Cross-sectional OCT study of ON and non-ON MS eyes: non-effect of smoking exposure

ObjectivesSLE displays large clinical heterogeneity that beyond genetic factors may be determined by environmental exposures. In this Danish nationwide study, we aimed to determine if clinical subsets of SLE were associated with smoking history.MethodsAt each of six participating centres, incident or prevalent inpatients and outpatients with SLE were consecutively included. Manifestations forming the basis of SLE classification were registered in an electronic chart system. Patients also provided questionnaire-based data on environmental exposures, including smoking history. Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to determine and characterise subsets of patients with similar traits of disease manifestations. Levels of smoking exposure by pack-years were correlated to the identified SLE subsets, as well as discrete SLE manifestations.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 485 patients (88% women and 92% Caucasian) with SLE of which 51% were ever smokers. Common disease manifestations comprised non-erosive arthritis (81%), malar rash (57%), lymphopenia (55%), photosensitivity (50%) and persistent proteinuria (41%). We identified three distinct phenotypic clusters characterised by their preponderance of (A) neurological, serosal and mucosal involvement; (B) renal, haematological and immunological disorders; and (C) acute and chronic skin manifestations. Cluster B was the youngest and had the lowest level of smoking exposure. Age-adjusted regression analyses showed that compared with never smokers a smoking history of >20 pack-years was associated with neurological disorder (OR=3.16), discoid rash (OR=2.22), photosensitivity (OR=2.19) and inversely with haematological disorder (OR=0.40), renal disorder (OR=0.40) and non-erosive arthritis (OR=0.45), p<0.05 for all.ConclusionsOur findings support that SLE presents in varying clinical phenotypes and suggest that they may have differentiated associations with smoking history.

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Prevalence and Correlates of Secondhand Smoking Exposure Among Pregnant and Postnatal Chinese Women

10.21203/rs.3.rs-96643/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

YUAN YANG ◽

Meng Zhang ◽

Haixin Bo ◽

Dongying Zhang ◽

Liangkun Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Postnatal Period ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Secondhand Smoking ◽

Smoking Exposure ◽

Postnatal Women

Abstract BackgroundInhalation of secondhand smoke during pregnancy and postnatal period is detrimental to developing infants and increases risk for health problems throughout the lifespan. This study examined the prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke, its correlates, and its association with QOL among pregnant and postnatal Chinese women.MethodsThis multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted between February and October 2019 in China. Participants were pregnant and postnatal women. We assessed associations of frequency and location of secondhand smoking with sample characteristics as well as depression and quality of life based on EPDS and WHOQOL-BREF, respectively.ResultsA total of 992 women participated in the study, of whom, 211 (21.3%, 95%CI=18.7-23.8%) had been exposed to secondhand smoking. Secondhand smoking was most common in public areas (56.4%), and residential homes (20.5%), while workplaces had the lowest rate of secondhand smoking (13.7%). Women with physical comorbidities were more likely to report secondhand smoking exposure, while younger women, women living in urban areas, and those with college or higher education level were less likely to report exposure to secondhand smoking.ConclusionThe prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoking is becoming lower among pregnant and postnatal women in China compared to findings reported in previous studies. Due to the detrimental impact of secondhand smoking on physical health, legal legislation should be promptly enforced to establish smoke-free environments in both public and private urban/rural areas for protection of pregnant and postnatal women, especially those who are physically vulnerable and less educated.

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Prevalence and Sources of Second-Hand Smoking Exposure among Non-Smoking Pregnant Women in an Urban Setting of Vietnam

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16245022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (24) ◽

pp. 5022 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chau Quy Ngo ◽

Phuong Thu Phan ◽

Giap Van Vu ◽

Hanh Thi Chu ◽

Toan Thi Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Second Hand Smoke ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Smoking Exposure ◽

