ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PNEUMOCOCCAL ISOLATES FROM NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT HIV

Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus azithromycin (AZ) (SPAZ) has the potential for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp), but its use could increase circulation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with severe pediatric infections. We evaluated the effect of monthly SPAZ-IPTp compared to a single course of SP plus chloroquine (SPCQ) on maternal nasopharyngeal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility ofStreptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae, andStaphylococcus aureusat delivery among 854 women participating in a randomized controlled trial in Papua New Guinea. Serotyping was performed, and antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by disk diffusion and Etest. Potential risk factors for carriage were examined. Nasopharyngeal carriage at delivery ofS. pneumoniae(SPAZ, 7.2% [30/418], versus SPCQ, 19.3% [84/436];P< 0.001) andH. influenzae(2.9% [12/418] versus 6.0% [26/436],P= 0.028), but notS. aureus, was significantly reduced among women who had received SPAZ-IPTp. The number of macrolide-resistant pneumococcal isolates was small but increased in the SPAZ group (13.3% [4/30], versus SPCQ, 2.2% [2/91];P= 0.033). The proportions of isolates with serotypes covered by the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine were similar (SPAZ, 10.3% [3/29], versus SPCQ, 17.6% [16/91];P= 0.352). Although macrolide-resistant isolates were rare, they were more commonly detected in women who had received SPAZ-IPTp, despite the significant reduction of maternal carriage ofS. pneumoniaeandH. influenzaeobserved in this group. Future studies on SPAZ-IPTp should evaluate carriage and persistence of macrolide-resistantS. pneumoniaeand other pathogenic bacteria in both mothers and infants and assess the clinical significance of their circulation.

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CHANGES IN ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PNEUMOCOCCAL STRAINS FROM NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE IN CHIDREN WITH ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA (AOM): TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF A 16 YEARS SURVEY

10.26226/morressier.5ad774e1d462b80296ca6e92 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Naim Ouldali

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Time Series Analysis ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽

Series Analysis

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Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among Vietnamese adults: prevalence, risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility profile

MedPharmRes ◽

10.32895/ump.mpr.2.2.21 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 21-31

Author(s):

Nguyen Phan ◽

Hien Pham ◽

Thuc Nguyen ◽

Hoai Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

High Rate ◽

Weight History ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

History Of ◽

Vietnamese Community

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has long been recognized as an important human pathogen causing many severe diseases. It is also a part of human normal flora with its ecological niche in the human anterior nares. This study focused on screening S. aureus nasal carriage in community and its relationship to human physiological and pathological factors which have not been studied in Vietnam previously. Two hundred and five volunteers in Ho Chi Minh City from 18 to 35 and over 59 years old both male and female participated in the study. Result showed that the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage in southern Vietnamese community was relatively low, only 11.2% (23/205), much lower than that in other international reports on human S. aureus. In addition, nasal carriage of the older age group (> 59 years old, 13.7%) was higher than that of younger age (18-35 years old, 10.4%). Other potential risk factors such as gender, career, height, weight, history of antibiotic usage, daily nasal wash, use of nasal medication sprays, acne problems, smoking and nasal problems showed no significant impact on S. aureus carriage. The obtained S. aureus nasal isolates were all sensitive to vancomycin. Lincomycin and tetracycline had low resistance rate with 4.3 % and 17.4 %, respectively. However, the isolates showed particularly high rate of multidrug resistance (54.2%) In summary, our data provided researchers an overview on S. aureus nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the community- isolated S. aureus in Vietnam. This would serve as valuable information on assessing risk of community-acquired S. aureus infections.

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