Digestibility of threonine from protein concentrates for growing pigs. 2. The digestibility of threonine to the terminal ileum in pigs given six protein concentrates

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz ◽  
Y Mollah
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Meat Meal

Six male Landrace x Large White pigs (25 kg liveweight) were fitted with T-shape cannulae in the terminal ileum. The pigs were fed 1.2 kg dry matter per day containing 4.5 g threonine/kg of diet from continuous belt feeders. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) to the terminal ileum was 0.91, 0.87, 0.85, 0.81, 0.80 and 0.75 for pigs given diets containing milk, fish meal, soybean meal, meat meal, sunflower meal and cotton seed meal respectively. The apparent digestibility of nitrogen (N) to the terminal ileum was 0.87, 0.87, 0.86, 0.86, 0.81 and 0.74 for pigs given diets containing milk, fish meal, soybean meal, sunflower meal, meat meal and cottonseed meal, respectively. The true digestibility of threonine to the terminal ileum was 0.96, 0.95, 0.90, 0.87, 0.80 and 0.66 for the diets containing milk, fish meal, sunflower meal, soybean meal, meat meal and cottonseed meal, respectively.

Digestibility of threonine from protein concentrates for growing pigs. 1. The flow of endogenous amino acids to the terminal ileum of growing pigs

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz ◽  
Y Mollah
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Endogenous Amino Acids

Six pigs (25 kg initial weight) were fitted with T cannulas in the terminal ileum. Each pig was fed a nitrogen (N) free diet or one of eight diets containing increasing amounts of threonine from milk (four diets) or cottonseed meal (four diets). The flow of endogenous nitrogen from the terminal ileum was 1.1 g/kg dry matter DM intake in the pigs given the nitrogen-free diet and 0.9 g/kg DM intake when estimated by extrapolation in the pigs given the milk or cottonseed meal diet. There were no significant differences in the flow of individual endogenous amino acids from the terminal ileum when measured in pigs given a nitrogen-free diet or when extrapolated from data for pigs given diets containing milk or cottonseed meal. The flow of endogenous threonine from the terminal ileum was between 0.39 and 0.45 g/kg DM intake as estimated in pigs given diets with similar threonine intakes from cottonseed meal or milk and the nitrogen-free diet.

Studies on pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas. 2. Disappearance of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids from diets containing different protein sources

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Alimon ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Meat Meal

Quantitative estimates of disappearances of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids anterior to the mid-point and terminal ileumof the small intestine were made in pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas and offered six diets containing wheat alone or supplemented with either meat meal, fish meal, peanut meal, soybean meal or sunflower meal. Apparent digestibilities of dietary dry matter and nitrogen were also estimated by faecal measurements. Disappearance of dry matter and nitrogen was greater anterior to the mid-point than at the end of the small intestine and the rectum. Amounts disappearing at each location and between the three locations differed significantly between protein sources. Up to 10% of dietary dry matter and nitrogen disappeared in the large intestine. For lysine, methionine, threonine and valine, absorption was greater anterior than posterior to the midpoint of the small intestine for all diets except that containing only wheat. Measurements made of the disappearance of amino acids anterior to the large intestine indicated that the apparent availability of the majority of ammo acids of peanut meal, followed by soybean meal, was greater than those of meat meal (52 % crude protein) and fish meal (50 % crude protein).

scholarly journals Availability of lysine in protein concentrates as determined by the slope-ratio assay with chicks and comparisons with rat, pig and chemical assays

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Major ◽  
E. S. Batterham
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

1. A slope-ratio assay was developed to determine the availability of lysine in protein concentrates for chicks, Two protein concentrates were assessed per assay, using three levels of incorporation into the basal diet.2. Availability of lysine, expressed as a proportion of total lysine in five protein concentrates was: cottonseed meal 0·83, fish meal 1·00, meat-and-bone meal 0·86, soya-bean meal 0·93, sunflower meal 1·01.3. The five protein concentrates had previously been assayed for available lysine with slope-ratio assays for pies and rats (Batterham et al. 1979; Batterharn et al. 1981), There was little relationship between the results for chicks and those for pigs and rats. For pigs, availability estimates ranged from 0·43 for cottonseed meal to 0·89 for fish meal. For rats, availability estimates ranged from 0·49 for sunflower meal to 1·04 for fish meal.4. The results for chicks were in closer agreement with values obtained using the Silcock available-lysine assay (Roach et al. 1967) and the direct 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene procedure (Carpenter, 1960). By contrast, there was litlle relationship between the chemical tests and results for pigs or rats.