Shs Exposure ◽

Second Hand Smoking

Exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) among non-smoking pregnant women can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. A cross-sectional study was performed from July to August 2016 among 432 pregnant women at Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam, to assess the prevalence and sources of SHS exposure among non-smoking pregnant women. Socio-economic characteristics and information regarding SHS exposure of participants were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify associated factors. Overall, 92.6% and 64.5% of pregnant women were exposed to SHS in their lifetime and in the last 30 days, respectively. Cafeterias and restaurants had the highest proportion of pregnant women exposed to SHS. Those who reported that “smoking is allowed at home” (OR = 3.18; 95%CI = 1.97–5.13); going to working place (OR = 1.86; 95%CI = 1.08–3.19), going to state authority offices (OR = 1.98; 95%CI = 1.15–3.41), and cafeterias (OR = 1.96; 95%CI = 1.22–3.16) had the highest risk of SHS exposure in the last 30 days. We have found a high proportion of SHS exposure among non-smoking pregnant women in Vietnam. This comes from a multitude of sources, including homes, workplaces, cafeterias, and restaurants. The data emphasises the need for further intervention to address this health issue.

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Cross-sectional study of smoking exposure: no differential effect on OCT metrics in a cohort of MS patients

Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental Translational and Clinical ◽

10.1177/2055217319828400 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 205521731982840 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mattia Rosso ◽

Dorlan J Kimbrough ◽

Cindy T Gonzalez ◽

Bonnie I Glanz ◽

Brian C Healy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Smoking History ◽

Retinal Layer ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Macular Volume ◽

Smoking Exposure ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Never Smokers

Background Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides quantitative measures of retinal layer thickness. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) onset and disease severity: its effects on OCT metrics have not been assessed. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the effect of smoking history on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform (GCIP) of MS patients by OCT. Methods 112 MS patients were recruited from the Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Spectralis OCT scans were acquired to measure GCIP, peripapillary RNFL, and total macular volume. Multivariable linear mixed effects regression model assessed RNFL and GCIP change with fixed effects for smoking history while adjusting for optic neuritis eye status, age, disease duration, sex, baseline EDSS, and disease modifying therapies (DMTs). Results Smoking histories were available for 102 patients: 46 (45.10%) had a history of smoking cigarettes and 56 (54.90%) never smoked. No statistically significant differences were found between ever-smokers and never-smokers with respect to GCIP, RNFL, and macular volume. Conclusion Our study shows no significant difference in retinal thickness between ever-smokers and never-smokers. If confirmed, this result suggests mechanistic differences between the retina and other central nervous system (CNS) compartments in response to smoking and should be noted when considering OCT as a surrogate measure of CNS activity.

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Modified effect of active or passive smoking on the association between age and abdominal aortic calcification: a nationally representative cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047645 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. e047645

Author(s):

Luyan Lv ◽

Shixian Wu ◽

Yungui Yang ◽

Xiongli Yue

Keyword(s):

Vascular Calcification ◽

Passive Smoking ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Serum Cotinine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

Abdominal Aortic ◽

Smoking Exposure ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Never Smokers

ObjectiveThe deleterious effects of smoking on atherosclerosis were well known; however, the interaction among ageing, smoking and atherosclerosis remains unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that the association between age and vascular calciﬁcation, a critical mark of atherosclerosis, was modified by smoking.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA nationally representative sample, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2013–2014.ParticipantsThis study included 3140 adults aged 40–80 years with eligible data for abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). Active and passive smoking exposure was identified through self-reports and tobacco metabolites (serum cotinine and urinary 4-methylnitrosamino-3-pyridyl-1-butanol).Primary outcome measuresAAC score was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. OR was estimated using the logistic regression method to assess the association between age and the presence of severe or subclinical AAC stratified by smoking exposure. The survey-weighted Wald test was used to evaluate potential interactions.ResultsAAC was positively associated with age in the general population. After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity and other cardiovascular risk factors, age was significantly associated with the odds of severe AAC (OR for each 5-year increase in age: 1.66, 95% CI 1.48 to 1.87, p<0.001). As expected, the association between age and vascular calcification was especially stronger in smokers than in never smokers (p value for interaction ≤0.014). According to spline fitting, the progression of vascular calcification was significantly increased after 45 years in smokers compared with that after 60 years in never smokers. Quitting smoking may compromise the deleteriousness of the vascellum especially in younger adults. However, the difference in age-related calcification among never smokers with or without secondhand smoke exposure was minor, regardless of the definition by self-report, serum cotinine, or urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol.ConclusionsSmoking significantly accelerated the progression of age-related subclinical atherosclerosis. Early smoking cessation should be encouraged among young smokers. The effect of passive smoking exposure on arteriosclerosis should be assessed further.

