BASIC POSITIONS OF THE ENTHALPY-ENTROPY METHODOLOGY OF THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF GAS TURBINE POWER PLANTS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennadii Liubchik ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Fialko ◽  
Aboubakr Regragui ◽  
Nataliia Meranova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Thermal Entropy ◽  
Nodal Points ◽  
Computational Diagnostics

The basic positions of the enthalpy-entropy methodology of thermodynamic modeling of processes in gas turbine units (GTUs) and combined power plants on basis GTUs are presented. The main requirements and conditions of this methodology are formulated, they allows the construction of a sequential (without iterations) algorithm for the computational diagnostics of the thermodynamic parameters of the GTU cycle, which includes the calculation blocks for the compressor, combustion chamber, turbine, and exhaust tube of the GTU. The obtained regression equations are presented. The use of these equations simplifies of the procedure for evaluating the thermodynamic parameters of the components at the nodal points of the cycle. The advantages of the proposed methodology in comparison with the traditional thermal-entropy methodology are indicated.

FEATURES OF THE METHODOLOGY OF THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF GAS TURBINE AND COMBINED ON THEIR BASIS POWER PLANTS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennadii Liubchik ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Fialko ◽  
Aboubakr Regragui ◽  
Julii Sherenkovskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Technical Facility

The article presents the enthalpy-entropy methodology of thermodynamic analysis of gas turbine and combined power plants on their basis, the results of testing the method on a real technical facility, proving its high efficiency.

Exergy, Exergoeconomic and Exergoenvironomic Analyses of Selected Gas Turbine Power Plants in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Olayiwola Fagbenle ◽  
Sunday Sam Adefila ◽  
Sunday Oyedepo ◽  
Moradeyo Odunfa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Exergy Destruction

Energy supply trends as well as environmental regulations and climate change issues have made it necessary to closely scrutinize the way energy is utilized. Efficient energy utilization thus requires paying more attention to accurate and advanced thermodynamic analysis of thermal systems. Hence, methods aimed at evaluating the performances of energy systems take into account the Energy, Environment and Economics. Therefore, the first and second law of thermodynamics combined with economics and environmental impact represents a very powerful tool for the systematic study and optimization of energy systems. In this study, a thermodynamic analysis of eleven selected gas turbine power plants in Nigeria was carried out using the first and second laws of thermodynamics, economic and environmental impact concepts. Exergetic, exergo-economic and exergo-environmental analyses were conducted using operating data obtained from the power plants to determine the exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of each major component of the gas turbine in each power plant. The exergy analysis confirmed that the combustion chamber is the most exergy destructive component compared to other cycle components as expected. The percentage exergy destruction in combustion chamber varied between 86.05 and 94.6%. Increasing the gas turbine inlet temperature (GTIT), the exergy destruction of this component can be reduced. Exergo-economic analysis showed that the cost of exergy destruction is high in the combustion chamber and by increasing the GTIT effectively decreases this cost. The exergy costing analysis revealed that the unit cost of electricity produced in the plants ranged from cents 1.88/kWh (₦2.99/kWh) to cents 5.65/kWh (₦8.98/kWh). Exergo-environmental analysis showed that the CO2 emissions varied between 100.18 to 408.78 kgCO2/MWh while cost rate of environmental impact varied from 40.18 $/h (N6, 388.62/h) to 276.97 $/h (N44, 038.23/h). The results further showed that CO2 emissions and cost of environmental impact decrease with increasing GTIT.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Intercooled Gas-Steam Combined and Steam Injected Gas Turbine Power Plants

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yadav ◽  
Sunil Kumar Jumhare ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Samir Saraswati
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Surface Type ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Current Emphasis ◽  
Plant Efficiency

The current emphasis on the development of gas turbine related power plants such as combined and steam injected is on increasing the plant efficiency and specific work while minimizing the cost of power production per kW and emission. The present work deals with the thermodynamic analysis of intercooled (both surface and evaporative) gas/steam combined and steam injected cycle power plants. The intercooling has a beneficial effect on both plant efficiency and specific work if the optimum intercooling pressure is chosen between 3 and 4. The evaporative intercooler is superior to surface type with reference to plant efficiency and specific work.