NUTRIENT UTILIZATION EXPERIMENTS WITH GROWING PIGS FED DIETS CONTAINING FROM 0 TO 20% KELP (NEREOCYSTIS LUETKEANA) MEAL

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. BEAMES ◽  
R. M. TAIT ◽  
J. N. C. WHYTE ◽  
J. R. ENGLAR
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Nereocystis Luetkeana ◽  
Different Levels

Two groups, each of six male castrated pigs, ranging in weight from 37 to 56 kg, were used in a nutrient balance experiment designed to study the effect of adding different levels of kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana) meal to a mineral–vitamin fortified diet of barley and soybean meal. The kelp meal showed a negative nitrogen digestibility ranging from 1.9 to 4.7 g fecal nitrogen loss/100 g dry kelp intake. Organic matter digestibility of kelp, calculated by difference, varied from −26.7 to −0.2%. Kelp ash comprised 46.1% of kelp dry matter and had a high digestibility resulting from high levels of chlorine, potassium and sodium (22.2, 11.7 and 9.1 g/100 g dry kelp, respectively). The apparent digestibility of these ions was 101.5, 90.9 and 87.1%, respectively, in the 20% kelp meal diet. Digestibility of iodine for the four diets containing kelp ranged from 74.8 to 80.1%. It was concluded that any value of kelp meal must be other than as a source of macronutrients.

Locally produced cottonseed meal for growing pigs

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham ◽  
FS Shenstone
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Gross Energy

The nutritive value of locally produced cottonseed meal, incorporated at a level of 10 per cent in wheat based diets, was compared with meat and bone meal and soybean meal for growing pigs. The effect of adding synthetic lysine to the cottonseed meal diet was also observed. The diets were fed at restricted rates and pig performance was assessed over the 18 to 45 kg, 45 to 73 kg, and 18 to 73 kg growth phases. Cottonseed meal was of similar nutritive value to meat and bone meal and the addition of lysine increased growth and feed conversion during the 18 to 45 kg growth phase. Soybean meal produced similar gains to the cottonseed meal plus lysine diet during the 18 to 45 kg range, but greater gains than the other three diets over the 18 to 73 kg range. Carcase quality was similar for all four diets. With cottonseed meal there was an increase in the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in the backfat of the pigs due to cyclopropene fatty acids in the residual oil in the meal. The metabolizable energy values of the diets were approximately 96.7 per cent of the digestible energy values and there was a significant correlation between them (r = 0.94). The correlation between digestible energy values estimated by the methods (gross energy in the feed X dry matter digestibility) and (gross energy in feed - gross energy in faeces/dry matter intake) was significant (r = 0.92).

Studies on pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas. 1. Effects of protein source on flow rates of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids in digesta

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Alimon ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
High Concentrations

Eleven pigs were fed on one of six diets containing wheat alone or supplemented with either meat meal, fish meal, peanut meal, soybean meal or sunflower meal. Digesta were collected from the re-entrant cannulas at the mid-point and the terminal ileum of the small intestine at 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 h after feeding. Measurements were made of flow rates of digesta, dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids at both locations in the small intestine. Peak values were usually observed for all parameters, at 2 h and from 4 to 6 h after feeding, at the mid-point and the terminal ileum respectively. Flow rates and the amounts of components in digests were often characteristic of the protein source in the diet and the location of the cannula. High concentrations of some free amino acids were observed in digesta at the mid-point, and lower concentrations at the terminal ileum in the small intestine; the significance of endogenous secretions in the small intestine is discussed.

