%±6.49 higher than 26.23%±7.98 intermediate cells, followed by parabasal cells 17.50%±4.74. While in Ongole crossbred that were 5th pregnancy period until the 60th predominantly intermediate cell 80.43%±1.31, then the superficial cells 18.09%±1.30 and 1.48%±0.04 parabasal cells. Progesterone concentration was 63.74±1.07 ng.mL-1 in estrus cows, and steadily increased 93.71±0.94 ng.mL-1 to 149.5±0.71 ng.mL-1 in pregnant cows (5-60 days). The concentration of high estrogen levels were 122.38 ± 0.63 ng.mL-1 in the estrous phase, then decreased 81.54±0.44 ng.mL-1 in the pregnancy phase. In conclusion, the concentration of hormone showed a diagnosis of pregnancy, which done by looking at changes in vaginal epithelial cells at the Ongole crossbred cow, and the cow estrous phase showed greater superficial cells compared by pregnant cows (5-60 days).