A Thermodynamic Analysis of Different Options to Break 60% Electric Efficiency in Combined Cycle Power Plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 770-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Chiesa ◽  
Ennio Macchi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Large Size

All major manufacturers of large size gas turbines are developing new techniques aimed at achieving net electric efficiency higher than 60% in combined cycle applications. An essential factor for this goal is the effective cooling of the hottest rows of the gas turbine. The present work investigates three different approaches to this problem: (i) the most conventional open-loop air cooling; (ii) the closed-loop steam cooling for vanes and rotor blades; (iii) the use of two independent closed-loop circuits: steam for stator vanes and air for rotor blades. Reference is made uniquely to large size, single shaft units and performance is estimated through an updated release of the thermodynamic code GS, developed at the Energy Department of Politecnico di Milano. A detailed presentation of the calculation method is given in the paper. Although many aspects (such as reliability, capital cost, environmental issues) which can affect gas turbine design were neglected, thermodynamic analysis showed that efficiency higher than 61% can be achieved in the frame of current, available technology.

Evaluation of Advanced Combined Cycle Power Plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Kail
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steam Quality ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Steam Cooling

This report will analyse and evaluate the most recent and significant trends in combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant configurations. The various enhancements will be compared with the ‘simple’ gas turbine. The first trend, a gas turbine with reheat, cannot convert its better efficiency and higher output into a lower cost of electrical power. The additional investments required as well as increased maintenance costs will neutralize all the thermodynamic performance advantages. The second concept of cooling the turbine blades with steam puts very stringent requirements on the blade materials, the steam quality and the steam cooling system design. Closed-loop steam cooling of turbine blades offers cost advantages only if all its technical problems can be solved and the potential risks associated with the process can be eliminated through long demonstration programmes in the field. The third configuration, a gas turbine with a closed-loop combustion chamber cooling system, appears to be less problematic than the previous, steam-cooled turbine blades. In comparison with an open combustion chamber cooling system, this solution is more attractive due to better thermal performance and lower emissions. Either air or steam can be used as the cooling fluid.

Exergoeconomic analysis and performance assessment of selected gas turbine power plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.O. Oyedepo ◽  
R.O. Fagbenle ◽  
S.S. Adefila ◽  
Md. Mahbub Alam
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Improvement Potential ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Exergoeconomic Analysis ◽  
The Cost

In this study, exergoeconomic analysis and performance evaluation of selected gas turbine power plants in Nigeria were carried out. The study was conducted using operating data obtained from the power plants to determine the exergy efficiency, exergy destruction, unit cost of electricity and cost of exergy destruction of the major components of a gas turbine engine in the selected power plants. The results of exergy analysis confirmed that the combustion chamber is the most exergy destructive component compared to other cycle components as expected. The total efficiency defects and overall exergetic efficiency of the selected power plants vary from 38.64 to 69.33% and 15.66 to 30.72% respectively. The exergy analysis further shows that the exergy improvement potential of the selected plants varies from 54.04 MW to 159.88 MW. The component with the highest exergy improvement potential is the combustion chamber and its value varies from 30.21 MW to 88.86 MW. The results of exergoeconomic analysis show that the combustion chamber has the greatest cost of exergy destruction compared to other components. Increasing the gas turbine inlet temperature (GTIT), both the exergy destruction and the cost of exergy destruction of this component were found to decrease. The results of this study revealed that an increase in the GTIT of about 200 K can lead to a reduction of about 29% in the cost of exergy destruction. From exergy costing analysis, the unit cost of electricity produced in the selected power plants varies from cents 1.99 /kWh (N3.16 /kWh) to cents 5.65 /kWh (N8.98 /kWh).