Nutritional evaluation of six protein concentrates for the pig

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Kondos
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Percentage Basis ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Head Protein

Experiments with growing pigs fed isonitrogenous diets were done to compare the nutritional value of two new protein sources, blood protein (globulin) and prawn-head protein concentrate, with that of soybean meal (extracted), meat meal (54 per cent CP), casein and gluten. Growth performance results expressed on a percentage basis of animals given the control diet rated as follows: soybean meal 90 per cent, blood protein and casein 82 per cent, meat meal 75 per cent, prawn-head meal 70 per cent and gluten 63 per cent. From results on growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion and amino acids profiles, the two non-conventional protein concentrates appeared to be suitable for inclusion in the diets of monogastric animals.

scholarly journals An evaluation of total lysine as a predictor of lysine status in protein concentrates for growing pigs

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
R. D. Murison ◽  
C. E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
Bio Assay

1. Eight protein concentrates were compared on a total lysine basis in lysine-deficient diets for pigs during the 20–45 kg growth phase. Each diet was also supplemented with free lysine to verify that lysine was the first limiting amino acid.2. With fish meal, skim-milk powder, rapeseed meal and soya-bean meal growth rates and feed conversion efficiencies were similar and superior (P < 0.05) to those produced with cottonseed meal, two meat meals and sunflower meal.3. The response to added free lysine confirmed that lysine was the first limiting amino acid in all diets except skim milk, where the growth response was not significant (P < 0.05).4. The growth response of the pigs indicated that the availability of lysine in cottonseed meal, the two meat meals and sunflower meal was reduced by approximately 60% compared to that in the other protein concentrates.5. Rat bio-assay estimates of the availability of lysine in the protein concentrates were in general agreement with those calculated from the response of pigs. There was little relationship between the Silcock estimates for lysine availability for the cottonseed, meat meals or sunflower meal relative to either the rat bio-assay estimates or the response of pigs.

scholarly journals The availability of lysine in diets for pigs: comparative methodology

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Weaner Pigs

Four experiments were conducted to compare different methods for estimating the availability of lysine in protein feeds. The same feeds were used in all experiments. In the first experiment the apparent digestibility of lysine to the ileum of growing pigs was found to be 0.92, 0.69, 0.73, 0.85, 0.84 and 0.97 for soya-bean meal, cottonseed meal 1, cottonseed meal 2, meat meal, sunflower meal and skim milk respectively. In the second experiment the utilization of lysine (relative to free lysine) for weight gain, as measured in weaner pigs, was found to be 0.68, 0.73, 0.81, 0.86 and 1.00 for cottonseed meal 1, cottonseed meal 2, meat meal, sunflower meal and skim milk respectively. In Expt 3 diets were formulated to contain soya-bean meal, sunflower meal or cottonseed meal 2 with the same available lysine content from the measurements made in Expts 1 and 2. The feed conversion ratios of weaner pigs given these diets were similar for the three sources of protein when the values were adjusted for the differences in digestible dry matter intake. In the fourth experiment isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated with increasing amounts of lysine from synthetic lysine or cottonseed meal 2. The diets were given to weaner pigs and resulted in a curvilinear response to lysine particularly for the cottonseed meal, so that the availability of lysine in cottonseed meal was similar to that of synthetic lysine at low lysine intakes and much lower than synthetic lysine at higher lysine intakes. Possible reasons for the curvilinear responses are discussed.

scholarly journals PSIV-21 Pellet processing reduces variability of corn soybean meal-based diet digestibility in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Chassé ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
The One

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on the digestibility of corn-soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. Two trials with 6 pigs cannulated at the distal ileum were conducted. In each trial, pigs were assigned to each treatment following a crossover design. In each experiment, the same diet, composed of corn and soybean meal with 10% wheat from two different feed mills, was served in pellet or mash form. Pelleting allowed an increase in digestibility in one of the trials. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) were improved with pelleting by 8, 12 and 9% (P&lt; 0.01). The AID of amino acids (AA) was also improved (P&lt; 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was increased by pelleting in DM, CP and DE by 5, 7 and 6% respectively (P&lt; 0.01). The digestibility of the mash diet in experiment 1 was lower than in the pelleted diet in the experiment 1 and both diets in experiment 2 as shown by the interaction Pelleting X Trial which was significant for the AID and ATTD of DM, CP and DE (P&lt; 0.01). Therefore, in experiment 1, pelleting allows to improve the digestibility of diet to the same level as in experiment 2. The AID of CP was higher by 37% in the mash diet from the second experiment compared to the one in the first experiment. Even though the same ingredients were chosen in the two experiments, this shows the variability in digestibility existing between different feed mills and ingredient sources. This difference was not observed in pelleted diets. The results obtained in these two trials show that pelleting can reduce the variability of digestibility and then give a good digestibility of diets even if the ingredients are of different quality or sources.

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