Effect of Lysine, Crude Fiber and Free Gossypol in Cottonseed Meal on the Performance of Growing Pigs

1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Knabe ◽  
T. D. Tanksley ◽  
J. H. Hesby
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Free Gossypol ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Crude Fiber

Antibiotic Supplementation of Corn-Cottonseed Meal Rations for Growing Pigs

1954 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
J. L. Fletcher ◽  
B. F. Barrentine
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs

The Optimum Crude Fiber Level in Rations of Growing Pigs

1953 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Axelsson ◽  
Sture Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Crude Fiber

Evaluation of ozone technology as an alternative for degradation of free gossypol in cottonseed meal: a prospective study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Alessandra de Cássia Romero ◽  
Maria Antonia Calori-Domingues ◽  
Adibe Luiz Abdalla ◽  
Pedro Esteves Duarte Augusto
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Free Gossypol ◽  
A Prospective Study

Digestibility of threonine from protein concentrates for growing pigs. 2. The digestibility of threonine to the terminal ileum in pigs given six protein concentrates

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz ◽  
Y Mollah
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Meat Meal

Six male Landrace x Large White pigs (25 kg liveweight) were fitted with T-shape cannulae in the terminal ileum. The pigs were fed 1.2 kg dry matter per day containing 4.5 g threonine/kg of diet from continuous belt feeders. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) to the terminal ileum was 0.91, 0.87, 0.85, 0.81, 0.80 and 0.75 for pigs given diets containing milk, fish meal, soybean meal, meat meal, sunflower meal and cotton seed meal respectively. The apparent digestibility of nitrogen (N) to the terminal ileum was 0.87, 0.87, 0.86, 0.86, 0.81 and 0.74 for pigs given diets containing milk, fish meal, soybean meal, sunflower meal, meat meal and cottonseed meal, respectively. The true digestibility of threonine to the terminal ileum was 0.96, 0.95, 0.90, 0.87, 0.80 and 0.66 for the diets containing milk, fish meal, sunflower meal, soybean meal, meat meal and cottonseed meal, respectively.

Utilization of ileal digestible amino acids by growing pigs: isoleucine

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
L. M. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Two experiments were conducted to determine the utilization of ileal digestible isoleucine by growing pigs. In the first, the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in cottonseed meal, lupin-seed meal and soya-bean meal was determined in pigs fitted with‘T‘-shaped cannulas. In the second, three isoleucine-deficient diets were formulated to 0.23 g ileal digestible isoleucine/MJ digestible energy (DE) with the three protein concentrates contributing the only source of isoleucine in sucrose-based diets. An additional three diets were formulated with supplements of isoleucine to confirm that isoleucine was limiting in the first three diets. The growth performance and retention of isoleucine by pigs given the six diets over the 20–45 kg growth phase were then determined. The apparent ileal digestibility of isoleucine in the three protein concentrates (proportion of total) was: cottonseed meal 0.68, lupin-seed meal 0.86, soya-bean meal 0.86. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in growth rates (g/d) and crude protein deposition rates (g/d) of the pigs given the three diets formulated to 0.23 g ileal digestible isoleucine/MJ DE: cottonseed meal 590, 84; lupin-seed meal 613, 87; soya-bean meal 594, 91 (SEM 13.0, 2.9) respectively. The response of pigs to the addition of isoleucine confirmed that isoleucine was limiting in these diets. The proportion of ileal digestible isoleucine retained by pigs given the cottonseed meal (0.65) was slightly lower than that retained by pigs given soya-bean meal (0.73; P < 0.05). These results indicate that values for the ileal digestibility of isoleucine in protein concentrates more closely reflect the proportion of isoleucine that can be utilized by the pig than occurs for other amino acids such as lysine, threonine and methionine.

scholarly journals Effects of Free Gossypol and Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids Present in the Feed on the Productivity, Quality, Elasticity, and Microstructure of Hens’ Egg

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Chen ◽  
Yinyin Liu ◽  
Lina Ma ◽  
Junhua Pu ◽  
Junxian Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Free Gossypol ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids

Abstract BACKGROUND: Free gossypol (FG) and cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFAs) are two main natural toxins in cottonseed meal(CSM). The increased yolk elasticity under cold storage conditions is related to the excessive CSM in the feed. However, which toxin caused the increased yolk elasticity is still not clear. RESULTS: Our results show that the addition of FG or CPFA to the diet significantly reduced the egg production and feed conversion ratio. Besides, FG also resulted in a decrease in egg weight. The storage of eggs at 4 °C for four weeks resulted in a significant increase in elasticity and a decrease in the concentration of iron and calcium in the boiled yolks of CPFA and CSM groups when compared to the control. CPFA and CSM supplemented groups also showed an increase in pH and content of water in the yolk. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images from the CPFA and CSM groups revealed that the morphology of the vitelline membrane of eggs was characterized by different-sized holes. Furthermore, after four weeks of cold storage, the morphology of the vitelline granules in the CPFA and CSM supplemented groups were damaged; however, there were no significant alterations found in the FG group. CONCLUSION: The main cause of the “sponge-bob egg” effect was the presence of CPFA in cottonseed meal, which causes an increase in permeability of the vitelline membrane in eggs.

Digestibility of threonine from protein concentrates for growing pigs. 1. The flow of endogenous amino acids to the terminal ileum of growing pigs

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz ◽  
Y Mollah
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Endogenous Amino Acids

Six pigs (25 kg initial weight) were fitted with T cannulas in the terminal ileum. Each pig was fed a nitrogen (N) free diet or one of eight diets containing increasing amounts of threonine from milk (four diets) or cottonseed meal (four diets). The flow of endogenous nitrogen from the terminal ileum was 1.1 g/kg dry matter DM intake in the pigs given the nitrogen-free diet and 0.9 g/kg DM intake when estimated by extrapolation in the pigs given the milk or cottonseed meal diet. There were no significant differences in the flow of individual endogenous amino acids from the terminal ileum when measured in pigs given a nitrogen-free diet or when extrapolated from data for pigs given diets containing milk or cottonseed meal. The flow of endogenous threonine from the terminal ileum was between 0.39 and 0.45 g/kg DM intake as estimated in pigs given diets with similar threonine intakes from cottonseed meal or milk and the nitrogen-free diet.

scholarly journals Utilization of ileal digestible amino acids by growing pigs: tryptophan

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
L. M. Andersen ◽  
D. R. Baigent
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

The ileal digestibility of tryptophan for growing pigs was determined for cottonseed, meat-and-bone and soya-bean meals. Tryptophan in the food and digesta was measured by two analytical procedures (NaOH hydrolysis and colorimetric estimation (method 1) and LiOH hydrolysis and HPLC determination (method 2)). The results were respectively: cottonseed meal 0.46, 0.81; meat-and-bone meal 0.55, 0.65; soya-bean meal 0.74, 0.90. In the first experiment the values for method 1 were shown to be inapplicable to pigs. In a second experiment three tryptophan-deficient diets (005 g ileal digestible tryptophan/MJ digestible energy (DE)) were formulated using values from method 2 for cottonseed meal, meat-and-bone meal plus L-tryptophan and soya-bean meal respectively as the only sources of tryptophan in the diets. This experiment was terminated after 28 d as overall growth performance of the pigs was very low. A third experiment was conducted in a similar manner to Expt 2 except that the diets were formulated to 0.065g ileal digestible tryptophan/MJ DE and growth responses and tryptophan retention were assessed over the 20–45 kg growth phase. Growth rates (g.d) of the pigs given the three diets were significantly different (P < 0.01): cottonseed meal 393, meat-and-bone meal plus L-tryptophan 531, soya-bean meal 437 (SED 39.0). Tryptophan retention (as a proportion of ileal digestible tryptophan intake) was significantly different (P < 0.05): cottonseed meal 0.51, meat-and-bone meal plus L-tryptophan 0.49, soya-bean meal 0.41. These results indicate (1) that the colorimetric technique for assessing tryptophan was inapplicable and (2) that ileal digestible values for tryptophan were not suitable for formulating diets containing heat-processed proteins, possibly due to absorption of some of the tryptophan in a form that was non-utilizable, and/or to underestimation of total tryptophan in the protein concentrates.

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