Efficiency Optimization of Four Gas Turbine Power Plant Configurations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Almodarra ◽  
Abdullah Alabdulkarem
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Conjugate Directions ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

Gas turbine power plants fueled by natural gas are common due to their quick start-up operation and low emissions compared with steam power plants that are directly fired. However, the efficiency of basic gas turbine power plant is considered low. Any improvement in the efficiency would result in fuel savings as well as reduction in CO2 emissions. One way to improve the efficiency is to utilize exhaust gas waste heat. Two waste heat utilization options were considered. The first option was to run a steam power plant (i.e. combined cycle power plant) while the other option was to use a regenerator which reduces the size of the combustion chamber. The regenerator utilizes the waste heat to preheat the compressed air before the combustion chamber. In addition, the efficiency can be improved with compressor intercooling and turbine reheating. In this paper, four gas turbine power plant configurations were investigated and optimized to find the maximum possible efficiency for each configuration. The configurations are (1) basic gas turbine, (2) combined cycle, (3) advanced combined cycle and (4) gas turbine with regenerator, intercooler and reheater. The power plants were modeled in EES software and the basic model was validated against vendor’s data (GE E-class gas turbine Model 7E) with good agreement. Maximum discrepancy was only 3%. The optimization was carried out using conjugate directions method and improvements in the baseline design were as high as 25%. The paper presents the modeling work, baseline designs, optimization and analysis of the optimization results using T-s diagrams. The efficiency of the optimized configurations varied from 49% up 65%.

A Thermodynamic Analysis of Different Options to Break 60% Electric Efficiency in Combined Cycle Power Plants

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Chiesa ◽  
Ennio Macchi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Large Size

All major manufacturers of large size gas turbines are developing new techniques aimed at achieving net electric efficiency higher than 60% in combined cycle applications. An essential factor for this goal is the effective cooling of the hottest rows of the gas turbine. The present work investigates three different approaches to this problem: (i) the most conventional open-loop air cooling; (ii) the closed-loop steam cooling for vanes and rotor blades; (iii) the use of two independent closed-loop circuits: steam for stator vanes and air for rotor blades. Reference is made uniquely to large size, single shaft units and performance is estimated through an updated release of the thermodynamic code GS, developed at the Energy Dept. of Politecnico di Milano. A detailed presentation of the calculation method is given in the paper. Although many aspects (such as reliability, capital cost, environmental issues) which can affect gas turbine design were neglected, thermodynamic analysis showed that efficiency higher than 61% can be achieved in the frame of current, available technology.

scholarly journals Universal Combustion Chamber for Utilization of Petroleum Gases of Different Composition and Heat Output

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Shilova ◽  
◽  
Nikolai Bachev ◽  
Oleg Matyunin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Balance Equation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Secondary Air

When developing micro-gas turbine power plants, it is necessary to have universal two-zone combustion chambers for utilizing petroleum gases of different composition and heat output at different oil deposits. In the combustion zone, the excess air ratio is selected from the interval between the lower and upper concentration limits of combustion. In the dilution zone by supplying secondary air, the working fluid with specified parameters is prepared for supply to the turbine. The excess air coefficient at the exit from the combustion chamber is determined from the energy balance equation and depends on the air and fuel gas parameters at the entrance to the combustion chamber and on the temperature of the working fluid at the entrance to the turbine. The purpose of this work is to develop recommendations for creating a universal combustion chamber for combustion of fuel gases of different composition and heat output. This goal is achieved by selecting the diameter of the chamber in order to ensure the required ratios between the average flow rate of the combustible air mixture and the rate of turbulent combustion, at which a stable position of the flame front is observed. The most noticeable result of the research conducted is substantiation of the possibility of using a universal combustion chamber with constant dimensions in utilization gas turbine installations designed for burning nonstandard fuel gases with ballasting components content up to 70%, which will reduce the time and cost of development and implementation of these installations.

The Development of Gas Turbine Power Plants for Traction Purposes in Germany

1947 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Bright
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Type ◽  
Salient Features

The simpler and cheaper construction, and the prospect of using fuel of low quality and of considerably increasing the power-to-weight and power-to-volume ratios of the power unit, led the Germans towards the end of the war to investigate the possibility of using gas turbines for land traction units. It was expected by them that they would be able to employ this new type of power plant for a variety of ground traction purposes, but, owing to their total national mobilization, the most important immediate applications they had in mind were for war purposes. It is considered that the information obtained and given in this paper may prove a useful background when considering the possibilities of future development of gas turbine power plants. The various arrangements possible, using either one single turbine, or separate turbines to drive the compressor and provide the output of useful work, were considered by the Germans and a résumé is therefore made of the characteristics of each. In addition, the salient features of the components—compressor, turbines, and combustion chamber—and their development for the purposes which the Germans had in mind, are given.

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