THE LUMINAL A BREAST CANCER METASTATIC BEHAVIOUR BETWEEN PERITUMORAL LYMPHANGIOSIS CARCINOMATOSA AND AXILLAR LYMPH NODES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Macicasan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Lymphangiosis Carcinomatosa

scholarly journals Nodal status in luminal A invasive breast cancer: relationships with cytotoxic CD8 + and regulatory FOXP3 + cells tumor-associated infiltrate and other prognostic factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Glajcar ◽  
Agnieszka Łazarczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Ewa Tyrak ◽  
Diana Hodorowicz-Zaniewska ◽  
Joanna Streb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Metastatic Lymph Nodes ◽  
Metastatic Lymph

AbstractLuminal A breast cancers are generally associated with low metastatic potential and good prognosis. However, there is a proportion of patients, who present with metastases in lymph nodes. The aim of our study was to determine the association between the number of positive lymph nodes and infiltrates of tumor-associated cytotoxic CD8 + (CTLs), regulatory FOXP3 + T cells (Tregs), as well as other prognostic factors. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD8 + and FOXP3 + was performed in 87 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary breast cancer tissues, and cell infiltrate was assessed under light microscope. We observed that node-positive cases were associated with higher numbers of Treg cells and lower CTL/Treg ratio. There was also an inverse correlation between the CTL/Treg ratio and the number of metastatic lymph nodes. Similar relationships were found between the number of metastatic lymph nodes and Treg density or CTL/Treg ratio in pT1 BC. An elevated intratumoral CTL/Treg ratio was associated with pN0 stage. The relationship between lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and Treg density was also noted in node-negative tumors. In addition, more advanced nodal stage was related to LVI, higher pT, and lower PR expression. The numbers of CD8 + and FOXP3 + were also associated with tumor size, histologic grade, PR expression, and mitotic index. The results of our study suggested that the levels of tumor-infiltrating regulatory and cytotoxic cells as well as the balance between them play a role in lymphovascular spread of luminal A breast cancers.

scholarly journals Serum HIF-1α and TGFβ1 levels depending on the clinical and morphological characteristics of breast cancer and sensitivity of tumor to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Zubareva ◽  
M. A. Senchukova ◽  
E. V. Virich ◽  
M. R. Zubarev ◽  
M. A. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Grade Iii

Purpose of the study. To assess the serum levels of HIF-1 α and TGF-β1 in patients with invasive breast cancer (BC) depending on the clinical and morphological characteristics, molecular biological subtypes and the degree of pathological response (PR) of the tumor and metastases in the regional lymph nodes.Materials and methods. 65 patients with newly diagnosed invasive BC, of whom 32 received from 6 to 8 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (neo-A-CT) were included in this pilot study. The levels of TGF-β1 and HIF-1α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 12.0 software.Results. It was found that a high level of TGF-[31 was significantly more often observed in HER2-positive and I-IIa stages of luminal A and triple-negative BC (p = 0.01). HIF-1a levels were significantly higher in the presence of distant metastases (p = 0.04) and slightly higher in the presence of microcalcifications on mammograms (p = 0.07).The analysis showed that patients with grade III-IV of PR in tumor were significantly younger (p = 0.047). Grade III-IV of PR in tumor was significantly more often observed in G3 (p = 0.05), in Her2-positive and triple negative BC (p = 0.01), in the absence of perineural (p = 0.002) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (p = 0.045), in the presence of lymphoid infiltration (p = 0.011) and microcalcifications in the tumor (p = 0.043), and slightly higher in ductal BC (p = 0.08). No significant correlations were found between the levels of TGF-p1 and HIF-1a and tumor PR (p = 0.6 and p = 0.9, respectively). However, in patients with grade III-IV of PR in regional metastases, the level of TGFb1 was significantly lower than in patients with grade I-II (p = 0.03).Conclusions. Thus, these data indicate the presence of correlations between the levels of HIF-1 α and TGF-β1 in the blood serum and a number of clinical characteristics of BC. The highest levels of HIF-1α are observed in the presence of distant metastases, and the highest levels of TGF-β1 are noted in HER2-positive and I-IIa stages of luminal A and triple-negative breast cancer. Given the presence of significant correlations between the level of TGF-β1 and the degree of PR in regional lymph nodes, its determination may be useful for assessing the sensitivity of metastases to regional lymph nodes to the neo-A-CT.

scholarly journals Adjuvant chemotherapy may improve survival of patients with luminal A breast cancer and positive lymph nodes

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 8563-8573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Han ◽  
Q. Li ◽  
B.H. Xu ◽  
P. Zhang ◽  
P. Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Positive Lymph Nodes

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF PRIMARY BREAST CANCER AND METACHRONOUS OVARIAN AND ENDOMETRIAL TUMORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Kryzhanivska ◽  
I B Dyakiv ◽  
I Kyshakevych
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Receptor Phenotype ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Metachronous Tumors