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Perilaku merokok pasien jantung koroner: studi di rumah sakit Saras Husada

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat ◽

10.22146/bkm.11661 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Debsy Vonneke Pattilima ◽

Anggoro Budi Hartono ◽

Trisno Agung Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Heart Diseases ◽

Family Members ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Places ◽

Coronary Heart Diseases ◽

Education Data ◽

Smoking Exposure ◽

Cigarette Advertising

Smoking behavior of patients with coronary heart diseases: a study in the Saras Husada hospitalPurposeThis study aimed to examine the determinants of smoking behavior in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Saras Husada hospital Purworejo.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted involving 205 respondents. Dependent variable was smoking behavior in patients with coronary heart diseases, while independent variables were knowledge about dangers of smoking, exposure to cigarette advertising and smoking behavior of family members with confounding variables: age, sex, and education. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using bivariate and multivariate tests.ResultsThis study found no correlation of cigarette advertisement exposure, smoking behavior of family members, gender, and education with smoking behavior in CHD patients. Multivariate analysis showed that gender variables influence the determinant of smoking behavior in CHD patients.ConclusionThis study provides knowledge that gender is the strongest determinant affecting smoking behavior in CHD patients. It is necessary to apply the local regulation ban on smoking, especially for men in public places, workplaces and schools.

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Passive smoking exposure of sick children in Hong Kong

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1191/096032799678839950 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 224-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sophia SC Chan ◽

Tai Hing Lam ◽

Carol L Betson

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Health Risks ◽

Passive Smoking ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Smoking Exposure ◽

Smoking Behaviors ◽

Sick Children ◽

At Home

1 This study aims to investigate the extent of passive smoking exposure of sick children in Hong Kong; their father' smoking behaviors and their mother' action to protect the child from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). 2 This cross-sectional survey was the first phase of a randomized controlled trial on a health education intervention provided by nurses in the general paediatric wards of four major hospitals in Hong Kong. The subjects are non-smoking mothers of sick children admitted to hospital and with a smoking husband living together in the same household with the child. Eligible subjects completed a self-administered baseline questionnaire before entering into the trial. 3 All the 848 children whose mothers completed the questionnaire during December 1997 to April 1998 had a smoking father. They constituted about 24% (95% CI: 22.6-24.9%) of all the sick children during the same period. More than half of the children' fathers (55%; 51.6-58.3%) smoked 1-14 cigarettes per day and about 68% (64.7-71.0%) of them were daily smokers for over 10 years. Over half (53%; 49.4-56.2%) of the fathers smoked 1-14 cigarettes at home every day. About 21% of the fathers smoked near the child occasionally and 31% (27.4-33.6%) smoked 1-14 cigarettes near the child per day. About 16% of the children lived with more than one smoker (2-3). About 86% (83.3-88.0%) of the children had 1-3 smokers who smoked at home and 61% (58.1-64.7%) of them had 1-3 smokers who smoked near them every day. However, 70% ofthe children were reported by their mothers as exposed to ETS at home. This percentage (70%) was less than the percentage (86%) of smokers who smoked at home daily. About 31.1% of the mothers reported symptoms of coughing and running nose (20.6%) in their children when they were exposed to ETS. To protect the child from ETS exposure, 43% of the mothers requested the father not to smoke near the child, 33.1% requested the father to smoke less cigarettes and 31.5% advised the father to quit smoking. 4 In conclusion, sick children in Hong Kong are at risk of exposure to ETS, but not all mothers are aware of the health risks and their actions were inadequate. There is a critical need to promote awareness of ETS exposure and the health risks in the family in Hong Kong so as to reduce illness and hospital admission in children.

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