The aim of the study was to assess the patterns of development of metachronous cancer (endometrial cancer, EC, and ovarian cancer, OC) in breast cancer (BC) patients dependent of receptor phenotype of breast tumors. Materials and Methods: In the study, 63 patients with ВС, who developed metachronous EC (n = 47) or OC (n = 16) were enrolled. Expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER/2neu was assessed using immunohistochemical approach. Results: BC in patients with metachronous EC and OC was characterized by a different frequency of molecular subtypes with the dominance of luminal A (36%) and B (43%) subtypes. In primary BC, we have established a correlation between ER expression and regional lymph nodes status (r = −0.50, p < 0.05); negative correlation between HER2/neu expression and tumor stage (r = −0.48, p < 0.05); between the molecular subtype of BC and its size (r = −0.33, p <0.05), the molecular subtype of primary BC and metastases in regional lymph nodes (r = 0.27, p <0.05). In the patients with luminal subtype BC metachronous tumors developed with the highest frequency (OC — 50%, EC — 50%). After treatment of primary BC metachronous tumors developed at different period: EC (22.2%) — most often in 3–5 years, OC (11.0%) — after 10 years and more. Conclusion: Our data evidence on the clinical significance of the individual characteristics of the BC, especially its molecular subtype, and the need to calculate the personalized risk of development of metachronous tumors of the reproductive system in patients with the BC.

scholarly journals Difference between Luminal A and Luminal B Subtypes According to Ki-67, Tumor Size, and Progesterone Receptor Negativity Providing Prognostic Information

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. CMO.S18006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorka Inic ◽  
Milan Zegarac ◽  
Momcilo Inic ◽  
Ivan Markovic ◽  
Zoran Kozomara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference

Background The St. Gallen International Expert Consensus of 2011 proposes a new classification system for breast cancer based on its division into five subgroups. The criteria to identify these subtypes were recently refined at the 2013 Conference. In this respect, the authors of this paper have conducted a retrospective analysis of breast cancer subtypes, related to Ki-67 and involvement of the axillary lymph nodes (ALNs). The analysis was performed only in the cases of invasive breast cancer in the pT2 stages. The research and results of the paper have shown that investigating the value of these parameters could be of great benefit in future treatment strategies of invasive breast cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis of breast cancer subtypes, tumor nodal metastatic staging, and histopathological grading of 108 cases has been performed according to the methods recommended and provided by the St. Gallen International Expert Consensus Report, 2011. The estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), and Ki-67 of 108 tumor samples were all investigated by immunohistochemistry according to the methods used to classify breast cancer subtypes as proposed in the St. Gallen Consensus Report, 2011. Invasive breast cancers (n = 108) were immunohistochemically classified as follows: 28 (25.92%) as Luminal A, 51 (47.22%) as Luminal B (HER2 negative), 21 (19.44%) as Luminal B-like (HER2 negative), 2 (1.85%) as HER2 positive, and 6 (5.55%) as being a triple-negative subtype. Results The conclusion was made that when Ki-67 was found to be higher, patients also showed a higher involvement in their ALNs. The chi-square test shows the difference to be significant (chi-square = 4.757; P = 0.029). Luminal B subtypes had the highest percentage (54.9%) of involvement of lymph nodes when compared to the other four subtypes. The Luminal B subtype had a higher percentage (51.4%) of involvement of lymph nodes than did Luminal A (10.7%). The chi-square test also shows the difference to be significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion A combination of the Ki-67 index, HER negative tumors, PR negativity, and a low value that can be used to segregate ER positive pT2 tumors into prognostically significantly different clinical outcomes may be utilized clinically to guide patient management in accordance with these tumor characteristics.

scholarly journals Synchronous thyroid gland metastases from breast cancer. Case reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
Nikolai A. Ognerubov ◽  
Tatyana S. Antipova ◽  
Elena E. Palkina
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Pet Ct

Background. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women. Distant metastases in different organs, including the thyroid gland, are still an urgent problem. Distant metastases are very rare in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the accumulated clinical and surgical experience in treatment has shown that breast cancer is the second most common primary tumor, leading to thyroid gland metastases, after kidney cancer. Aim. Present the clinical observations of synchronous thyroid gland metastases from breast cancer. Materials and methods. We observed two patients, aged 55 and 72 years, suffering from metastatic breast cancer with simultaneous metastases to the thyroid gland, to the cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes, to the lungs, to the ovaries and to the bones. Results. A 55-year-old woman with a left sided neck mass and hoarseness has been suffering from the metastatic breast cancer with simultaneous metastases to the thyroid gland, to the cervical lymph nodes, to the lungs, to the ovaries and to the bones. The biopsy of the primary tumor has been performed. The tumor has the structure of invasive ductal carcinoma, G2, luminal A subtype, HER2-negative type in histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The spread of the tumor has been determined by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Metastases from breast cancer have been cytologically proven during thin needle biopsy. A 72-year-old woman with a mass in the region of thyroid gland has been suffering from breast cancer with metastases to the thyroid gland, to the mediastinal and cervical lymph nodes, to the bones, and to determine this process PET/CT, the thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy and core biopsy of primary tumor have been applied. The histological variant was represented by invasive ductal cancer, G2, luminal A subtype, HER-2 negative type. Taking into account the spread of the process, the patients were given polychemotherapy, targeted therapy and hormone therapy. There is no disease progression for 6 months. Conclusion. Synchronous thyroid gland metastases in case of primary breast tumors are rare. In such cases, PET/CT is the important diagnostic method. The main therapeutic option in this case is systemic therapy, including chemotherapy, targeted and hormone therapy, the nature of the agent depends on the biological variant of the tumor.

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